Screening for risk of low energy availability in athletic and recreationally active females in Ireland     

Danielle M. Logue  Sharon M. Madigan  Mirjam Heinen  Sarah-Jane McDonnell  Eamonn Delahunt  Clare A. Corish 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):112-122

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Low energy availability (LEA) results in physiological adaptations, which can contribute to unfavourable health outcomes. Little information exists on risk of LEA in active individuals competing in different sports or levels of competition. The aims of this study were to (1) identify risk of LEA in females competing at different levels of competition and (2) investigate associations between risk of LEA, illness and dietary habits. Methods: The validated questionnaire, ‘Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire’ was distributed online (November 2016–February 2017) to assess risk of LEA. Twenty-nine additional questions collected information on demographics, illness history and dietary habits. Participants were considered at risk of LEA if they attained a score of?≥?8 and were grouped into: (i) international; (ii) provincial/inter-county; (iii) competitive; and (iv) recreationally active. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to explore differences between those at risk or not at risk of LEA. Results: Risk of LEA was identified in 40% (n?=?331) of 833 participants and was 1.7 and 1.8 times more likely in international and provincial/inter-county athletes compared to those who were recreationally active (International: odds ratios (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 1.12–2.54; Provincial/inter-county: OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.20–2.77). In participants at risk of LEA, missing >22 days of training during the previous year due to illness occurred 3 times more frequently (OR 3.01, 95%CI 1.81–5.02). Conclusion: Risk of LEA was widespread in this heterogeneous sample. Awareness of LEA and the development of appropriate energy management strategies to ensure athlete health across levels of competition are required.  相似文献   

Modern dietary guidelines for healthy pregnancy; maximising maternal and foetal outcomes and limiting excessive gestational weight gain     

Kirsty Jayne Elliott-Sale  Ashley Graham  Stephanie Jane Hanley  Sherry Blumenthal  Craig Sale 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):62-70

Abstract

Maternal dietary habits influence maternal and foetal health, representing a pathway for intervention to maximise pregnancy outcomes. Advice on energy intake is provided on a trimester basis, with no additional calories required in the first trimester and an additional 340?kcal?d^?1 and 452?kcal?d^?1 needed for the second and third trimesters. Energy intake depends on pre-gravid body mass index (BMI); underweight women are recommended an increase of 150, 200 and 300?kcal?d^?1 during the first, second and third trimester, normal weight women an increase of 0, 350 and 500?kcal?d^?1 and obese women an increase of 0, 450 and 350?kcal?day^?1. The recommendations for carbohydrate and protein intake are 175?g?d^?1 and 0.88–1.1?g?kgBM?d^?1, with no change to fat intake. The number of pre-gravid obese women is rising; therefore, we need to regulate weight in women of childbearing age and limit gestational weight gain to within the recommended ranges [overweight women 6.8–11.3?kg and obese women 5.0–9.1?kg]. This can be achieved using nutritional interventions, as dietary changes have been shown to help with gestational weight management. As pregnancy has been identified as a risk factor for the development of obesity, normal weight women should gain 11.5–16.0?kg during pregnancy. While some research has shown that dietary interventions help to regulate gestational weight gain and promote postpartum weight loss to some extent, future research is needed to provide safe and effective guidelines to maximise these effects, while benefitting maternal and foetal health.  相似文献   

西南地区少数民族大学生体格营养状况的度量研究--体质评价理论与方法研究     

何江川  杨放  刘靖南 《首都体育学院学报》2004,16(4):114-115,128

把西南地区少数民族学生的体格营养指数作为一个连续型的随机变量进行正态性检验，研究表明：6个体格营养指数都服从正态分布，根据正态分布理论制定出综合测量少数民族大学生体格营养状的度量标准。  相似文献   

赛艇运动员生化指标的研究进展     

燕永汉 《湖北体育科技》2008,27(6):732-733

对近年国内公开发表的赛艇队员生化指标研究的论文进行综述。结果发现：目前对赛艇队员血色素、尿素氮、肌酸激酶、血乳酸等生化指标研究已有较多科研成果，对免疫和内分泌系统，以及运动员选材、运动营养等方面综合考虑的生化指标研究也有更多地关注和研究。  相似文献   

通识课《营养学》全英文教学的实践与反思     

李锐  黄婷婷  王素青  马露 《教育教学论坛》2015,(29)

