Sand training: Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammatory responses to matched-intensity exercise     

Henry Brown  Brian Dawson  Martyn J. Binnie  Hugh Pinnington  Marc Sim  Tristan D. Clemons 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(6):741-747

This study compared markers of muscle damage and inflammation elevated by a matched-intensity interval running session on soft sand and grass surfaces. In a counterbalanced, repeated-measures and crossover design, 10 well-trained female athletes completed 2 interval-based running sessions 1 week apart on either a grass or a sand surface. Exercise heart rate (HR) was fixed at 83–88% of HR maximum. Venous blood samples were collected pre-, post- and 24?h post-exercise, and analysed for myoglobin (Mb) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Perceptual ratings of exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded immediately post- and 24?h post-exercise. A significant time effect showed that Mb increased from pre- to post-exercise on grass (p?=?.008) but not on sand (p?=?.611). Furthermore, there was a greater relative increase in Mb on grass compared with that on sand (p?=?.026). No differences in CRP were reported between surfaces (p?>?.05). The HR, RPE and DOMS scores were not significantly different between conditions (p > .05). These results suggest that in response to a matched-intensity exercise bout, markers of post-exercise muscle damage may be reduced by running on softer ground surfaces. Such training strategy may be used to minimize musculoskeletal strain while still incurring an equivalent cardiovascular training stimulus.  相似文献   

藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化符号表征研究          下载免费PDF全文

周丽  孙德朝 《体育科研》2017,(1):52-56

采用文献资料法、逻辑推理法并结合田野考察法，以文化人类学和社会表征理论为依托，阐释藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化符号表征的意义。研究认为：藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化符号具有“三征并存”的功能结构和“三化并行”的功能价值。通过对藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化符号表征的研究，对藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化资源的传承与发展，以及人类学家和民族学家对民族传统体育文化符号的深层次研究具有导向作用。  相似文献   

Skating start propulsion: three-dimensional kinematic analysis of elite male and female ice hockey players     

Jaymee R. Shell  Shawn M. K. Robbins  Philippe C. Dixon  Philippe J. Renaud  René A. Turcotte  Tom Wu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(3):313-324

The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for male and female ice hockey players. However, performance differences by athlete’s sex cannot be fully explained by physiological variables; hence, other factors such as skating technique warrant examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the body movement kinematics of ice hockey skating starts between elite male and female ice hockey participants. Male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) elite ice hockey players performed five forward skating start accelerations. An 18-camera motion capture system placed on the arena ice surface captured full-body kinematics during the first seven skating start steps within 15 meters. Males’ maximum skating speeds were greater than females. Skating technique sex differences were noted: in particular, females presented ~10° lower hip abduction throughout skating stance as well as ~10° greater knee extension at initial ice stance contact, conspicuously followed by a brief cessation in knee extension at the moment of ice contact, not evident in male skaters. Further study is warranted to explain why these skating technique differences exist in relation to factors such as differences in training, equipment, performance level, and anthropometrics.  相似文献   

Competition as cooperation     

C. Thi Nguyen 《体育哲学杂志》2017,44(1):123-137

Games have a complex, and seemingly paradoxical structure: they are both competitive and cooperative, and the competitive element is required for the cooperative element to work out. They are mechanisms for transforming competition into cooperation. Several contemporary philosophers of sport have located the primary mechanism of conversion in the mental attitudes of the players. I argue that these views cannot capture the phenomenological complexity of game-play, nor the difficulty and moral complexity of achieving cooperation through game-play. In this paper, I present a different account of the relationship between competition and cooperation. My view is a distributed view of the conversion: success depends on a large number of features. First, the players must achieve the right motivational state: playing for the sake of the struggle, rather than to win. Second, successful transformation depends on a large number of extra-mental features, including good game design, and social and institutional features.  相似文献   

A novel sleep optimisation programme to improve athletes’ well-being and performance     

Emer Van Ryswyk  Richard Weeks  Laura Bandick  Michaela O’Keefe  Andrew Vakulin  Peter Catcheside 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(2):144-151

Objectives: To improve well-being and performance indicators in a group of Australian Football League (AFL) players via a six-week sleep optimisation programme. Design: Prospective intervention study following observations suggestive of reduced sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in an AFL group. Methods: Athletes from the Adelaide Football Club were invited to participate if they had played AFL senior-level football for 1–5 years, or if they had excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] >10), measured via ESS. An initial education session explained normal sleep needs, and how to achieve increased sleep duration and quality. Participants (n?=?25) received ongoing feedback on their sleep, and a mid-programme education and feedback session. Sleep duration, quality and related outcomes were measured during week one and at the conclusion of the six-week intervention period using sleep diaries, actigraphy, ESS, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Profile of Mood States, Training Distress Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Results: Sleep diaries demonstrated an increase in total sleep time of approximately 20?min (498.8?±?53.8 to 518.7?±?34.3; p?<?.05) and a 2% increase in sleep efficiency (p?<?0.05). There was a corresponding increase in vigour (p?<?0.001) and decrease in fatigue (p?<?0.05). Conclusions: Improvements in measures of sleep efficiency, fatigue and vigour indicate that a sleep optimisation programme may improve athletes’ well-being. More research is required into the effects of sleep optimisation on athletic performance.  相似文献   

