Establishing reliability of biomechanical data using univariate and multivariate approaches     

M A Looney  S L Smith  S Srinivasan 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1990,61(2):154-161

The purpose of this study was to use generalizability theory with both univariate and multivariate approaches to examine reliability of total body center of mass (CM) values calculated from cinematographical data. Twenty-eight college-aged male volunteers were filmed by a LOCAM camera at 100 fps while performing the basic locomotion skill of walking. Film analysis was conducted on each subject using six frames of film depicting a one-stride walking cycle consisting of right heel strike, right foot flat, left toe-off, left heel strike, left foot flat, and right toe-off. Nineteen segmental endpoints and a reference point were digitized by three experienced plotters. The digitizing sequence was replicated three times by each plotter. A FORTRAN program calculated nine CM values (three plotters by three repetitions) for each subject filmed in each of the six positions of the stride. The x- and y-coordinates of the CM values were the dependent variables analyzed by fully crossed 3-way univariate and multivariate ANOVAs (subjects by plotters by repetitions). All measurement facets were considered to be random. Results indicate that there was very little repetition error but considerable interplotter error for most frames. Phi-coefficients for x- and y-coordinates, separately, fluctuated across frames. The univariate values for the x-coordinates were similar but slightly less than the multivariate values. The Phi-coefficients for Y, however, were considerably lower than the multivariate values. The multivariate Phi-coefficients for generalizing over three plotters and three repetitions ranged from .82 to .90.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

VDR,RXR, Coronin-1 and Interferonγ Levels in PBMCs of Type-2 Diabetes Patients: Molecular Link between Diabetes and Tuberculosis     

Kirtimaan Syal  Anand Srinivasan  Dibyajyoti Banerjee 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(3):323-328

Diabetes and tuberculosis are world’s most deadly epidemics. People suffering from diabetes are susceptible to tuberculosis. Molecular link between the two is largely unknown. It is known that Vitamin A receptor (RXR) heterodimerizes with Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-γ (PPARγ) to regulate Tryptophan-aspartate containing coat protein (TACO) expression and fatty acid metabolism respectively, so it would be interesting to check the expression of these genes in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients which might explain the susceptibility of diabetics to tuberculosis. In this study, we checked the expression of RXR, VDR, TACO and Interferon-γ (IFNγ) genes in type-2 DM patients for understanding the link between the two diseases. We observed down regulation of RXR gene and corresponding up regulation of TACO gene expression. We have not observed significant change in expression of VDR and IFNγ genes in type-2 DM patients. Repression of RXR gene could hamper VDR-RXR heterodimer formation and thus would up regulate TACO gene expression which may predispose the type-2 DM patients to tuberculosis. Also, decrease in RXR-PPARγ heterodimer could be involved in DM.  相似文献   

What Tahrir Square Has Done for Social Media: A 2012 Snapshot in the Struggle for Political Power in Egypt     

Ramesh Srinivasan 《The Information Society》2014,30(1):71-80

While the debate rages on the role of social media technologies in the initial days of the Egyptian revolution of 2011, a more relevant research question today is the role of social media within an increasingly contested and turbulent political sphere. This article identifies three key modes by which social media is being exploited to impact political power, and uncovers the salience of each of these through 2 years of multisited ethnographies and interviews. First, I argue that political actors across the political spectrum, from liberals to Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan), are using technologies to build wider ranging, heterogeneous, and diverse networks of supporters, expanding their base from a more historically homogeneous core support group. Second, I argue that actors are working to build bridges between older and newer media platforms, recognizing that each platform is increasingly being shaped by the other. Finally, I describe some of the ways that technology is being used by activists to subvert their competition, promoting campaigns of misinformation and hacking at the expense of others.  相似文献   

Delineation of the Structural Elements of Oriental Liver Fluke PLA2 Isoforms for Potent Drug Designing     

Gururao Hariprasad  Divya Kota  Sundararajan Baskar Singh  Alagiri Srinivasan  Souparno Adhikary 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(4):430-441

Clonorchis sinensis or the Chinese liver fluke is one of the most prevalent parasites affecting a major population in the oriental countries. The parasite lacks lipid generating mechanisms but is exposed to fatty acid rich bile in the liver. A secretory phospholipase A₂, an enzyme that breaks down complex lipids, is important for the growth of the parasite. The enzyme is also implicated in the pathogenesis leading up to the hepatic fibrosis and its complications including cancer. The five isoforms of this particular enzyme from the parasite therefore qualify as potential drug targets. In this study, a detailed structural and ligand binding analysis of the isoforms has been done by modeling. The overall three dimensional structures of the isoforms are well conserved with three helices and a β-wing stabilized by four disulfide bonds. There are characteristic differences at the calcium binding loop, hydrophobic channel and the C-terminal domain that can potentially be exploited for drug binding. But the most significant feature pertains to the catalytic site where the isoforms exhibit three variations of either a histidine-aspartate-tyrosine or histidine-glutamate-tyrosine or histidine-aspartate-phenylalanine. Molecular docking studies show that isoform specific residues and their conformations in the substrate binding hydrophobic channel make unique interactions with certain inhibitor molecules resulting in a perfect tight fit. The proposed ligand molecules have a predicted affinity in micro-molar to nano-molar range. Interestingly, few of the ligand binding interaction patterns is in accordance to the phylogenetic studies to thereby establish the usefulness of evolutionary mechanisms in aiding ligand design. The molecular diversity of the parasitic PLA₂ described in this study provides a platform for personalized medicine in the therapeutics of clonorchiasis.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12291-013-0377-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Health informatics program design and outcomes: Learning from an early offering at a mid-level university     

