Motivation counteracts fatigue-induced performance decrements in soccer passing performance     

Jeroen C.M. Barte  Arne Nieuwenhuys  Sabine A.E. Geurts  Michiel A.J. Kompier 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(10):1189-1196

Recent theories suggest that negative effects of fatigue on performance are determined by perception of effort and motivation rather than being directly caused by reaching physiological limits. In the current experiment, the influence of motivation on fatigue-induced decrements in soccer performance was experimentally investigated. Sixty amateur soccer players performed a validated soccer-passing test before and after a fatigue protocol. Results showed that players’ motivation and performance decreased after the fatigue protocol for players in the control group. In contrast, players in the motivation group (i.e., with motivation experimentally induced after the fatigue protocol) were able to uphold their motivation and increase their performance. These results indicate that motivation plays a crucial role in performance under fatigue, as fatigue-induced decrements in soccer passing performance can be counteracted by high levels of motivation. Future research may explore the limits of this counteracting effect and extend findings to other relevant performance aspects.  相似文献   

The impact of physiological load on anticipation skills in badminton: From testing to training     

D. B. Alder  D. P. Broadbent  J. Stead  J. Poolton 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1816-1823

Research remains unclear on the impact of physiological load on perceptual-cognitive skills in sport. Moreover, no study has examined the training of perceptual-cognitive skills under physiological load. The current study comprised two phases. Firstly, we examined the impact of badminton-specific physiological load on anticipatory skills in expert badminton players (n = 13), including key underlying mechanisms, such as gaze behaviour. Under high physiological load, participants displayed less efficient visual search behaviour and showed a reduction in response accuracy. Secondly, we examined the effects of combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with the high physiological load. Ten of the expert badminton players were assigned to a combined training group, where the simulation training and the physiological load intervention occurred simultaneously or an independent training group, whereby the two components were completed independently. The combined training group showed a positive change in the efficiency of their visual search behaviours compared to the independent training group, but no significant performance improvements were found. Overall, findings demonstrate that high physiological load is detrimental to experts’ anticipatory skills. However, combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with high physiological load can potentially negate these debilitating effects.  相似文献   

Parameter Estimation Accuracy of the Effort-Moderated Item Response Theory Model Under Multiple Assumption Violations     

Joseph A. Rios  James Soland 《Educational and psychological measurement》2021,81(3):569

As low-stakes testing contexts increase, low test-taking effort may serve as a serious validity threat. One common solution to this problem is to identify noneffortful responses and treat them as missing during parameter estimation via the effort-moderated item response theory (EM-IRT) model. Although this model has been shown to outperform traditional IRT models (e.g., two-parameter logistic [2PL]) in parameter estimation under simulated conditions, prior research has failed to examine its performance under violations to the model’s assumptions. Therefore, the objective of this simulation study was to examine item and mean ability parameter recovery when violating the assumptions that noneffortful responding occurs randomly (Assumption 1) and is unrelated to the underlying ability of examinees (Assumption 2). Results demonstrated that, across conditions, the EM-IRT model provided robust item parameter estimates to violations of Assumption 1. However, bias values greater than 0.20 SDs were observed for the EM-IRT model when violating Assumption 2; nonetheless, these values were still lower than the 2PL model. In terms of mean ability estimates, model results indicated equal performance between the EM-IRT and 2PL models across conditions. Across both models, mean ability estimates were found to be biased by more than 0.25 SDs when violating Assumption 2. However, our accompanying empirical study suggested that this biasing occurred under extreme conditions that may not be present in some operational settings. Overall, these results suggest that the EM-IRT model provides superior item and equal mean ability parameter estimates in the presence of model violations under realistic conditions when compared with the 2PL model.  相似文献   

Measuring children’s perceived cost of school science: Instrument development and psychometric evaluation     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2021

