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1.
Abstract Researchers have postulated that hope may be an important factor associated with burnout. Consistent with hope theory contentions, low-hope individuals may be susceptible to burnout because they are prone to experience goal blockage, frustration, and negative affect, all of which likely increase the risk of burnout. We examined the relationship between hope and athlete burnout among 178 competitive athletes (63 females and 115 males) aged 15–20 years. Hope was significantly and negatively correlated with all three burnout subscales: emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation. Moreover, results of a multivariate analysis of variance showed that low-hope athletes scored significantly higher than medium- and high-hope athletes on all three burnout dimensions. Finally, results revealed that agency thinking was a significant predictor of all burnout dimensions. Frustration over unmet goals and a perceived lack of agency, a characteristic of low-hope athletes, might pose a risk factor in athlete burnout, whereas being able to maintain hope appears to be associated with health and well-being. 相似文献
2.
目的进一步观察谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gin)对过度训练大鼠肠粘膜屏障功能的保护作用并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:120只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为普通训练组(C组)(n=30)(作为对照组)、补充Gln 普通训练组(CG组)(n=30)、过度训练组(O组)(n=30)和补充Gln 过度训练组(OG组)(n=30)。采用模拟过度训练大鼠模型,应用形态学手段结合免疫组化和放射免疫技术,观测肠道形态、固有层IgA浆细胞、粘液IgA、Ⅱ型磷脂酶A2(Ⅱ型PLA2)和溶菌酶分泌等指标的变化情况。结果Gln能明显减轻过度训练大鼠肠粘膜结构损伤。OG组IgA浆细胞计数及其平均吸光度、粘液IA含量、Ⅱ型PLA2水平和溶菌酶含量与O组比较,显著增加(P<0.01)。结论Gln可能通过刺激大鼠小肠肠壁分泌Ⅱ型PLA2和溶菌酶的作用来维护过度训练大鼠肠粘膜屏障功能。 相似文献
3.
通过文献资料研究方法对过度训练定义、种类和产生机制进行归纳和总结,并对当前各学科在研究过度训练这一问题时所面临的阻碍进行归纳和分析,以期使我们对过度训练有一个更加系统、全面和深刻的认识,帮助我们在运动训练实践中能更好地应对过度训练。 相似文献
4.
We investigated how cytokines are implicated with overtraining syndrome (OTS) in athletes during a prolonged period of recovery. Plasma IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, adipokine leptin, and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations were measured in overtrained (OA: 5 men, 2 women) and healthy control athletes (CA: 5 men, 5 women) before and after exercise to volitional exhaustion. Measurements were conducted at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Inflammatory cytokines did not differ between groups at rest. However, resting leptin concentration was lower in OA than CA at every measurement (P < 0.050) but was not affected by acute exercise. Although IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations increased with exercise in both groups (P < 0.050), pro-inflammatory IL-1β concentration increased only in OA (P < 0.050) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was greater in CA (P < 0.001). In OA, exercise-related IL-6 and TNF-α induction was enhanced during the follow-up (P < 0.050). IGF-1 decreased with exercise in OA (P < 0.050); however, no differences in resting IGF-1 were observed. In conclusion, low leptin level at rest and a pro-inflammatory cytokine response to acute exercise may reflect a chronic maladaptation state in overtrained athletes. In contrast, the accentuation of IL-6 and TNF-α responses to acute exercise seemed to associate with the progression of recovery from overtraining. 相似文献
5.
大负荷运动对大鼠血清OPG、sRANKL、骨代谢及骨量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究大负荷运动对大鼠血清OPG、sRANKL、骨代谢生化因子(OC、ALP和TRAP)、骨密度(BMD)和骨量(BMC)的影响,20只6周龄大鼠随机分成2组:①对照组(Control group,CtrG)10只;②7周大负荷训练组(Overtraining group,OtrG)10只:进行7周的跑台训练。实验结束后所有大鼠处死并测定血清OPG、sRANKL、骨钙素(OC)、骨碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)。同时测定股骨、腰椎BMD、BMC。结果表明经过7周大负荷运动训练,OtrG组大鼠股骨BMC、BMD及腰椎BMC明显低于CtrG组大鼠。OtrG组大鼠血清OPG水平明显低于CtrG组,而sRANKL却高于CtrG组大鼠,OPG/sRANKL比率下降。OtrG组血清OC、ALP和TRAP明显高于CtrG组。研究提示过度运动导致OPG/sRANKL比例下降可能是骨代谢率增快、骨量丢失的重要原因。 相似文献
6.
