中国足球超级联赛U23新政何以有效?——基于“足协-俱乐部”的博弈     

花楷  刘晓宇  胡凯  隆丽珊 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(8):72-80

中超联赛自2017赛季推出U23新政以来备受争议。在"上有政策下有对策"的非合作博弈下，U23新政如何才能实现政策初衷?该文首次采用不完全信息静态博弈模型分析了U23新政下足协与俱乐部的博弈均衡。研究表明：（1）足协推行新政的最优概率为俱乐部采取积极策略给足协带来的净收益与消极策略带来的净收益之比，实质上取决于俱乐部的遵从度。（2）在缺乏讨价还价权时，俱乐部对新政采取消极应对策略是为了减少净损失。俱乐部积极应对的最优概率为消极应对的净损失占其与积极应对的加成即期收益损失之和的比值，实为两害相权取其轻。为激励俱乐部采取积极策略，应降低俱乐部消极应对策略的净收益或积极应对策略的加成即期收益。（3）提高U23新政有效性的治标之策是减少U23政策对中下游球队的冲击，实行有差别的U23政策；对U23球员上场时间低于均值的俱乐部，实行等额或超额递减分成机制。治本之策是培育一个可预期、可持续、可盈利的足球市场，俱乐部能够内生出建立百年基业的长效机制；继续深化足协的去行政化改革，使之向完全社团法人转型。  相似文献   

Protective behavior in ride-sharing through the lens of protection motivation theory and usage situation theory     

《International Journal of Information Management》2021

The frequent occurrence of security incidents in ride-sharing is a challenge for the survival of IT-enabled ride-sharing platforms. Passengers’ protective behavior is an effective means to alleviate this issue, with benefits to both the passengers and the platforms. This study explores the mechanisms of passengers’ protective behavior in the ride-sharing context by combining protection motivation theory (PMT) and usage situation theory. We test our hypotheses using data (n = 346) collected from a field survey based on a real scenario. The findings reveal that PMT and usage situation theory work well to explain passengers’ protective behavior during ride-sharing. This study explains the motivation behind passengers’ protective behavior in the ride-sharing context, extends the contents of PMT by exploring its antecedents, and extends the contents of usage situation theory by introducing a new dimension. Our findings can help ride-sharing platforms take appropriate strategies to improve passengers’ protective behavior.  相似文献   

公共健康视角下的电子竞技发展趋势研究     

闫金 《山东体育科技》2020,(1):11-15

电子竞技(E-sports)已经成为当代发展最快,且最重要的文化现象之一。国家体育总局于2003年将它列为第99个运动项目,又在2011年再次将电子竞技改为正式比赛项目。电子竞技从运动员、观众和经济价值而言,是一个不断发展的产业,而且它将被列入2024年巴黎奥运会。虽然最初主要是年轻男性对电子竞技感兴趣,但电子竞技有可能在更广泛的用户群体中带来健康行为的改变。本文运用文献资料法,对比分析法和逻辑分析法探讨电子竞技在整个生命周期内影响健康行为以及一些主要困境的解决措施。除此之外,电子竞技将有可能帮助于个人改变其体育活动和健康行为。最后考虑到电子竞技的指数增长,对于学者和政策制定者来说,认识到电子竞技带来的机遇是非常重要的。  相似文献   

习惯行为、执行意向与青少年身体活动意向与行为:基于计划行为理论的扩展模型     

王丽娟  郑丹蘅 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(2):22-32

在计划行为理论(TPB)的基础上,引入身体活动习惯行为与执行意向,构建扩展TPB(METPB)模型,检验该模型对9~19岁青少年群体的中高强度身体活动(MVPA)的适用性,探讨该模型对小学、初中及高中阶段青少年MVPA影响的差异。结果显示:假设模型的拟合度可以接受,纳入习惯行为与执行意向后,METPB显著地提高了其对身体活动行为的解释力。态度和感知行为控制对MVPA行为意向有显著性影响,解释了31.4%的行为意向方差;行为意向和习惯行为对MVPA行为有显著性影响,解释了18.7%的行为方差;执行意向加强了行为意向朝实际行为的转换。METPB模型对于不同学习阶段青少年MVPA意向及行为的影响有显著性差异。其中:主观规范对小学生与初中生MVPA意向产生了显著性影响,而对高中生的MVPA意向并无显著性影响;感知行为控制对3个阶段学生的MVPA意向产生的影响随着学习阶段的上升不断增强。建议:在对于青少年身体活动的干预中,政府、家庭、学校应重视培养学生对于身体活动参与的正确态度,提高其参与身体活动的意愿,培养其参与身体活动的行为习惯,且在对青少年身体活动干预时考虑学习阶段的差异。  相似文献   

基于移动终端日志的微信老年用户使用行为画像研究     

李嘉兴  王晰巍  常颖  张长亮 《图书情报工作》2019,63(22):31-40

[目的/意义] 随着中国逐步进入老龄化社会，越来越多的老年人使用移动社交网络来丰富自己的生活，调查数据显示微信已成为拥有老年用户数量最多的移动社交网络，构建微信老年用户群体画像对促进老年人提升移动互联网时代的社交能力，提升老年人生活幸福感具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 通过移动终端日志追踪软件获取微信老年用户使用日志数据，并构建实验环境、布置实验内容获取老年用户使用能力数据，利用k-means算法对数据结果进行聚类分析，并对老年用户属性及使用行为数据进行讨论分析。[结果/结论] 基于老年用户画像体系中的用户属性及行为数据聚类结果深入分析微信老年用户行为特征，发现微信老年用户与其他用户群体相比使用强度、交互强度、使用能力偏低；而且微信老年用户群体具有显著差异性，学历越高的老年用户使用能力、交互强度、使用强度越高，即微信活跃老年用户多为高学历用户。根据微信老年用户行为特征制定中国老龄化社会发展中针对老年人的相关社会引导政策具有理论和实践意义。  相似文献   

