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1.
《Knowledge Acquisition》1994,6(2):137-162
This paper presents a general approach to knowledge base refinement which integrates multistrategy learning, active experimentation and guided knowledge elicitation. Three main features characterize this approach. First, knowledge base refinement is based on a multistrategy learning method that dynamically integrates the elementary inferences (such as deduction, analogy, abduction, generalization, specialization, abstraction and concretion) that are employed by the single-strategy learning methods. Second, much of the knowledge needed by the system to refine its knowledge base is generated by the system itself. Therefore, most of the time, the human expert will need only to confirm or reject system-generated hypotheses. Third, the knowledge base refinement process is efficient due to the ability of the multistrategy learner to reuse its reasoning process. The paper illustrates a cooperation between a learning system and a human expert in which the learner performs most of the tasks and the expert helps it in solving the problems that are intrinsically difficult for a learner and relatively easy for an expert. 相似文献
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《Knowledge Acquisition》1994,6(2):163-178
Rapid prototyping and tool reusability have pushed knowledge acquisition research to investigate method-specific knowledge acquisition tools appropriate for predetermined problem-solving methods. We believe that method-dependent knowledge acquisition is not the only approach. The aim of our research is to develop powerful yet versatile machine learning mechanisms that can be incorporated into general-purpose but practical knowledge acquisition tools. This paper shows through examples the practical advantages of this approach. In particular, we illustrate how existing knowledge can be used to facilitate knowledge acquisition through analogy mechanisms within a domain and across domains. Our sample knowledge acquisition dialogues with a domain expert illustrate which parts of the process are addressed by the human and which parts are automated by the tool, in a synergistic cooperation for knowledge-base extension and refinement. The paper also describes briefly the EXPECT problem-solving architecture that facilitates this approach to knowledge acquisition. 相似文献
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《Knowledge Acquisition》1993,5(1):79-116
Many efforts in knowledge acquisition are designed from a knowledge engineer's perspective and as a consequence fall short of allowing experts to elaborate successfully their own situated knowledge. Knowledge engineering approaches are typically not user-centered and consequently are often the cause of a bottleneck in system development. This paper describes and evaluates the Advanced Knowledge And Design Acquisition Methodology (AKADAM) project as an attempt to overcome such inadequacies by provision of user-centered knowledge acquisition techniques. Both theoretical and practical issues are examined. The role of multiple perspectives (i.e. "knowledge as rules", "knowledge as concepts", and "knowledge as designs"), their relationship to a user-centered approach, and the necessity of flexible knowledge integration are portrayed by applying AKADAM to a complex, real-world domain (i.e. the development of an electronic associate for fighter pilots). Results suggest that this approach is capable of providing: (a) a naturalistic knowledge elicitation environment endorsed by users, (b) an externalization of experts' intuitive knowledge in a form which is similar to their own mental representation and (c) an integrated, large-scale knowledge set suitable for infusing knowledge into AI architectures and human-computer interface design. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2019,45(3):288-298
The aim of this study was to align information literacy instruction with curriculum learning outcomes as defined by teaching faculty in their syllabi. Using a syllabus study, a cross-disciplinary collection of 180 course syllabi were reviewed for learning outcomes, assignments with research components, and references to library resources and services. Key faculty-defined learning outcomes were mapped to the Association for College and Research Libraries Information Literacy Framework for Higher Education threshold concepts. Based on learning theory, introducing information literacy concepts is most effective when done at the time of need, guaranteeing that students utilize the skills immediately, and are more likely to retain the knowledge and skills learned. The author proposes a tiered approach to information literacy instruction, with novice skills introduced in lower-level courses and expert skills for upper-level and graduate courses to meet learning outcomes. Suggestions of how each of the threshold concepts can be applied to develop instructional activities to achieve learning outcomes are presented. 相似文献
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学术资源本体非等级关系抽取研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的/意义] 概念非等级关系抽取是本体构建的必要步骤,学术文献作为一种重要的学术资源类型,本文主要利用其结构特点来进行本体概念非等级关系的抽取。[方法/过程] 首先,在本体概念抽取的基础上,对文献中概念的类型进行分类,以便于后期关系动词搭配的概念类型来排除不符合条件的三元组;其次,确定学术文献中的关系类型,并采用C-value方法抽取表示关系的动词,进行本体关系的表示;再次,评价概念对的关联性,利用互信息法对概念对进行排序并去除非相关概念对,实验表明该方法非常有效;最后评价概念对与关系动词的关联,分析影响三元组关联的因素,再采用实验确定模型挖掘三元组,实验比较现有的关联规则挖掘的方法。[结果/结论] 结果表明本文提出的三元组选择模型效果明显超过现有的关联规则挖掘方法,并且在语料集扩大的情况下这种优势更为明显。 相似文献
6.