为阐明过度训练对肠粘膜免疫屏障结构和功能的影响及其机理。采用建立安静对照和过度训练大鼠模型，应用形态学手段结合免疫组织化学和图像分析方法，对过度训练后大鼠肠粘膜的超微结构，粘膜IgA的产生和含量作定位和定量研究。结果表明，第4周末和第8周末，过度训练组光镜下肠粘膜未见异常改变，但是第8周末过度训练组电镜下见肠道粘膜超微结构明显改变；第8周末，IgA浆细胞计数及其平均吸光度，以及粘液IgA水平均显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。结果提示过度训练可以引起肠道粘膜和IgA屏障结构改变。 相似文献
7.
热休克蛋白(Hsp72)与运动训练的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
训练不当导致了运动员过度训练,随之出现性情/行为、生化和生理指标的变化以及运动成绩的下降.因此,激发生理学家致力于探讨过度训练的形成机制及检测指标.然而,现行的许多检测指标均不能准确衡量过度训练.大量研究表明:训练损伤与恢复失衡应是过度训练的成因,为此,探讨训练与机体恢复失衡的设定点监测过度训练的内容可能是理想的指标.令人惊喜的是:Hsp72可能就是一个较好的检测指标.本文通过综述Hsp72和运动训练的研究进展来探讨Hsp72与过度训练的关系. 相似文献
8.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):1082-1091
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to investigate whether the change in (sub)maximal heart rate after intensified training is associated with the change in performance. Thirty subjects were recruited who performed cardiopulmonary exercise tests to exhaustion 2 weeks before (pre), 1 week after (post) and 5 weeks after (follow-up) an 8-day non-competitive amateur cycling event (TFL). The exercise volume during the TFL was 7.7 fold the volume during the preparation period. Heart rate and cardiopulmonary parameters were obtained at standardised absolute submaximal workloads (low, medium and high intensity) and at peak level each test. Subjects were classified as functionally overreached (FOR) or acute fatigued (AF) based on the change in performance. No differences between FOR and AF were observed for heart rate (P?=?.51). On total group level (AF?+?FOR), post-TFL heart rate decreased significantly at low (?4.4 beats·min?1, 95% CI [?8.7, ?0.1]) and medium (?5.5 beats·min?1 [?8.5, ?2.4]), but not at high intensity. Peak heart rate decreased ?3.4 beats·min?1 [?6.1, ?0.7]. O2pulse was on average 0.49?ml O2·beat?1 [0.09, 0.89] higher at all intensities after intensified training. No changes in ?O2 (P?=?.44) or the ventilatory threshold (P?=?.21) were observed. Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed negative associations between heart rate and O2pulse at low (r?=??.56, P?<?.01) and medium intensity (r?=??.54, P?<?.01), but not with ?O2 or any other submaximal parameter. (Sub)maximal heart rate decreased after the TFL. However, this decrease is unrelated to the change in performance. Therefore, heart rate seems inadequate to prescribe and monitor intensified training. 相似文献
9.
Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is caused by an imbalance between training, nutrition and resting, and leads to decreased performance and fatigue; however, the precise underlying triggers of OTS remain unclear. This study investigated the body composition, metabolism, eating, sleeping patterns and mood states among participants with OTS. Selected participants were divided into OTS-affected athletes (OTS, n = 14), healthy athletes (ATL, n = 25), and healthy non-physically active controls (NCS, n = 12). Compared to ATL, OTS showed decreased sleep quality (p = 0.004); increased duration of work or study (p < 0.001); decreased libido (p = 0.024); decreased calorie (p < 0.001), carbohydrate (p < 0.001) and protein (p < 0.001) intakes; decreased mood states (p < 0.001); decreased basal metabolic rate (p = 0.013) and fat burning (p < 0.001); increased body fat (p = 0.006); decreased muscle mass (p = 0.008); and decreased hydration (p < 0.001). Levels were similar between OTS and NCS, except for worsened fatigue (p < 0.001) and vigour (p = 0.001) in OTS. Reduced calorie intake, worsened sleep, and increased cognitive activity are likely OTS triggers. OTS appears to induce dehydration, increase body fat, decrease libido, and worsen mood. 相似文献
10.
运动量、过度训练及过度训练综合症 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
罗鹰翔 《武汉体育学院学报》1999,(1)
大多数运动员倾向于大运动量训练 ,因此 ,过度训练常在优秀运动员中发生。资料表明在运动量与提高成绩间存在非线性关系。 相似文献