Associations of neighborhood disorganization and maternal spanking with children’s aggression: A fixed-effects regression analysis     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

This study employed fixed effects regression that controls for selection bias, omitted variables bias, and all time-invariant aspects of parent and child characteristics to examine the simultaneous associations between neighborhood disorganization, maternal spanking, and aggressive behavior in early childhood using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). Analysis was based on 2,472 children and their mothers who participated in Wave 3 (2001–2003; child age 3) and Wave 4 (2003–2006; child age 5) of the FFCWS. Results indicated that higher rates of neighborhood crime and violence predicted higher levels of child aggression. Maternal spanking in the past year, whether frequent or infrequent, was also associated with increases in aggressive behavior. This study contributes statistically rigorous evidence that exposure to violence in the neighborhood as well as the family context are predictors of child aggression. We conclude with a discussion for the need for multilevel prevention and intervention approaches that target both community and parenting factors.  相似文献   

Occupational Social Work Education for Employee Assistance Practice     

Daniel Hughes  Carly Newhouse 《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2018,38(4):379-397

ABSTRACT

This article explores the current state of Occupational Social Work/Employee Assistance (OSW/EA) education. It examines the relationship between social work curricula, field placement experiences, and entry-level employment opportunities in the OSW/EA field. It is based on an educational initiative called the Partnership for Employee Assistance Education. Drawing on the OSW/EA literature, surveys, and focus group materials, the article concludes that the nature of OSW/EA is being reshaped by information technology, shifting demographics, globalization, and evolving terms and conditions of employment. The authors discuss how the graduate-level OSW/EA curriculum and field placements are being transformed to reflect these trends. Concepts such as Organizational Social Work and organizational intelligence are discussed. Innovative educational strategies are recommended. Finally, the authors argue that the contemporary workplace offers potential opportunity for innovative social work practice and education.  相似文献   

From the body to the city: participatory action research with social cartography for transformative education and global citizenship     

Monique Leivas 《Educational Action Research》2019,27(1):40-56

ABSTRACT

In times of globalization we are facing a crisis of care. The invisibility of relations of domination and oppression against nature, women and girls, as well as the elderly, generate inequalities and structural problems that increase the unsustainability of life on the planet. The uncertainty towards the future, generated by climate change, pollution and scarcity of water resources, is leading us towards war or revolution – a revolution that requires the involvement of the new generations to transform reality and confront contemporary problems. In this sense, it is necessary to educate, raise awareness and empower girls and boys in citizen participation, in overcoming gender inequalities and in the development of fairer and more sustainable practices and behaviours. The participatory action-research experience with social cartography ‘From the Body to the City’, promoted by the Institute of Innovation and Knowledge Management – INGENIO (CSIC-UPV) in collaboration with the primary school CEIP Vicente Gaos of Valencia (Spain), developed together with the students of 4th primary grade, intended to reflect and act collectively on our territories from the principles of transformative education and global citizenship.  相似文献   

Framing citizenship: from assumptions to possibilities in health and physical education     

Alison Wrench 《Sport, Education and Society》2019,24(5):455-467

Within the Australian context physical education (PE) and more recently health and physical education (HPE) have long been ascribed utilitarian value for producing healthy citizens. Whilst this has not been a linear progression over time, traces from the past do inform current assumptions about this utilitarian role. Of consequence are historical contingencies and responses to societal problems around health-related conduct and capabilities of the nations’ citizens. In this paper a genealogical approach is adopted to explore discourses and power relations that have framed the contribution of PE and HPE in shaping students for healthy citizenship. Disciplinary technologies associated with military-style physical training, civilising technologies of game play and responsibilising governmental technologies of contemporary policies will be explored. I conclude in arguing that if HPE is to prepare all students for equitable, inclusive citizenship what is required is the adoption of curricula and pedagogies that counteract hegemonic notions of individual responsibility for healthy citizenship.  相似文献   

困境与出路：我国性侵运动员犯罪行为的刑事规制探究          下载免费PDF全文

王桢 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(1):19-27

近年来，性侵运动员的犯罪行为频发，成为国际社会聚焦的热点。以此审视我国运动员性法益的保护，虽有强奸罪、强制猥亵罪的刑事立法，却缺乏对该犯罪行为特殊性的深入思考，既不能在惩治犯罪人方面达到理想效果，亦不能在预防犯罪方面发挥良好功能。同时，司法中的“以纪代法”、针对性缺乏、未回应被害人需求等诸多问题，亦使该犯罪行为的刑事规制效果大打折扣。所以，在该犯罪立法上应有针对性采用附属刑法进行修正，完善犯罪的特别预防与一般预防制度；司法上，积极回应被害人的诉求，努力克服刑事规制过程中的各种困境，让运动员的性法益得到全面而充分的保护。  相似文献