《Knowledge Acquisition》1993,5(1):1-36
This paper presents an application of knowledge intensive generalization to knowledge acquisition, in the domain of air traffic control. We explain why knowledge intensiveness and first-order logic are sometimes necessary, as for instance in the application field studied here. An obvious advantage of first-order logic is its power of expression, while an obvious drawback is long computation time. We also describe some less obvious advantages and drawbacks of first-order logic, especially when the knowledge must be expressed as Horn clauses to retain some computational efficiency. Finally, we emphasize the large translation problem that must be solved in order to allow an efficient interaction with the expert. Two translation phases are necessary. One goes from the expert's language to Horn clauses, the second one goes back from Horn clauses to the expert's language. The first one is necessary to ensure automatic learning, while the second one allows the expert to understand what has been learned. Both phases are far from trivial and ask for choices that must be made carefully in order to avoid losing significant information. One of our unexpected results is that the second translation phase plays the role of a validation step. It thus becomes a very efficient way to acquire knowledge the expert has problems formalizing. Using first-order logic does complicate things, but it provides, as a reward, a powerful way of extracting and validating the acquired knowledge, especially when the field expert is unable to express his knowledge in a simple way. 相似文献
7.
提出一种新的领域本体学习方法,结合形式概念分析(FCA)与关联规则挖掘从非结构化文本中获取情报学本体。该方法从文本集中通过种子-扩展机制的方法获取领域核心概念,构建文档概念格(文档×关键词矩阵),在此基础上通过形式概念分析方法来识别概念之间的等级关系,通过关联规则挖掘概念间的相关关系。最后,采用基于"黄金标准"的方法对本体学习的结果进行评价,结果表明:通过这种方法构建的本体可以达到较高的领域知识覆盖率,而且能够识别概念之间部分隐含的关系,从而验证该方法在领域本体的构建中实用且有效。 相似文献
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基于学术文献构建领域本体对促进领域学科发展具有重要的意义。本文提出了一种以中文学术文献为数据源,半自动化抽取领域本体层次关系的框架方法。首先,构建了一个通用的领域本体层次关系的细粒度研究框架。其次,设计了一种新的概念表示方法,融合了深度学习方法得到的概念语义特征和上下文的时间序列词频。进一步结合了AP聚类、Prim算法和Web搜索引擎的查询数据,提出了基于规则推理的本体概念层次关系抽取算法(RROCHE),实现了半自动化概念层次关系抽取。最后,基于中文分词领域的中文学术文献数据,通过数值实验方法讨论了方法的可行性和有效性。本文提出的框架方法也非常容易推广并应用到各领域本体层次关系任务中。 相似文献
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知识图谱（Knowledge Graph,简称KG）的表示学习方法旨在将知识图谱的实体和关系表示为稠密低维实值向量, 进而在低维向量空间中高效计算实体、关系及其之间的复杂语义关联, 在知识图谱的构建、推理、融合、挖掘以及应用中具有重要作用。已有的知识图谱表示方法仅仅考虑了知识图谱中的直接事实,忽略了知识图谱中一些隐藏的语义信息,这些语义信息对于知识图谱关系和实体的嵌入表示有着重要的影响。本文提出了一种规则增强的知识图谱表示学习方法,该方法首先通过知识图谱规则挖掘的方法提取一组可代表知识图谱语义信息的Horn 逻辑规则,随后通过基于规则的物化推理方法将相应的隐藏语义信息注入到知识图谱表示学习模型中。实验结果表明,基于规则增强的方法可以显著提升已有知识图谱表示学习模型在链接预测和定理预测上的效果和性能。 相似文献
10.
Devon Greyson Heather O&#x;Brien Jean Shoveller 《Library & information science research》2017,39(2):149-157
Participatory, arts-based methods generate rich data with which researchers can explore information behavior in context, and may be particularly apt when engaging with youth or participants with low literacy levels. Information world mapping (IWM) is an innovative and interactive drawing-based interview technique for data elicitation. Initially developed for use in a study of young parents’ health information practices, IWM guides participants in depicting their personal social information worlds, including items, places, and relationships. Maps are then used to facilitate critical incident elicitation of participants' stories about, and interpretations of, their information practices. Within the young parent study, three styles of map were commonly seen: the directional map, the mind map, and the symbolic map. Use of IWM requires time and ethical care, but the method enables researchers to center participants’ own perspectives on information practices, triangulate data obtained via more traditional methods, and enrich understanding of social information worlds. 相似文献
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国内外知识创新和组织学习研究综述 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对国内外知识创新与组织学习方面研究的重点问题作分析、总结和评价,探讨以“个体隐性知识显性化”为核心和以“知识资本”为核心的知识创新的特点,评述两者之间的差异。对组织学习的概念、过程与形式的理论进展进行评价。最后分析组织学习和知识创新之间的紧密关系。 相似文献
13.