This investigation addresses the need for valid and reliable instruments that contribute to understanding the factors that lead to the rejection of science-related studies. We discuss the theoretical and methodological limitations of published attitudes toward science questionnaires and describe the development and validation of a short instrument rooted in the cost construct of the expectancy-value model of achievement motivation. We collected data from a sample of six hundred thirty-two 5^th and 6^th (M_age = 10.87; SD = .76) elementary students in Spain. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a parsimonious structure measuring loss of valued alternatives and task effort ​cost. Further psychometric evaluation displayed evidence for convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Likewise, the reliability was acceptable for both three-item scales. These findings support the proposed instrument to measure barriers experienced by Spanish children when studying school science.  相似文献   

科研实验室安全管理执行力度的评价及改进措施     

金鑫 《实验技术与管理》2021,(3):302-305,309

通过调查问卷、观察、文献查阅等多角度收集信息,统计分析得知目前科研实验室安全管理的目标与实际效果之间存在较大差距,即执行力度不足。根据科研工作的特点和安全管理目标要求,提出改进对策,如加强专业安全知识培训,提高科研和管理人员的安全意识,增设问责制度,改进安全检查方法以构建科研实验室安全文化等,并通过实例说明改进措施在实践中取得的成效及对提高安全管理力度的作用。  相似文献   

销售努力下基于CVaR的二次订货模型     

代建生  谢梦萍 《软科学》2016,(8):139-144

运用CVaR风险度量准则,构建了风险规避的零售商实施销售努力影响市场需求且允许二次订货下的报童模型。分析了一次订货和二次订货两种订货模式下零售商的最优订货和销售努力决策,以及最优决策变量与模型中参数的变化关系。比较了两种订货模式下零售商最优决策的差异。最后使用数值分析对市场需求服从均匀分布和负指数分布下的相关结论进行了验证。最后,提出了一些重要的管理启示。  相似文献   

基于能力和努力的人才"双力"模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

薛利 《中国软科学》2004,(6):72-76

本文从企业管理的实践出发,在分析传统人才管理理论的基础上,吸收归因理论的思想,通过访谈和调查问卷,提出了基于能力和努力的人才“双力”模型,并对该模型进行了实证研究与分析,最终建立了一个使企业人才培养和企业发展紧密结合的思维框架和工具。  相似文献   

试论教育艺术与教育误区     

李微 《科教文汇》2011,(25):36-38

社会在进步,人的思维方式在变化,但教学模式却仍传统。传统,在早期可能是优秀的,而在后来或者将来也许成为了一种诟病、一种羁绊。成功的教育是一门艺术,反之,则是一首催眠曲。当教育者不能将学生都变得优秀,当制度不能保障所有孩子的安全,那肯定是出了问题、产生了误区。  相似文献   

省力原则在英语广告中的应用     

王培培 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2012,(6):125-126

摘要：省力原则作为一条指导人类行为的根本性原则，力求以最小的代价换取最大的收益，而广告也是力求以最简洁的语言传达出更多的信息。本文从词汇、语法层面和修辞三个方面分析了省力现象在英语广告中的应用。  相似文献   

Cognitive load of critical thinking strategies     

《Learning and Instruction》2015

Argument–counterargument integration (Nussbaum, 2008) refers to the process of evaluating, refuting, and synthesizing arguments on two sides of an issue when creating justification for an overall conclusion. This study compared the cognitive load of two critical thinking strategies related to argument–counterargument integration: (a) constructing design claims that minimize disadvantages of an alternative, and (b) weighing refutations (which weaken an argument by arguing that there are more important values at stake). College students (N = 285) first completed the Need for Cognition (NFC) scale and were then presented with materials summarizing arguments and counterarguments on the topic of grading class participation. Participants completed a small, integrative essay justifying a stand on the issue, and completed the Mental Effort Rating Scale (Paas, 1992). Participants who generated complex weighing refutations reported more mental effort than those constructing complex design claims (and the control group), with a stronger relationship with those high in NFC. The need to coordinate disparate elements in working memory may explain the higher load associated with constructing weighing refutations. Students may need more (and different types of) scaffolding in using this strategy than when constructing a design claim, which is a more sequential process.  相似文献