Application of network meta-analysis in the field of physical activity and health promotion     

Xiwen Su  Daniel J. McDonough  Haitao Chu  Minghui Quan  Zan Gao 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):511-520

Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.  相似文献   

Improving cognitive and physical function through 12-weeks of resistance training in older adults: Randomized controlled trial     

Paulo Ricardo Pereira Dos Santos  Bruno Remígio Cavalcante  Andreya Karolyne Dos Santos Vieira  Marcos Duarte Guimarães  Antônio Marconi Leandro Da Silva  Anderson Da Costa Armstrong 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(17):1936-1942

ABSTRACT

We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; ?106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: ?1.0; ?0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: ?1.6; ?0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (?0.3; 95% CI: ?0.6; ?0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults.  相似文献   

Adverse Events Reported From  COVID-19 Vaccine Trials: A Systematic Review     

Rimple Jeet Kaur  Siddhartha Dutta  Pankaj Bhardwaj  Jaykaran Charan  Sameer Dhingra  Prasenjit Mitra  Kavita Singh  Dharmveer Yadav  Praveen Sharma  Sanjeev Misra 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(4):427

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自然语言转换为受控语言的语义工具——入口词表模块     

刘华梅  侯汉清 《情报科学》2007,25(1):93-96,112

美国伯克莱大学近年来开发设计的语义工具———入口词表模块(EVM),目标是实现自然语言到受控语言的转换。本文详细介绍了EVM的创建过程和实现机制,首先利用数据检索代理和清洗代理从远程数据库中下载记录;然后抽取代理和构建代理利用下载的数据,采用统计学的方法计算自然语言词汇和受控语言词汇之间的关系,构建关联词典;最后由桌面代理和领域代理提供给用户感兴趣的领域,帮助用户进行检索。另外还列举了目前已经建立的几种模块,如INSPEC、MEDLINE、PATENTS等。最后还提出了这一项目未来需要改进的工作。  相似文献   

Impact of the National Writing Project's College-Ready Writers Program in High-Need Rural Districts     

H. Alix Gallagher  Nicole Arshan  Katrina Woodworth 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2017,10(3):570-595

By 2013, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had adopted college- and career-ready standards in English language arts and mathematics, placing a greater emphasis on argument writing to prepare students for life after high school. Solving the specific problem of how to help teachers teach to new standards for argument writing as well as the broader problem of improving teaching and learning requires continued efforts to understand how to support teachers in making substantial changes in instruction. This paper reports on a district-randomized controlled trial of the National Writing Project's College-Ready Writers Program (CRWP), implemented in high-need rural districts in 10 states, testing one instance of professional development paired with supporting curricular resources and a formative assessment tool designed to shift instruction to align with the new college- and career-ready standards in English language arts classes in Grades 7–10. Researchers randomly assigned 44 rural districts either to receive two years of CRWP or to be in a business-as-usual control group and found positive impacts on teacher practice and student source-based argument writing.  相似文献   

语文自主学习策略和实践指导     

许嘉 《闽西职业技术学院学报》2005,7(2):63-67

从自主的角度考虑,学习策略应用的关键在于调控技能。如何让学生具备对学习过程及自我意识的调控,拟以《花的话》的学习为例,探讨提高学生自主阅读理解能力的策略和实践指导的方法。  相似文献   

现代通信实训平台建设与实验教学改革   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邓月明  王玲  周志彬 《实验室研究与探索》2007,26(12):122-125

针对现代通信实验发展的新趋势,构建了一套包括程控交换、光传输和网络通信在内的现代通信实训平台,并完成了相应的实验教学内容、实验教学方式等改革,很好的完善了整个实验教学体制和实验教学内容,为学生在电信系统及工程应用方面提供了完善的实践平台。  相似文献   

水杨酸钠-葡甘聚糖／壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇缓释药膜的研究     

刘勇  米艳 《内江师范学院学报》2008,23(4):49-52

采用溶液共混法将水杨酸钠（NaSal）包埋在魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）、壳聚糖（CTS）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）共混物中,制备了Nasal—KGM／CTS／PVA缓释药膜．用红外光谱表征了药膜的结构,考察了KGM,CTS与PVA三者的质量比以及NaSal的用量对膜的耐水性、水蒸气透过率的影响,测定了水杨酸钠的释放率．结果表明：当KGM,CTS,PVA的质量比为2：2：1时,制备的缓释药膜具有较好的耐水性和较低的水蒸气透过性能,NaSal的缓释性能良好．  相似文献   

Improving quality of the child care environment through a consultancy programme for centre directors     

Katrien O. W. Helmerhorst  Ruben G. Fukkink  J. Marianne A. Riksen-Walraven  Mirjam J. J. M. Gevers Deynoot-Schaub  Louis W. C. Tavecchio 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2017,25(4):361-378

This study examined the effects of a newly developed on-site consultancy programme to improve global quality of the child care environment in non-parental child care centres for 0- to 4-year-old children as measured with the ITERS-R/ECERS-R. Using a randomised controlled trial with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up test, we compared 35 experimental group with 33 control group. The consultancy programme comprised three consultations in total. Analysis on the items that were specifically targeted during the consultancy showed a significant improvement on these targeted items between pretest and posttest and between posttest and follow-up. The effect of the consultancy programme on the total scores (including the non-targeted items) was not significant.  相似文献   

利用工控组态软件创建电气控制线路动态演示教案的方法     

李敏涛 《温州职业技术学院学报》2007,7(3):23-26

利用工控组态软件创建电气控制线路的原理图,模拟动态演示教案,不但可以直观地表述控制原理,还可以利用工控组态中的编程功能设置故障,使学生能尽快地理解控制线路原理,掌握故障分析和排除的能力。  相似文献