Perform kicking with or without jumping: joint coordination and kinetic differences between Taekwondo back kicks and jumping back kicks     

Kuangyou B. Cheng  Ying-Hsun Wang  Shih-Yu Kuo  Kuan-Mao Wang  Yi-Chang Huang 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(15):1614-1621

We investigated joint coordination differences between Taekwondo back kicks and jumping back kicks, and how jumping (in performing the latter) would alter engaging ground reaction forces (GRF) in executing kicking. Ten skilful athletes volunteered to perform both kinds of kicking within the shortest time for three successful trials. Three high-speed cameras and two force platforms were used for data collection, and the trial with the shortest execution time was selected for analysis. Movements were divided into the rotation and attack phases. With comparable execution time and maximum joint linear/angular speeds, back kicks and jumping back kicks differ mainly in larger GRF in the latter, and in greater target acceleration in the former probably because the support leg prevented athletes’ rebounding after impact. In addition, more prominent antiphase and in-phase coordination between the shoulder segment and knee joint, and elongated rotation phase were found in jumping back kicks. Larger GRF values in jumping back kicks were generated for jump take-off rather than for a more powerful attack. In back kicks although the support leg remained ground contact, greatly decreased GRF in the attack phase suggested that the support leg mainly served as a rotation axis.  相似文献   

Globalization and the Governance of Chinese Sports: The Case of Professional Basketball     

Fuhua Huang  Fan Hong 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(8):1030-1043

This paper aims to explore the manifestations of globalization and sport governance in China through a lens of basketball. Specific focus is centred on the extent of the universalization of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) governance model in China and the adaptation from Chinese basketball. It argues that the vertical-centralized power allocation of Chinese basketball has prevented the NBA's governance model being fully assimilated and universalized in the Chinese context. When the localization of the NBA's capitalist setting encounters the state power of China's socialist regime, Chinese political nationalism has tended to provoke a firm entrenchment to protect the government's sovereignty.  相似文献   

Imperialisms in the Olympics of the Colonization in the Postcolonization: Africa into the International Olympic Committee, 1910–1965     

Pascal Charitas 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(7):909-922

After World War II, the principle of a colonized countries' self-determination was at stake in the international relationships emerging from the context of a Cold War and the decolonizations of Empires. Non-Governmental Organizations such as the International Olympic Committee (IOC) become not only analyzers of the effects of competition between the different colonial powers, but also enlighteners of the imperial strategies which would turn the power struggles into partnership and cooperation. The fear of a political harnessing from the Occidental countries resulted in two reactions: the progressive integration of English-speaking African National Olympic Committees (NOCs) based on a Great Britain-controlled International Federations (1950–1972) and, eventually and as a direct consequence, the creation of French-speaking African NOCs (1956–1968) through the International Olympic Aid Commission (1961). From 1944 to 1963, conditions for possibility seemed to be gathered for the realization of a process of internationalization of African sport through the integration of new English- and French-speaking African countries into the IOC.  相似文献   

Developing Culturally Specific Tools for the Evaluation of Good Governance in Diverse National Contexts: A Case Study of the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran     

Mehdi Ghadami 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(8):986-1000

One of the key features of the Olympic movement is its universalistic appeal, particularly in the sense that it has sought to establish itself as a platform for universal interaction and promotion of universal values. In this paper, we consider the nature, feasibility, and implications of the IOC's promotion of its universalist position in terms of the ethical standards it promotes in relation to universal principles of good governance. A major problem in this respect is the culturally diverse set of constituencies that are incorporated within the Olympic movement, such that the imposition of ‘one size fits all’ policies may be impractical and in many instances undesirable. The authors of this paper therefore argue that although universal agreement is often impractical, general agreement may often be established. The paper therefore presents an approach to balancing centrally promoted principles of good governance with local preferences in terms of the weighting to be given to particular values within the operationalization of good governance. This approach, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process technique, developed by Thomas Saaty and widely employed in decision-making with regard to evaluating and weighting alternatives, is introduced here in the context of the evaluation of National Sport Federations in Iran. The paper highlights ways in which this technique allows for the expression of local priorities within the general framework of good governance principles in ways which satisfied both global and local priorities. In effect, it is a practical example of what Robertson has termed glocalization. The paper concludes by applying this framework to an evaluation of the National Federation (NF) of Football in Iran as an example of how this technique will be used for the purposes of ranking NFs in terms of performance with respect to elements of good governance which will inform both self-assessment by the NF and the decision-making process for allocation of funds by government to NFs in Iran in the future.  相似文献   

Reclaiming Canada Through Its ‘Ancient’ Sport: Lacrosse and the Native Sons of Canada in Late 1920s Alberta     

Robert Kossuth  David McMurray 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(14):1642-1660

Lacrosse has long been considered Canada's national sport and, beginning in the latter half of the nineteenth century, became tied to the nationalist ambitions that sought to promote a national identity through the ‘creation’ of a uniquely Canadian game. Popular in the decades prior to the turn of the twentieth century, lacrosse in Alberta began to decline after the First World War, becoming a marginal sport played only in the province's larger cities. A brief and unexpected revival of lacrosse occurred in two communities, Edmonton and Lethbridge, in the 1920s championed by a nativist organization, the Native Sons of Canada (NSC). For this group lacrosse represented a natural means to promote their ‘Canada First’ ideology to young male Albertans. In Edmonton, the Native Sons sponsored a senior men's lacrosse team that garnered some local and regional attention, while attempts by the Lethbridge assembly to promote youth lacrosse in 1927 were largely unsuccessful. Despite the continuing affinity between Canadian nationalism and lacrosse, the NSC were ineffective in their efforts to revive interest in the sport. The ‘national’ game did not provide nativists in Alberta the platform they sought to promote their nationalist agenda.  相似文献   

