幼儿入园焦虑的音乐治疗——基于"同质原则"的尝试     

李岩  刘欣茹  齐易 《学前教育研究》2011,(1)

3岁左右新入园的幼儿普遍存在分离焦虑.在当前幼儿园教育实践中,教师一般通过摆事实、讲道理或分散幼儿注意力的办法加以疏导,但这实质上只是让幼儿暂时回避了与依恋对象分离的事实,而没有真正消解幼儿的分离焦虑.长此以往,这种焦虑带来的心理创伤会集聚在幼儿的潜意识里,并对孩子一生的发展造成不利影响.音乐治疗是缓解情绪压力、调节负面情绪的有效手段,在将音乐治疗引入幼儿分离焦虑的治疗中时,必须遵循"同质原则",即首先使用与幼儿目前情绪状态同步的音乐,让音乐与幼儿的情绪产生共鸣,然后再通过逐步改变音乐的情感特点来改变幼儿的情绪状态.如可以先创设故事情境,展现与依恋对象分离的具体情景,而后给孩子们提供各种打击乐器,让他们随意根据自己的感受与情绪来敲打乐器,让乐器发生任意节奏的声音.在孩子们尽情渲泄后,再进入情绪安抚环节,由教师讲道理,并带着孩子们进行简单有趣的音乐律动活动.孩子们的分离焦虑会因充分释放而得到显著缓解,由先前的哭闹不止、拒绝活动到后来的积极参与,都表明根据"同质原则"设计的音乐治疗活动能够有效地缓解幼儿的分离焦虑,是治疗幼儿分离焦虑的有效的、恰当的手段与途径.  相似文献   

母子依恋与幼儿焦虑的关系     

王玉廷  刘莉  王美芳 《学前教育研究》2011,(3)

本研究以194名3～6岁幼儿及其母亲为被试,采用报告法测查幼儿的焦虑状况及其与母子依恋的关系.结果表明:在各焦虑症状中,女孩的躯体伤害恐惧得分显著高于男孩,低社会经济地位组幼儿的焦虑总分、分离焦虑、强迫一冲动障碍和广泛性焦虑得分显著高于中等和/或高社会经济地位组儿童,而中、高社会经济地位组儿童之间无显著差异;母子依恋与幼儿的焦虑总分及各焦虑症状(除强迫一冲动障碍)得分之间均呈显著负相关.  相似文献   

人际认知问题解决的发展与学前儿童焦虑症状、同伴交往的关系     

赵金霞  王美芳 《学前教育研究》2011,(2)

从济南市某幼儿园选取学前儿童260名,本研究采用访谈法和问卷法,考察儿童人际认知问题解决的特点及其与焦虑症状、同伴交往的关系,结果发现:学前儿童预期行为结果的能力显著高于生成替代性问题解决策略和理解行为原因的能力;6岁组儿童生成替代性问题解决策略、预期行为结果和理解行为原因的能力,以及问题解决策略的适当性均显著高于4岁组;男孩预期行为结果的能力显著高于女孩;问题解决策略的数量越多,有效性和适当性越高,社交恐惧发展水平越低;问题解决策略、预期行为结果和理解行为原因三种能力的发展水平越高,越易为同伴接纳.  相似文献   

On winning the “lottery”: psychological preparation for football penalty shoot-outs     

Greg Wood  Geir Jordet  Mark Robert Wilson 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(17):1758-1765

The outcome of penalty shoot-outs is often referred to as a “lottery”, suggesting that luck, rather than the skill level of the player, predetermines outcome success. Throughout this article, we hope to show why such attitudes towards physical and psychological preparation can increase anxiety, diminish perceptions of control and negatively affect the behaviour and subsequent performance of penalty takers. From the synthesis of this evidence, we provide task-specific recommendations that are structured around the dynamic nature of emotions that players are likely to experience during each phase of the shoot-out and which can be implemented or adapted to suit the individual needs of the player. These recommendations are designed to provide a framework to help applied professionals to optimise the psychological preparation for this scenario with the overall aim of helping players to (re)gain control of this situation.  相似文献   

Examining the role of social relationships in the association between neuroticism and test anxiety – results from a study with German secondary school students     

