国际科研众筹项目的特征描述、主题分析及属性对比:基于Experiment平台的发现     

刘周颖  赵宇翔  巴志超  吴聪  朱庆华 《图书情报知识》2020,(3):71-82

[目的/意义]为了深入了解科研众筹平台中的项目情况,本文对科研众筹项目的基本特征、研究主题和不同类型科研众筹项目的属性对比进行研究。[研究设计/方法]首先对科研众筹的起源、价值和运作模式进行了梳理;随后爬取了科研众筹平台Experiment的项目信息,并对该平台中科研项目的发起者、背书者、项目记录、所属学科、资助情况等进行特征描述;基于LDA模型对科研众筹项目主题进一步细化,并对不同资金筹集和不同主题分类情况下的科研众筹项目的属性差异进行比较分析。[结论/发现]科研众筹主题主要集中在生物学和生态学两个领域,不同资金筹集达成情况的科研众筹项目在项目背书者数量、信息记录次数和讨论次数上具有显著差异;不同主题的科研众筹项目在其讨论次数上具有显著差异。同时,是否提供视频和是否参与资助挑战在不同资金筹集达成情况和不同主题的科研众筹项目上均具有显著差异。[创新/价值]深入分析了科研众筹平台中项目主题及属性对比情况,对科研众筹平台优化信息审核机制、社交机制和信息展示机制具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

The effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on landing mechanics: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injuries     

Meghan L. Critchley  Daniel J. Davis  Michaela M. Keener  Jacob S. Layer  Margaret A. Wilson  Qin Zhu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(4):421-437

ABSTRACT

The purpose was to quantify the effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on knee mechanics in a double-leg landing. Eighteen male and 20 female participants completed a jump-landing-jump task in five conditions: no rotation, testing leg ipsilateral or contralateral (WBRC) to the whole-body rotation direction, and testing leg ipsilateral (TRI) or contralateral to the trunk rotation direction. The WBRC and TRI conditions demonstrated decreased knee flexion and increased knee abduction angles at initial contact (2.6 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3) and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and knee adduction moments during the 100 ms after landing (1.7 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3). The TRI condition also showed the greatest knee internal rotation angles at initial contact and peak knee abduction and internal rotation angles and peak knee extension moments during the 100 ms after landing (2.0 > Cohen’s dz > 0.5). Whole-body rotation increased contralateral knee loading because of its primary role in decelerating medial-lateral velocities. Trunk rotation resulted in the greatest knee loading for the ipsilateral knee due to weight shifting and mechanical coupling between the trunk and lower extremities. These findings may help understand altered trunk motion in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.  相似文献   

A women's scientific society in the west. The late eighteenth-century assimilation of science     

Jacob MC  Sturkenboom D 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2003,94(2):217-252

The Natuurkundig Genootschap der Dames (Women's Society for Natural Knowledge), formally established by and for women, met regularly from 1785 to 1881 and sporadically until 1887. It challenges our stereotypes both of women and the physical sciences during the eighteenth century and of the intellectual interests open to women in the early European republics. This essay aims not simply to identify the society and its members but to describe their pursuits and consider what their story adds to the history of Western science. What does this society's existence tell us about the relationship between women and early science in general and about science and society in the Dutch setting in particular? Science and gender look rather different when observed through the activities of the immensely prosperous women of Middelburg, citizens of one of the most highly literate Western countries. The elite lives of the first-generation members of the women's society also offer us a glimpse into the early domestication of science, a process vital to its acceptance and assimilation.  相似文献   

Government management of two media-facilitated crises involving dioxin contamination of food     

Jacob CJ  Lok C  Morley K  Powell DA 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(2):261-269

Incidents become crises through a constant and intense public scrutiny facilitated by the media. Two incidents involving dioxin contamination of food led to crises in Belgium and the Republic of Ireland in 1999 and 2008, respectively. Thought to cause cancer in humans, dioxins reached the food supply in both incidents through the contamination of fat used for animal feed. The food and agricultural industries connected to each incident relied on crisis management activities of federal governments to limit adverse public reaction. Analysis of the management of the two crises by their respective federal governments, and a subsequent review of crisis management literature, led to the development of an effective crisis management model. Such a model, appropriately employed, may insulate industries associated with a crisis against damaged reputations and financial loss.  相似文献   

The Impact of a Professional Development Program on Teachers' Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching,Instruction, and Student Achievement     

Robin Jacob  Heather Hill  Doug Corey 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2017,10(2):379-407

