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Individual Differences in Emotional Reactivity and Academic Achievement: A Psychophysiological Study
Sara Scrimin Gianmarco Alto Ughetta Moscardino Massimiliano Pastore Lucia Mason 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2016,10(1):34-46
Factors related to grade point average (GPA) are of great importance for students' success. Yet, little is known about the impact of individual differences in emotional reactivity on students' academic performance. We aimed to examine the emotional reactivity–GPA link and to assess whether self‐esteem and psychological distress moderate this relationship. Eighty undergraduate students reported on their GPA, self‐esteem, and psychological distress. Students' pupil radius was monitored during affective picture viewing to assess sympathetic activation in response to emotional stimuli. Cluster analysis on pupil reactivity to pictures identified low, average, and high emotionally reactive students. Regression analyses indicated that profiles of emotional reactivity were associated with GPA. This relationship was moderated by self‐esteem, but not psychological distress. Among students with higher emotional reactivity, those with lower self‐esteem reported poorer GPA. Findings document the importance of differences in students' emotional reactivity and self‐esteem in relation to academic success. 相似文献
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Student‐Generated Pre‐Exam Questions is an Effective Tool for Participatory Learning: A Case Study from Ecology of Waterborne Pathogens Course 
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下载免费PDF全文 Max Teplitski Tracy Irani Cory J. Krediet Mariachiara Di Cesare Massimiliano Marvasi 《Journal of Food Science Education》2018,17(3):76-84
This multiyear study helps elucidate how the instructional practice of student‐generated questions support learning in a blended classroom in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics subjects. Students designed multiple‐choice pre‐exam questions aimed at higher levels of learning, according to Bloom's taxonomy. Student‐generated questions were edited by the instructor and then discussed by the students in the classroom and in an online forum. We tested the hypothesis that this intervention improves student learning, measured as student achievement on the exam following the intervention, and compared to student achievement on the traditional exam (prior to which a review session focused on instructor‐led recitation of the key concepts). Following the intervention in all years, average grade on the post‐intervention exam increased by 7.44%. It is important to point out that not all students benefited equally from this activity. Students who were in the 4th quintile (60% to 80%) based on the results of the 1st exam demonstrated the highest achievement improving their performance on average by 12.37% percentage points (measured as a score on the 2nd exam). Gains were not observed in the semesters when the intervention was not implemented. In this study we provided students detailed instructions on how to design questions that focus on testing higher levels of learning. 相似文献
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Pau M Loi A Pezzotta MC 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(1):97-107
The aim of this investigation is to assess the effectiveness of a 6-week balance training (BT) protocol, integrated in regular training sessions, on postural sway of young female volleyball players (n = 26, age 13.0 +/- 0.2 years) divided into two groups (intervention and control; 13 per group). Trials were performed for bipedal and unipedal stance conditions before and after the BT protocol, using a pressure platform to collect center-of-pressure (COP) time series that were processed to calculate sway area, COP path length, and maximum displacement range in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. The intervention group exhibited smaller sway areas in eyes closed conditions (intervention = 42.76 mm2, control = 67.60 mm2; p < 0.05) and Romberg quotients (intervention = 1.11 mm, control = 1.82 mm) in bipedal stance, while all the other parameters were unaffected. BT also reduced sway area (intervention = 122.70 mm2, control = 187.18 mm2) and anteroposterior COP displacements (intervention = 20.18 mm, control = 22.38 mm) of the non-dominant limb for single-leg stance. No significant change was found for the dominant limb. Although it is possible to hypothesize a beneficial effect of BT on young athletes, further investigations are required to clarify its actual effect on balance performance with respect to normal volleyball training. 相似文献
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Aurélio Faria Ronaldo Gabriel Helena Moreira Tanya Camacho Rui Brás Massimiliano Ditroilo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(4):483-490
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of fatigue on musculoarticular stiffness (MAS) of the ankle joint across sexes. Methods: Twenty-seven males and 26 females participated in the study. After baseline assessment of MAS and related variables, localised fatigue was induced in triceps surae using the standing heel-rise test during which the subjects were instructed to lift and drop the heel at a frequency of 0.5?Hz. When subjects were unable to continue due to exhaustion the test was terminated and another MAS test was performed soon after. Results: Significant higher triceps surae MAS was found in men compared to women (p?p??1 and from 14.5 to 13.9?KN?m?1 in men and women, respectively. Percentage changes revealed, however, that in relative terms the changes in all the variables evaluated were similar (p?>?.01) between sexes, with MAS less than 5%. Conclusion: Despite the sex-related differences at baseline, fatigue seems to affect biomechanical properties of the ankle joint similarly in men and women. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that, during adolescence, antisocial behavior becomes positively associated with peer acceptance. This hypothesis was tested considering both classroom and out-of-class peer relations. Data from a previously published study, with a cross-sectional sample of 577 Italian 11- to 13-year-olds, were used. Analyses showed that in the 6th grade antisocial behavior was negatively related to classroom peer preference, but not significantly related to out-of-class peer inclusion. By the 8th grade, antisocial behavior was positively related to out-of-class peer inclusion, but not significantly related to classroom peer preference. Similar results were found for males and females. The higher level of peer acceptance among the 8th grade antisocial individuals was primarily due to nominations received by other antisocial individuals. 相似文献
