国家科技基础条件平台的系统动力学分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

贺德方  谢科范 《中国软科学》2006,(12):52-57

本文利用系统动力学的定性分析与定量分析相结合的原理和方法建立了国家科技基础条件平台的仿真模型，并通过所建模型的动态模拟，讨论分析了国家科技基础条件平台的系统结构及运作机制，并以平台制度体系建设为例进行了政策实验。本文的研究结果表明：系统动力学方法是研究国家科技基础条件平台中各种因素之间的错综复杂关系的有效手段，平台的政策实验为平台建设决策提供了科学的依据和有力的支持。  相似文献   

Balancing the Local and the Global in Infrastructural Information Systems     

Knut H. Rolland  Eric Monteiro 《The Information Society》2002,18(2):87-100

A considerable body of literature has demonstrated-- empirically as well as analytically--that information systems need to be situated to the local context of use. Yet for infrastructural information systems that span numerous contexts spread out globally, this is literally prohibitive. For these systems to work, it is necessary to strike a balance between sensitiveness to local contexts and a need to standardize across contexts. We analyze a key element in this, namely, spelling out the (largely invisible) "costs" that the different actors pay to achieve working solutions. Empirically, we draw from an ongoing case study. We analyze the attempts of a maritime classification company with 5500 employees located in 300 sites in 100 countries to develop an infrastructural information system to support the surveying of ships globally. We elaborate design implications and concepts relevant to developing information infrastructures that also apply to the context of developing countries.  相似文献   

Urban sportscapes: An environmental deterministic perspective on the management of youth sport participation     

《Sport Management Review》2015,18(2):291-307

This paper examines sport participation from an environmental perspective by considering the dynamic role of the sportscape (built-form and supporting infrastructure) in enabling, facilitating and promoting youth sport participation. Complementing recent work by Wicker et al. (2013), we conduct a case study of the ‘geography of sport’ in the Greater Toronto Area. In the process we introduce the concept of facility ‘gravitas’ to capture the attractiveness or ‘magnetism’ of sportscape entities and thereby acknowledge the multifaceted sets of environmental factors (including the bricks-and-mortar of facilities and the supporting mechanisms such as transportation, coaches and clubs) that influence sport participation. The results demonstrate that the geography of sport is not only about where sport venue built-forms are located, but also what types of sport infrastructure are available. To develop a better understanding of sport participation it is important to assess the capacity and quality of the sportscape along with other supporting structures and facilitators. The paper points to the implications for managers and policy makers from this perspective.  相似文献   

国家科技基础条件共享平台专题服务模式的研究     

王正  袁伟  石蕾  王祎  李健 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2015,(4):1-5

专题服务是国家科技基础条件共享平台为国家科技、经济和社会发展的重大创新任务提供支撑的一种服务 类型,开展专题服务模式的研究,有利于增强共享平台对国家重大创新任务的支撑服务能力和水平。文章介绍专题服 务模式的产生过程,对专题服务内涵、步骤、要素等进行分类和比较,对各类要素的特点和适用条件进行分析,并以 相关国家科技共享平台已经开展的专题服务工作为案例进行综合阐述,提出相关思考和建议,为全国各级各类科技共 享平台拓展服务模式,提高服务能力提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Can cities shape socio-technical transitions and how would we know if they were?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mike Hodson  Simon Marvin 《Research Policy》2010,39(4):477-485

This paper asks two - relatively simple - questions: can cities shape socio-technical transitions? And how would we know if they were? There are three key objectives. The first of these is to set out emerging, and in our view, convincing evidence, that large world cities have political aspirations to develop purposive and managed change in the socio-technical organisation of infrastructure networks that can be characterised as ‘systemic’ transitions. The second objective is conceptual in orientation and seeks to address how we understand transitions at the scale of the city, the role of ‘the city’ in undertaking transitions, and review both the strengths and shortcomings of the multi-level perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions in addressing this. The third objective is to identify what an urban transition would look like, and then constructs a new framework to conceptualise and research urban transitions. The paper then summarises the key aspects and implications of our argument.  相似文献   

