Application of network meta-analysis in the field of physical activity and health promotion     

Xiwen Su  Daniel J. McDonough  Haitao Chu  Minghui Quan  Zan Gao 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):511-520

Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.  相似文献   

基于消费者低碳偏好的供应链碳减排策略     

熊榕  梁承姬  韩婷婷 《上海海事大学学报》2019,40(4):52-60

针对一个占主导地位的零售商和两个制造商(名牌产品和普通产品制造商)组成的二级供应链,考虑制造商之间的定价顺序和低碳偏好消费者对普通产品的接受度,分别构建普通产品制造商采用或不采用减排技术情景下的收益模型,得出各情景下最优零售价格和收益。研究发现:零售商选择销售哪种产品与顾客对普通产品的接受度有关;普通产品制造商的减排策略主要取决于减排成本。在相同减排策略下,若顾客对普通产品接受度较大,制造商同时定价时产品的最优零售价小于等于不同时定价时产品的最优零售价,而同时定价时制造商的最优收益大于等于不同时定价时的最优收益,因此两个制造商应同时定价以获得更大的收益。  相似文献   

Searching for Safety Online: Managing "Trolling" in a Feminist Forum     

Susan Herring  Kirk Job-Sluder  Rebecca Scheckler  Sasha Barab 《The Information Society》2002,18(5):371-384

A common phenomenon in online discussion groups is the individual who baits and provokes other group members, often with the result of drawing them into fruitless argument and diverting attention from the stated purposes of the group. This study documents a case in which the members of an online community--a feminist web-based discussion forum--are targeted by a "troll" attempting to disrupt their discussion space. We analyze the strategies that make the troller successful and the targeted group largely ineffectual in responding to his attack, as a means to understand how such behavior might be minimized and managed in general. The analysis further suggests that feminist and other nonmainstream online forums are especially vulnerable, in that they must balance inclusive ideals against the need for protection and safety, a tension that can be exploited by disruptive elements to generate intragroup conflict.  相似文献   

泰山旅游结构层次及其匹配开发策略研究     

张建中 《资源科学》1997,19(4):69-76

本文运用旅游结构转换原理，分析了泰山旅游风景资源结构、行为层次结构、市场结构的特征及匹配性关系，找出21世纪泰山旅游持续发展的主要障碍，提出相关的发展策略。文章认为，泰山旅游风景资源的主导特征为博大精深的民族文化与雄伟壮丽的资源风景的有机融合，泰山旅游应以.风景资源结构、旅游行为层次、市场结构、匹配策略  相似文献   

融资约束、税收激励与企业研发投入——来自中国制造业上市公司的证据     

水会莉  韩庆兰 《科技管理研究》2016,(7):30-36

以中国制造业上市公司2011—2013年的数据为样本,研究融资约束与税收激励2个因素对企业研发投入的影响。研究发现,融资约束显著影响企业研发投入强度,民营企业研发投入主要依赖于债务融资,国有企业的研发投入主要取决于股权融资;税收政策对企业研发投入的激励效应主要体现在民营企业,对国有企业研发投入的促进作用不显著;税收激励效应有效缓解了融资对民营企业研发投入的影响,企业所得税税收政策较增值税更能促进民营企业的研发投入。  相似文献   

Domesticating Computers and the Internet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jonathon N. Cummings  Robert Kraut 《The Information Society》2002,18(3):221-231

The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated people, mostly men, in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national surveys to document how personal computers and the Internet have become increasingly domesticated since 1995 and to explore the mechanisms for this shift. Now people log on more often from home than from places of employment and do so for pleasure and for personal purposes rather than for their jobs. Analyses comparing veteran Internet users to novices in 1998 and 2000 and analyses comparing the change in use within a single sample between 1995 and 1996 support two complementary explanations for how these technologies have become domesticated. Women, children, and less well-educated individuals are increasingly using computers and the Internet and have a more personal set of motives than well-educated men. In addition, the widespread diffusion of the PC and the Internet and the response of the computing industry to the diversity in consumers has led to a rich set of personal and domestic services.  相似文献   

经济转轨时期发展高技术产业的政府行为   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡大平  邹珊刚 《科研管理》1997,18(5):1-6

本文从我国高技术产业发展及管理模式的现状分析入手，主要研究由计划经济向市场经济转轨时期，我国发展高技术产业的政府行为的特点，探讨在社会主义市场经济的条件下，政府行为模式在发展高技术产业中的宏观调控作用  相似文献   

必须统一企业所得税征管制度     

毛波军陈雯  安金如 《孝感职业技术学院学报》2004,7(1):65-67

为了充分发挥税收的调节作用，保护国内产业的发展，促进经济结构调整，为企业的公平竞争创造条件，必须统一内、外资企业所得税。这是中国经济融入国际经济大发展中的客观需要，是中国企业参与国际竞争的现实要求，也是中国税制建设的必然趋势。  相似文献   

论格式塔心理学知觉理论在管理中的运用     

陈楚伟 《怀化学院学报》2003,22(1):29-32

在管理行为中 ,我们可以找到许多与格式塔知觉理论相联系的例子。通过格式塔心理学相似原则、接近原则和闭合原则来阐释两者之间的关系。尝试通过这种角度的分析 ,找出一些管理行为的内在基础 ,为实现有效管理做一个理论上的铺垫  相似文献   

Relationship of public preferences and behavior in residential outdoor spaces using analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis—— a case study of Hangzhou City, China     

SHI Jian-ren ZHAO Xiu-min GE Jian HOKAO Kazunori WANG Zhu 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(8):1372-1385

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, as a large number of residential blocks and college campuses are being constructed nationwide in China, improvement in the quality of residential community becomes a rising issue of city policy and urban planning. Layouts of open spaces in residential areas are predicated on their ability to deliver both a mechanism to maintain the viability of citizens’ outdoor lives and a treatment to alleviate the high-density of urban constructions. What kinds of residential o…  相似文献