通识课《营养学》四年约1300名学生的全英文教学实践表明,学生的英语水平是限制营养学教学效果的主要因素,但针对学生学习兴趣和需求进行课程内容的设计能够极大地调动学生学习的积极性,提升学习效果。建议学校引导学生在通识课程选修前,系统地了解所选课程的性质、授课对象、课程目标、课程大纲等,使课程的选修更具有针对性,提高教学的效果。  相似文献   

Effect of three cooking methods on nutrient components and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys praecox C.D. Chu et C.S. Chao)     

Zhang JJ  Ji R  Hu YQ  Chen JC  Ye XQ 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(9):752-759

Three cooking methods, namely boiling, steaming, and stir-frying for 5 to 10 min, were used to evaluate the effect on nutrient components, free amino acids, l-ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). Results showed that boiling and stir-frying had a great effect on the nutrient components and they decreased the contents of protein, soluble sugar, and ash, and caused a great loss in the total free amino acids (decreased by 38.35% and 34.86%, respectively). Significant differences (P<0.05) in free amino acids were observed in the samples cooked by different methods. Stir-fried bamboo shoots had a high fat content which increased by 528.57% because of the addition of edible oil. After boiling, the L-ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were significantly reduced, while steaming increased total phenolic content by 3.98% and stir-frying well-preserved L-ascorbic acid (78.87% of its previous content). Results of the antioxidative property study showed that stir-frying could increase antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots. It is concluded that stir-frying is more suitable for bamboo shoots because it could obtain the maximum retention of antioxidant capacities.  相似文献   

四川省地震灾区婴幼儿营养监测状况分析     

李晓杰 《科学中国人》2014,(8):92-95

作者通过对四川省青川县和彭州市两个地震灾区6-24个月龄婴幼儿健康状况的统计分析,发现该地区生长发育状况不佳,存在营养不良现象,其中贫血率较高。经过对比进行营养包6个月干预后的人群统计分析,发现营养状况稍得到改善,其中彭州市目标人群贫血改善明显,由此提出面对四川其它或其它类似贫困地震地区,由于贫困,天灾必然加剧受灾人群的营养状况,特别是贫血率状况,针对这些地区的求援,必须紧迫加强营养包的干预,而且需要持续性的干预,比较可靠的预算应该在灾难期6个月以上方有一定的作用,同时必要的管理措施有利于保证营养干预对象的稳定性,提高营养干预的有效性的。  相似文献   

竞技健美操运动员运动性疲劳与营养恢复探究     

韩孟孟  朱赛  吴晓红 《搏击·武术科学》2014,(2):114-116

针对竞技健美操运动员产生疲劳的特点,文章采用文献资料法,专家访谈法,现场观察法,针对健美操运动员运动性疲劳的产生原因及消除方法进行了全面的调查研究与分析,并从运动营养学的角度对此提出行之有效的措施,最大可能地在最短时间内,运动员可以消除运动性疲劳,加快机体的恢复,从而保证运动员的训练可以正常进行。  相似文献   

冰雪项目运动员免疫机能抑制与营养干预研究综述     

李晓琳 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2014,(3):10-13

为了给冰雪项目运动员安排科学合理的训练,进而有效提高运动成绩提供详实的理论依据,本文以文献资料法对冰雪项目运动员免疫机能抑制机制与营养干预手段进行了研究综述。通过整理分析发现,冰雪项目运动员为克服低温、大强度训练对机体造成的影响,在膳食中应注意糖、蛋白质、脂肪的摄入比例,同时注意加强维生素E、维生素C、维生素A等维生素和锌、铁、硒等微量元素的摄入。中成药以其疗效确切、副作用小的特点,在运动医学领域应用日趋广泛,必要时可以适当运用。  相似文献   

‘We Have to Go Where the Money Is’—Dilemmas in the Role of Nutrition Scientists: An Interview Study     

Anna Paldam Folker  Lotte Holm  Peter Sandøe 《Minerva》2009,47(2):217-236

In Western societies scientists are increasingly expected to seek media exposure and cooperate with industry. Little attention has been given to the way such expectations affect the role of scientific experts in society. To investigate scientists’ own perspectives on these issues eight exploratory, in-depth interviews were conducted in Denmark with reputable nutrition scientists. Additionally, eight interviews were held with ‘key informants’ from the field of nutrition policy. It was found that nutrition scientists experience two dilemmas: first, between their aspiration to make a collective impact on public health and the powerful incentives of each to appear frequently in the media with new messages; second, between their need to cooperate with the food industry for financial reasons and their fear that this may compromise their independence and scientific integrity. It is argued that the dilemmas identified in this study should be dealt with openly by the relevant groups of scientists.  相似文献