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Eva V. Monsma 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):411-416
Abstract This study was to determine the effect of varying degrees of participation in physical education on achievement in selected characteristics. Subjects for the study were college women. One group was assigned to participate in the required program for one year, a second group for two years; a third group was not enrolled in physical education; a fourth group was given the option of electing or not electing physical education. Characteristics studied were knowledge, posture, recreational proficiency, and some aspects of physical fitness. At the end of one year, participators differed significantly from non-participators in posture, knowledge, and pull-ups. At the end of two years, those required to participate differed significantly from all other subjects in posture and knowledge. There was some evidence that the two-year group was superior in performance on some aspects of fitness. Participators were judged to be generally more proficient in recreational activities than nonparticipators who claimed proficiency. 相似文献
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In the present study, we examined developmental and contextual factors that may increase the odds of reporting higher social physique anxiety (SPA) among 404 adolescent athletes 11 to 16 years old. Findings showed older, later maturing athletes past peak height velocity and with greater body mass index (BMI) reported higher SPA. Individual aesthetic sport athletes were older at menarche, had lower BMI, and reported higher SPA. The odds of reporting higher SPA were 4.5 times higher (odds ratio = 4.61) for individual aesthetic sport athletes than for nonaesthetic sport athletes. Team aesthetic sport contexts were not implicated in SPA risk. Results are discussed in terms of self-selection away from individual aesthetic sports and the relevance of physical size and puberty in the SPA construct. 相似文献
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Eva V. Monsma Karin A. Pfeiffer Robert M. Malina 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):417-422
ABSTRACTPurpose: Maximal heart rate (MHR) is an important physiologic tool for prescribing and monitoring exercise in both clinical and athletic settings. However, prediction equations developed in adults may have limited accuracy in youth. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and analyze the available evidence regarding the validity of commonly used age-based MHR prediction equations among children and adolescents. Methods: Included articles were peer-reviewed, published in English, and compared measured to predicted MHR in male and female participants <18 years old. The standardized mean difference effect size (ES) was used to quantify the accuracy of age-predicted MHR values and a priori moderators were examined to identify potential sources of variability. Results: The cumulative results of 20 effects obtained from seven articles revealed that prediction equations did not accurately estimate MHR (ES= 0.44, p < .05) by 6.3 bpm (bpm). Subgroup analyses indicated that the Fox equation (MHR = 220–age) overestimated MHR by 12.4 bpm (ES = 0.95, p < .05), whereas the Tanaka equation (MHR = 208–0.7*age) underestimated MHR by 2.7 bpm (ES = ?0.34, p < .05). Conclusions: Age-based MHR equations derived from adult populations are not applicable to children. However, if the use of age-based equations cannot be avoided, we recommend using the Tanaka equation, keeping in mind the range of error reported in this study. Future research should control for potential pubertal influences on sympathetic modulation during exercise to facilitate the development of more age-appropriate methods for prescribing exercise intensity. 相似文献
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