Brazil in the Age of Electronic Commerce     

Paulo Bastos Tigre 《The Information Society》2003,19(1):33-43

E-commerce is growing rapidly in Brazil, led by information-intensive and transaction-intensive sectors such as finance, manufacturing, and retail/wholesale. However, Brazil's highly uneven income distribution is a major barrier for B2C diffusion. Government policies have emphasized promotional or enabling initiatives such as e-procurement, tax filings, and providing Internet access to social institutions. E-commerce legislation is just now being developed, and decisions on taxation are being negotiated in the context of international agreements. E-commerce raises issues for Brazil in terms of its relationship to the global economy. Although most online purchases involve imported goods, e-commerce also offers opportunities to participate in international value chains.  相似文献   

Environment and Policy Factors Shaping Global E-Commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jennifer Gibbs  Kenneth L. Kraemer  Jason Dedrick 《The Information Society》2003,19(1):5-18

This article examines the key global, environmental and policy factors that act as determinants of e-commerce diffusion. It is based on systematic comparison of case studies from 10 countries--Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. It finds that B2B e-commerce seems to be driven by global forces, whereas B2C seems to be more of a local phenomenon. A preliminary explanation for this difference is that B2B is driven by global competition and MNCs that "push" e-commerce to their global suppliers, customers, and subsidiaries. This in turn creates pressures on local companies to adopt e-commerce to stay competitive. In contrast, B2C is "pulled" by consumer markets, which are mainly local and therefore divergent. While all consumers desire convenience and low prices, consumer preferences and values, national culture, and distribution systems differ markedly across countries and define differences in local consumer markets. These findings support the transformation perspective about globalization and its impacts. In terms of policy, the case studies suggest that enabling policies such as trade and telecommunications liberalization are likely to have the biggest impact on e-commerce, by making ICT and Internet access more affordable to firms and consumers, and increasing pressure on firms to adopt e-commerce to compete. Specific e-commerce legislation appears not to have as big an impact, although inadequate protection for both buyers and sellers in some countries suggests that mechanisms need to be developed to ensure greater confidence in doing business online.  相似文献   

科技资源共享支撑体系的系统论探析     

杨传喜王敬华 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2010,(2):35-40

作为战略性资源的科技资源日益成为提高自主创新能力的基础条件和有力支撑,而优化科技资源配置的重要途径之一是实现科技资源共享,构建科技资源共享的支撑体系更是科技资源共享这一复杂系统工程的重要内容。本文从系统论的角度对科技资源进行了界定,构建了科技资源共享的政府、网络、资金和人才支撑体系框架,并以国家科技基础条件平台建设为例对科技资源共享支撑体系所具有的整体性、层次性、目的性和开放性系统特征进行分析。  相似文献   

Assessing irreversibility of an E-Government project in Kenya: Implication for governance     

Nixon Muganda Ochara 《Government Information Quarterly》2010

This paper offers an exploratory analysis into the relationship between E-Government conceptualization and its intended impacts. By combining three independent research streams of technology transfer, information technology conceptualization and impacts, the expected national impacts of E-Government were theorized to influence how policy makers and implementers in developing countries conceptualize E-Government. The paper utilizes a qualitative research approach that is underpinned by critical realist assumptions. Actor–Network Theory was used as the meta-theory for the analysis. The findings point to a thinly-veiled control agenda by the Central Government bid to extend their control over local authorities through E-Government. The process of building an E-Government infrastructure is unfolding in an environment in which local actors' interests are weakly inscribed, while interests of the global actors are strongly inscribed. The overall implication is a trend in which the Central Government is enhancing bureaucratization through managerialization.  相似文献   

民族地区物流管理专业加强实践教学的探索     

李琼 《黔南民族师范学院学报》2014,(3):63-65

民族地区物流管理专业主要是为民族地区培养物流业高层次管理人才,实践教学在人才培养方案中是重要的组成部分.当前,民族地区物流管理专业实践教学薄弱,管理层和师生主观认识不足、实践教学硬件跟不上、缺乏对实践教学基地建设途径的思考以及资金不足是导致实践教学不足的主要因素.转变观念、探索多种实践教学基地建设途径以及争取多渠道和可持续的资金投入成为今后民族地区物流管理专业加强实践教学的主要路径.  相似文献