Kevin R. Parker  Sankara Subramanian Srinivasan  Robert F. Houghton  Nima Kordzadeh  Karoly Bozan  Thomas Ottaway  Bill Davey 《Education and Information Technologies》2017,22(4):1497-1513

Curriculum development is particularly challenging in computing-related disciplines as the computing industry changes more quickly than most. As information technology degrees have become relatively pervasive, some institutions that offer information systems degrees have recognized a need to develop specialist studies in information systems. This detailed case study shows the forces related to a successful implementation of new Health Informatics degrees. The case describes both an unsuccessful and then a successful attempt at essentially the same curriculum development. Although the case includes some local political factors, these represent typical considerations that a curriculum developer is likely to encounter.  相似文献   

Putative Role of Cardio Metabolic Risk Among Poorly Controlled Asthmatics in South Indian Population     

Murugaiyan Sathish Babu  K. P. Sreesoorya  Surendra K. Menon  Subiman Saha  A. R. Srinivasan  S. Arul Vijaya Vani  R. Reeta  V. Kuzhandai Velu 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):225-229

Mortality and morbidity attributed to asthma remains to be the biggest nightmare worldwide. Hence, the study was aimed to compare the cardio metabolic risk factors as assessed by Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), serum triacylglycerol and uric acid in well controlled and poorly controlled asthmatics and to correlate these parameters with the severity of asthma. A case control study was conducted on 90 subjects who were segregated into well controlled asthmatics (n = 30) and poorly controlled asthmatics (n = 30) who were diagnosed based on Global initiative for Asthma management guidelines and healthy volunteers (n = 30). Centrifuged fasting venous blood samples were used for biochemical analysis, pulmonary function test, BMI, and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 17. There was a significant increase in BMI, WHR, lipid profile, serum uric acid and decrease in forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC in poorly controlled asthmatics. There was a significant association between FEV1 and serum uric acid, BMI and Triacylgycerol in poorly controlled asthmatics. Poorly controlled asthmatics have greater risk of developing cardiometabolic problems. Serum uric acid can be used as one of the severity markers in asthma to assess cardio metabolic risk.  相似文献   

Bridges Between Cultural and Digital Worlds in Revolutionary Egypt     

Ramesh Srinivasan 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):49-60

Networks are both imagined and directly experienced. While most people have trouble concretely explaining what networks are and how they structure our world, very few doubt their prominence in an increasingly globalized world where information moves at a dizzying pace. Networks speak to the link between the local and global—linking an event in a small village in Tunisia to the evening news in London. Yet they bind peoples and ideas not only across distance, but also in proximity. How are such networks imagined by peoples across dimensions of class, religion, gender, and generation in the dynamic environment that is revolutionary Egypt today? This article presents initial findings from initial ethnographic and interview-focused fieldwork conducted with Egyptians across a range of demographics. It presents insights around how technological, institutional, and human networks coordinate to present convergent and divergent actions, insights that shape an ever-changing Egyptian political reality.  相似文献   

Where Information Society and Community Voice Intersect     

Ramesh Srinivasan 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):355-365

Information and communication technology (ICT) development initiatives have begun to acknowledge the power and importance of cultural and community-focused belief systems. Yet the vast majority of such initiatives tend to preidentify developmental goals that communities hold. Paulo Freire's writings have influenced development initiatives by introducing the possibility of working with communities to orient projects. While these “participatory” initiatives have involved soliciting community feedback relative to a research project whose goals were formulated in the university or development institution, they do not go far enough to harness actual visions held by communities. It is important to conceptualize a model and methodology of engaging communities to develop and articulate their own goals of information access and ultimately, an indigenous approach toward cultural, political, and economic aspects of development. This approach holds promise to sustain communities within a return on the investment and efforts of the researcher or institution. This article closes by describing a current initiative in Southern India that reflects the described methodology.  相似文献   

Sadi Carnot and the second law of thermodynamics     

J Srinivasan 《Resonance》2001,6(11):42-48

The second law of thermodynamics is one of the enigmatic laws of physics. Sadi Carnot, a French engineer played an important role in its discovery in the 19th century. We recount here how he proposed the basic postulates of this law although he did not fully understand the first law of thermodynamics.  相似文献   

Computer based modelling and simulation     

N. K. Srinivasan 《Resonance》2001,6(4):69-77

Most systems involve parameters and variables, which are random variables due to uncertainties. Probabilistic methods are powerful in modelling such systems. In this second part, we describe probabilistic models and Monte Carlo simulation along with ‘classical’ matrix methods and differential equations as most real situations are complex (with several variables) and involve uncertainties.  相似文献