田径表演赛可行性探析     

崔永衡 《体育科技文献通报》2015,(1)

随着科技水平的发展，电视、多媒体网络等各种传播媒介的迅速发展，体育产业的迅速崛起，人们生活质量的提高、财富的积累，使得人们对体育的诉求也在不断的发生着变化。各种体育赛事逐步融入了表演赛，来扩大本项运动的国际影响力。由于体育明星效应，使得一些体育运动在国内一度掀起过高潮。那么，我们可以借鉴这种市场化的操作方式，从宏观的角度论述田径表演赛，通过明星效应，结合市场管理的方法，提升对田径运动兴趣，加大对田径运动知识的了解、认识，从而起到缓解瓶颈期学校体育中田径常年不受学生青睐的尴尬局面，迎来田径发展新“春天”。  相似文献   

Combined individual scrummaging kinetics and muscular power predict competitive team scrum success     

Andrew Green  Chloe Dafkin  Samantha Kerr  Warrick McKinon 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):994-1003

Scrummaging is a major component of Rugby Union gameplay. Successful scrummaging is dependent on the coordination of the forward players and the strength of the eight individuals. The study aim was to determine whether individual scrummaging kinetics and other candidate factors associated with scrummaging performance discriminate team scrum performances. Sixteen club-level forwards (stature: 1.80?±?0.1?m; mass: 99.0?±?18.2?kg) were initially divided into two scrummaging packs. A total of 10 various scrum permutations were tested, where players were randomly swapped between the two packs. Winning scrums were determined by two observers on opposite sides of the scrum. Fatigue (100?mm visual analogue scale (VAS)) and scrummaging effort (6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) were assessed following each scrum contest. Individual scrummaging kinetics were acquired through an instrumented scrum ergometer and muscular power indicated through vertical jump heights. Student’s t-tests were used to differentiate between winning and losing scrum packs. VAS and RPE were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Winning scrum packs had significantly larger combined force magnitudes (p?<?.002), regardless of the player contribution calculations. Additionally, winning packs had less individual movement (p?=?.033) and higher combined vertical jump heights (p?<?.001) but were not significantly heavier (p?=?.759) than losing scrum packs. While perceived VAS and RPE values progressively increased (p?<?.001), no differences in the individual scrum magnitudes were observed between the 1st and 10th scrum (p?=?.418). The results indicated that the combination of individual forces, variation in movement and factors related to scrummaging performance, such as vertical jump height, were associated with team scrummaging success.  相似文献   

试论竞技体育中故意伤害行为的刑法考量          下载免费PDF全文

王晓贞 《体育科研》2017,(1):14-18，25

采用文献研究结合逻辑分析的方法，从竞技体育行业特殊性及其刑法规制争议性出发，结合国内外相关案例，通过对刑法规制的损益分析，从支持刑法规制的角度，提出了认定竞技体育故意伤害行为是否触犯刑法的具体判断标准及步骤，即应当严格遵循“客观不法+主观有责”两步判断法，在主客观重合的范围内判断该行为是否构成犯罪，必要时考虑该行为损害的法益是否受刑法保护，从而更好地进行个案平衡。  相似文献   

Mental Rotation of Tactical Instruction Displays Affects Information Processing Demand and Execution Accuracy in Basketball     

Till Koopmann  Yvonne Steggemann-Weinrich  Jochen Baumeister 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(3):365-370

Purpose: In sports games, coaches often use tactic boards to present tactical instructions during time-outs (e.g., 20 s to 60 s in basketball). Instructions should be presented in a way that enables fast and errorless information processing for the players. The aim of this study was to test the effect of different orientations of visual tactical displays on observation time and execution performance. High affordances in visual-spatial transformation (e.g., mental rotation processes) might impede information processing and might decrease execution performance with regard to the instructed playing patterns. Method: In a within-subjects design with 1 factor, 10 novice students were instructed with visual tactical instructions of basketball playing patterns with different orientations either showing the playing pattern with low spatial disparity to the players’ on-court perspective (basket on top) or upside down (basket on bottom). Results: The self-chosen time for watching the pattern before execution was significantly shorter and spatial accuracy in pattern execution was significantly higher when the instructional perspective and the real perspective on the basketball court had a congruent orientation. Conclusion: The effects might be explained by interfering mental rotation processes that are necessary to transform the instructional perspective into the players’ actual perspective while standing on the court or imagining themselves standing on the court. According to these results, coaches should align their tactic boards to their players’ on-court viewing perspective.  相似文献   

Small Nation,Big Sport: Basque Ball – Its Past and Present Cultural Meanings for the Basques     

Bartosz Prabucki 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(10):943-956

Abstract

The Basques are a nation living in the Basque Country – a territory that is divided between two states – France and Spain. Isolated in the mountainous terrain they have preserved their original culture and collective identity. However, they still need to struggle for recognition, using some elements of their own culture to promote their identity and reject their status as a peripheral region of Spain or France. One of such elements is sport, especially so-called ‘traditional sports’ which this nation has preserved over centuries. The aim of this paper is thus to analyze one example of such a sport – Basque ball and its historical and present situation, connections with other elements of culture and its socio-cultural importance for the Basques.  相似文献