Frances Hoferichter  Diana Raufelder 《教育心理学》2015,35(7):851-868

The current study investigates the mediating role of student–student relationships (SSRs) and teacher–student relationships (TSRs) in the association between neuroticism and test anxiety. Gender differences in these associations were examined. A total of 513 adolescent girls and boys from secondary schools in Berlin, Germany completed questionnaires on test anxiety, personality and quality of SSRs and TSRs. As expected, the results of group comparison analysis indicated that girls showed higher mean levels of test anxiety and neuroticism as compared to boys. Furthermore, negative correlations were observed between test anxiety and TSR for girls only. Structural equation modelling revealed a positive relationship between neuroticism and test anxiety, which was mediated by the SSRs, but not by the TSR. The results highlight the importance of a high quality SSR for both girls and boys, especially as this relationship was found to mediate the association between neuroticism and test anxiety in schools and therefore might contribute to lower anxiety in learning environments. Practical implications of these findings are outlined.  相似文献   

How accurate are teacher and parent judgements of lower secondary school children’s test anxiety?     

Constance Karing  Tobias Dörfler  Cordula Artelt 《教育心理学》2015,35(8):909-925

This study examined teacher and mother judgement accuracy of children’s worries and emotionality in the school subjects of German and mathematics. The participants were 59 German language and 58 mathematics teachers, 572 mothers and their children at the end of Grade 6. The analyses for the total sample revealed weak-to-moderate correlations between adult’s and children’s perception of test anxiety. Moreover, we found that teachers overestimated children’s emotionality as well as children’s worry, whereas mothers underestimated children’s worry and overestimated children’s emotionality in both subjects. However, when looking at the highly test-anxious children, we found quite low correlations and an underestimation of children’s worry and emotionality in both school subjects. Thus, it seems important to provide teachers and parents with information about test anxiety and possibly training to improve their judgement accuracy because of moderating effects of test anxiety on achievement.  相似文献   

浅谈音乐在英语口语学习中的动机作用     

鄞晓琳 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2015,(1):24+26

本论文分析音乐在语言口语学习中的动机作用。首先,介绍动机的理论,动机与语言学习的关系。再次,介绍音乐与语言学习的相关性和相似性。最后音乐在语言学习中的动机作用,从学生心理角度上,它能创造无威胁性的学习环境,从而降低学生的学习焦虑,创造和谐的群体口语学习氛围,从加强口语语言技巧上,它改正错误的发音,有助于连音的模仿,语音语调的模仿,提高口语的流畅性。从文化氛围上来说,音乐能够快速的创造一个目标环境。  相似文献   

英语阅读焦虑的分析与对策     

詹星星 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2015,(4):272-273

英语阅读焦虑是影响学习者阅读过程的一个重要因素,且阻碍了学习者阅读效率和阅读成绩的提高。本文广泛搜集了前人对英语阅读焦虑的定量和定性研究素材,并对此进行了分析和总结,找出了英语学习者阅读焦虑产生的原因,进而提出了相应的缓解策略,在一定程度上能够提高学习者的阅读效率和阅读成绩。  相似文献   

文化全球化视域中的和谐文化交流——以孔子学院为例     

李艳 《安顺学院学报》2011,(6):93-95

全球化已成为一个不可逆转的发展趋势,科技的高速发展、交流的日益密切使之成为历史的必然。文章结合中外文化交流的发展分析了全球化引发的文化焦虑,剖析了文化交流失衡与文化焦虑的密切联系,并以孔子学院为例,论述了重塑与弘扬中华文化对实现多元文化交流、构建和谐世界精神家园的重要性。  相似文献   

论晏殊的心灵冲突与人生境界     

李万堡 《金陵科技学院学报(社会科学版)》2011,25(4):56-61

被誉为"北宋倚声家初祖"的晏殊,以诗闻名,以词行世,但历来褒贬俱存,或肯定其珠圆玉润、雍容华贵的艺术造诣,或否定其富贵闲愁、及时行乐的颓废思想。就思想内容而论,晏殊诗词其风雅精神也并非完全缺席,其中"小园香径独徘徊"等言语极具张力,这种幽约的风雅表达源于其一生所奉行的以柔克刚、知足常乐的人生哲学,但这种圆融之中又充满着复杂的矛盾冲突,于是他在行动上就常表现为跋前踬后,在艺术上则仿佛风雅不作。  相似文献