Exploring the covariates of sport participation for health: an analysis of males and females in England     

Paul Downward  Simona Rasciute 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(1):67-76

Increasing sport participation has been identified as a key vehicle for achieving World Health Organisation guidelines for health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA). A policy challenge is to promote this changed behaviour. Making use of the Active People Survey, a zero-inflated ordered probit model is used to identify the covariates of sport participation for males and females with respect to the related decisions to either participate in sport or not, and to participate at either lower or higher than desired intensity. To inform current policy emphases, the Active Places Survey is also used to examine the causal impact of facility provision on these behaviours. Results indicate that females are more likely to adopt less intensive activity even with time available. Families could place most constraints on females, but also reduce the intensity of male participation. Education has a greater association with higher intensity female activity. The largest effects are identified for sport club membership and facility satisfaction. Both of these affect male intensity of activity most. The main policy challenges facing sport in contributing to HEPA are shown to involve retaining male intensity of participation when ageing and encouraging greater female intensity of participation, with more appropriate matching of facilities.  相似文献   

三轴加速度传感器系统在运动技术分析领域的研究与应用     

朱明 《冰雪运动》2015,(2):89-96

为满足在运动训练过程中的人体三维空间技术特征研究的需要,开发一套三轴向加速度传感器系统.该系统由下位机和上位机两部分组成,其中下位机部分由加速度传感器、传感器拾取单元、数据处理单元、电源监测与保护单元和无线传输单元组成,上位机部分由数据采集和分析软件组成.该系统具有四通道同步采集功能,结合同步视频,可对运动员的肢体关节、比赛训练器械等技术组成要素进行运动学和动力学参数进行实时采集与分析.以体育训练中常用的杠铃深蹲训练为实验性应用领域,对速滑和举重两种项目的杠铃深蹲训练进行技术分析,通过对三轴加速度传感器采集数据的分析,找出不同项目间杠铃深蹲动作技术的特征与差异,为今后深入开展加速度传感器系统的开发与相关应用提供研究基础.  相似文献   

论过错原则下的体育损害责任     

李钧 《体育科学》2015,(1)

体育运动是带有一定固有风险的人类活动。体育运动要求侵权法在保证运动自由和救济损害之间实现平衡。自甘风险作为英、美法系惯常使用的抗辩事由,推定受害人对运动风险的识别和自愿承受。虽然保障了运动自由,但是不利于损害救济的实现,难以满足我国和谐发展体育事业的宗旨和促进法治进程的现实需要。传统的过错责任具有内在的灵活性和外在的普遍适用性,也是我国当前解决体育损害的法定归责原则。通过对善良家父标准（一般注意义务）的专业化,即善良运动者的注意义务,实现在体育运动的特殊情境下对行为人体育行为适当性的合理判断。处理体育损害,应借鉴自甘风险制度对运动固有风险的合理预判,根据个案设定善良运动者的勤谨注意义务,考察过错的有无,判定行为人是否应就体育损害承担侵权损害赔偿责任以及承担责任的范围。对于双方均无过错的体育损害,可以借助公平责任的特殊规定适当分担损害,从而实现运动自由与损害救济之间的平衡与双赢。在弘扬体育精神,发展体育事业的同时,切实有效的保障每个人的合法权益。  相似文献   

什么是体育社会心理学——基于20名中、外运动心理学家学术经验的考量     

游茂林  石岩 《体育科学》2015,(2):73-80

通过访谈20名中、外运动心理学家,采集他们基于自身专业知识、工作经历和学术思考对体育社会心理学定义、学科性质和研究内容的判断,对这些信息进行归纳分析。结果显示:1)体育社会心理学可以定义为一门研究体育情境中的人际关系、交互作用、心理过程、行为特征和体育文化心理的学科;2)体育社会心理学是社会心理学、运动心理学和体育社会学交叉形成的一个二级学科,以体育情境为基础,同时具有心理学和社会学的学科性质;3)体育社会心理学研究内容由社会心理学中与体育运动相关的内容、运动心理学中社会心理学性质的部分、体育社会学中心理和行为方面的研究、文化心理学中与体育运动相关的议题等4部分构成,主要关注8类58种研究主题。  相似文献   

休闲与娱乐：西南民族村寨体育文化特征分析     

余贞凯 《楚雄师范学院学报》2015,(3)

西南地区是我国民族成分较多的区域之一,不仅民族成分众多,而且少数民族传统体育文化资源的数量较为庞大。其民族村寨体育无论是竞赛类,还是表演性质的竞技类、技巧类和综合类项目,均体现出较强的休闲娱乐特征,而且随着社会生活的演变,我们今天能够看到的民族村寨体育文化,其原有的功能已在逐渐退化,反而是休闲、娱乐与健身的功能日趋突出,它为村寨居民提供认同感和持续感,显示出我国文化的多样性和创造力,成为人们生活的重要组成部分。  相似文献