In this paper, we describe findings from a three-year evaluation of a well-developed mathematics professional development program that is commercially available on a wide scale. The professional development is designed to improve teachers' mathematical knowledge for teaching and to enable them to elicit more student thinking and reasoning during mathematics lessons. Specifically, it focused on helping teachers (a) learn more mathematics, (b) understand how children learn math, (c) use formative assessment to develop insight into what specific students know and do not know, and (d) develop effective classroom instructional strategies that enable student problem solving. Participants included 105 fourth- and fifth-grade teachers teaching in 19 low-income schools within a single district. Teachers were randomly assigned within schools either to a “business as usual” control group or to receive the professional development. The training consisted of a week-long summer institute and four to six in-service days during the school year. The training was run by full-time trained associates. We find some limited evidence of positive impacts on teachers' mathematical knowledge for teaching, but no effects on instructional practice or student outcomes.  相似文献   

中小学课程与网上学习的整合探讨     

孟庆伟  巴继伦  刘婷 《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,23(6):55-57

互联网络对传统的学校课程与课堂教学产生了巨大的冲击，传统的学校课程与网上学习的整合成为新的教育研究课题。面对目前中国中小学校园网的现状，针对网络教育的特点，提出了网上学习与课堂学习、发现式学习、研究性学习、创新性学习及协作式学习有机结合的教育模式。  相似文献   

中国教育人类学传统图景的构建与评论     

巴战龙 《当代教育与文化》2020,(1):17-20,46

中国教育人类学是中国人类学学科群中活动最频繁、发展最迅速的分支学科之一,但是长期以来它被看成是改革开放以来的产物,认为其学科史极其短暂,可以叙述但无须研究。陈学金的《中国教育人类学简史》挑战了上述传统观点,不仅开展了较为深入和系统的"中国教育人类学的历史研究",而且提出和论说了若从1905年王国维提出"教育的人类学"的术语和内涵算起,教育人类学在中国已有上百年学科史的新锐观点。从历史和现实相交织的视角出发清晰和准确地界定何谓教育人类学,是分析和论述教育人类学存在与发展的合法性的基本前提,因而在未来的教育人类学的发展进程中,这本学科史的先驱性著作是"绕不开的研究",必将占有重要的学术地位。  相似文献   

Seeing Merit as a Vehicle for Opportunity and Equity: Youth Respond to School Choice Policy     

Phillippo  Kate  Griffin  Briellen  Del Dotto  B. Jacob  Lennix  Crystal  Tran  Ha 《The Urban Review》2021,53(4):591-616

The Urban Review - School choice policy is ubiquitous in urban school districts. Evidence suggests that it has not fully delivered on its proponents’ promises of equitable educational...  相似文献   

重放的鲜花 迟暮的春色——试论《重放的鲜花》的文学史意义     

巴陇锋  王晨爽 《十堰职业技术学院学报》2006,19(2):1-6

《重放的鲜花》的结集出版,使“百花时代”的“毒草”得以散发芳香,然而,“明日黄花”、“隔代的春色”不免给人迟暮之感,它在给人忧伤的同时也给当代人以多方面的启示。本文从“史”的角度探讨《重放的鲜花》的文本渊源、文学价值及其影响。  相似文献   

Re-referral to child protective services: the influence of child, family, and case characteristics on risk status   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Connell CM  Bergeron N  Katz KH  Saunders L  Tebes JK 《Child abuse & neglect》2007,31(5):573-588

INTRODUCTION: This study examines child, family, and case characteristics that impact rates of re-referral to Child Protective Services (CPS) using data on all closed CPS investigations for the state of Rhode Island between 2001 and 2004. METHOD: A longitudinal dataset of all referrals to CPS was created using state submissions to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS). After excluding children whose initial CPS investigation resulted in removal from the home, a Cox proportional hazards model was tested to examine factors impacting the likelihood of re-referral. RESULTS: Consistent with other research in this area, the initial 6-month period following case disposition is the period of greatest risk of re-referral. Approximately 13% of cases experienced a recurrent allegation during the first 6-month period; an additional 14% experienced a re-referral over the following 12-month period; 7% during the next 12-month period. Family poverty was the strongest predictor of re-referral, though a number of child and case characteristics were significantly related to recurrence. Cases that were substantiated at index were significantly less likely to result in a new allegation, though substantiated cases of physical abuse or those receiving post-investigation services were at higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: Children from families facing multiple stressors (e.g., low SES, parental substance abuse child disability) are at highest risk of re-referral to CPS and may benefit from the development of preventive services targeted immediately following case closings within CPS.  相似文献