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Piero Benelli Franca Colasanti Massimiliano Ditroilo Antonio Cuesta-Vargas Giorgio Gatta Francesco Giacomini 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):268-277
AbstractNon-motorised underwater treadmills are commonly used in fitness activities. However, no studies have examined physiological and biomechanical responses of walking on non-motorised treadmills at different intensities and depths. Fifteen middle-aged healthy women underwent two underwater walking tests at two different depths, immersed either up to the xiphoid process (deep water) or the iliac crest (shallow water), at 100, 110, 120, 130 step-per-minute (spm). Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion and step length were determined. Compared to deep water, walking in shallow water exhibited, at all intensities, significantly higher VO2 (+13.5%, on average) and HR (+8.1%, on average) responses. Water depth did not influence lactate concentration, whereas perceived exertion was higher in shallow compared to deep water, solely at 120 (+40%) and 130 (+39.4%) spm. Average step length was reduced as the intensity increased (from 100 to 130 spm), irrespective of water depth. Expressed as a percentage of maximum, average VO2 and HR were: 64–76% of peak VO2 and 71–90% of maximum HR, respectively at both water depths. Accordingly, this form of exercise can be included in the “vigorous” range of exercise intensity, at any of the step frequencies used in this study. 相似文献
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Use of the Internet in Italy is in its early stages. Social representation and public discourse spread by mass media have emphasised the risks for children, at the expense of its opportunities. Such concerns are today largely hypothetical. This paper presents the initial results of an exploratory research project, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, aimed at investigating the use of the Internet by children in a number of areas, mainly within the family and at school. The study found that children using the Internet as pioneers at home belong to a privileged elite, provided by the family with appropriate instruments and adequate technical and cultural resources. Far from being abandoned to the Internet, such children are supervised and led by parents-indeed often too much, as they are left little room to explore cyberspace independently. The establishment of the Internet in schools is rapid, but faces structural inadequacies while the use made of it is not always in keeping with its particular characteristics. L'emploi d'Internet en Italie se trouve encore dans sa phase initiale. Une analyse menée sur le plan social et le débat public renforcépar les mass media ont révélél'existence de risques pour les enfants au détriment des potentiels offerts par l'Internet. Actuellement nous n'en sommes qu'au stade d'hypothèses. Cet article présente les premiers résultats d'un projet de recherche dont l'objectif est d'étudier l'usage que font les enfants d'Internet, principalement dans les milieux de la famille et de l'école, et ce aussi bien d'un point de vue qualitatif que quantitatif. Cette étude a révéléque les enfants qui naviguent en pionniers sur Internet à la maison, appartiennent à la catégorie des privilégiés dotés, par les familles, d'instruments opportuns mais aussi de ressources techniques et culturelles. En effet ces enfants sont loin d'être abandonnés sur le réseau, mais bien guidés et contrôlés par leurs parents, parfois même d'une façon excessive puisqu'on ne leur laisse guère la possibilitéd'explorer de façon autonome le cyberespace. La diffusion d'Internet dans les écoles est assez rapide malgré le manque de structures, alors que l'usage que l'on en fait ne correspond pas toujours à ses caractéristiques particulières. El uso de Internet en Italia se encuentra actualmente en una fase inicial. El análisis del plano social y el debate público mantenido por los medios de comunicación, han puesto en evidencia posibles riesgos para los niños, en detrimento de las oportunidades que se ofrecen. En la actualidad se trata de preocupaciones hipotéticas. Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados de un proyecto de investigación realizado con el objetivo de estudiar el uso de Internet por parte de los niños principalmente en el ámbito de la familia y de la escuela, utilizando un doble enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. El estudio ha puesto en evidencia que los niños que utilizan Internet como pioneros en casa pertenecen a una categoría privilegiada, dotada de instrumentos apropriados asícomo de adecuados recursos técnicos y culturales. A estos niños no sólo no se les deja abandonados en la red, sino que reciben seguimiento y supervisión constante de los padres, a menudo en modo excesivo, en la medida que se les dejan pocas oportunidades para explorar por ellos mismos el ciberespacio. Si bien la difusión de Internet en las escuelas se produce con gran rapidez a pesar de las carencias estructurales, el uso que se hace de Internet no siempre toma en cuenta las posibilidades que éste ofrece. Die Benutzung von Internet in Italien befindet sich in seiner Anfangsphase. Die von den Medien übermittelte soziale Darstellung und öffentliche Auseinandersetzung hat die Risiken für Kinder hervorgehoben, auf Kosten seiner Möglichkeiten. Solche Bedenken sind heutzutage grösstenteils hypothetisch. Diese Studie enthält die ersten Ergebnisse eines untersuchenden Forschungsprojektes, dessen Ziel darin besteht, die Benutzung von Internet durch Kinder auf verschiedenen Gebieten zu untersuchen, hauptsächlich innnerhalb der Familie und in der Schule, mit einem sowie quantitativen als auch qualitativen Ansatz. Diese Untersuchung stellte fest, dass Kinder, die als Pioniere zu Hause Internet benutzt haben, zu einer ausgewählten Elite gehören, die von der Familie durch passende Instrumente und angemessene technische und kulturelle Mitteln unterstützt wurden. Auch wenn sie nicht dem Netz völlig überlassen werden, werden diese Kinder doch zu sehr von ihren Eltern überwacht und geleitet, so dass ihnen wenig Zeit bleibt unabhängig den Cyberspace auf eigene Faust zu erkundigen. Die Verbreitung von Internet in den Schulen geht ziemlich schnell vor sich an, trifft jedoch auf strukturelle Schwierigkeiten wobei sein Gebrauch nicht immer den spezifischen Eigenschaften entspricht. 相似文献
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