主题图技术与相关知识组织方法的比较研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过简单介绍主题图的定义及其核心概念,与相关的知识组织方法,如索引、词汇表、叙词表、分类法、概念图,以及语义网中的知识表现等进行了比较。 相似文献
14.
Do students need MEDLINE instruction? Do self-described knowledge and search skills match actual ability? To address these questions, librarians developed an assessment tool, a self-administered pre-test/post-test of eighteen skills and concepts taught in the MEDLINE class. By their own assessment, 70% or more of the medical and dental students learned something about each concept taught during the workshop. The study convinced faculty and students that the MEDLINE class is necessary. Librarians and associated faculty agree that the class is important and should continue to be mandatory. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACTThis paper arose from a discussion of the richness of languages used to describe different landscapes of Australia and how the landscape provides the affordances for the language created from this land. More importantly, each language embodies its place and associated world view. This paper looks at how information technology (IT) is supporting knowledge-sharing through approaches used in Indigenous community IT practice and projects to enhance multimedia repositories of knowledge. The origin of any archive is important, in terms of access and control of the use of this material, but also it is important in teaching, to provide the context and connectedness when presenting the material. A collection of knowledge resources can be used to recreate online flexible learning environments around engineering on country and traditional knowledge practices. IT can provide an interactive interface for people wishing to learn the material, through games or worksheet-style activities. Various case studies and their analysis illustrate the way IT can be used to share this knowledge in a legitimate manner across landscapes and cultures. In particular the aim is to understand how authentic this approach can be in view of concerns over appropriation or co-option of Aboriginal knowledge. 相似文献
16.
信息可视化与内容描述 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
林夏 《现代图书情报技术》2004,20(10):3-13
为了方便地对大量的数字化信息进行搜索，需要新的内容描述方法。本文介绍了几个例子和原型系统，它们指明了信息可视化技术如何被应用于内容描述。信息可视化技术使可视化内容地图可以自动生成。这些地图抽取和定义信息模型、种类和作者、概念以及其它信息实体之间的关系。这些地图还支持多种多样的交互功能，用于用户探索概念关系和隐含的信息。本文还提出了关于内容测度、内容结构和内容与内容结构的可视化显示的许多问题。我们相信，理解这些问题对于信息访问语义地图是一个显著的进步。 相似文献
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研究基于形式概念分析（FCA）的学科知识结构探测方法,提出基于FCA的学科知识结构的定义和表示模型,详细阐述基于FCA的学科知识结构的构建方法。以图书情报学为例,以SCI和SSCI收录的16种图书情报学期刊在2001-2013年间的数据为样本,对基于FCA的学科知识结构探测方法进行实证分析。研究探测到新世纪以来图书情报学的9个主要研究主题,并揭示每个研究主题的核心关键词和活跃作者。与传统的知识结构探测方法相比,基于FCA的方法不仅能有效、合理地描述复杂概念及其层次关系,还能客观地显示出聚类和关联特征。 相似文献
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文章通过比较信息、知识与表征的概念,阐述了信息表征的内涵;并探讨了信息表征的三种方式及其特征：知觉符号表征、命题符号表征与网络空间信息表征。 相似文献
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Saraschandra Karanam Guillermo Jorge-Botana Ricardo Olmos Herre van Oostendorp 《Information Retrieval》2017,20(5):456-479
Computational cognitive models developed so far do not incorporate individual differences in domain knowledge in predicting user clicks on search result pages. We address this problem using a cognitive model of information search which enables us to use two semantic spaces having a low (non-expert semantic space) and a high (expert semantic space) amount of medical and health related information to represent respectively low and high knowledge of users in this domain. We also investigated two different processes along which one can gain a larger amount of knowledge in a domain: an evolutionary and a common core process. Simulations of model click behavior on difficult information search tasks and subsequent matching with actual behavioral data from users (divided into low and high domain knowledge groups based on a domain knowledge test) were conducted. Results showed that the efficacy of modeling for high domain knowledge participants (in terms of the number of matches between the model predictions and the actual user clicks on search result pages) was higher with the expert semantic space compared to the non-expert semantic space while for low domain knowledge participants it was the other way around. When the process of knowledge acquisition was taken into account, the effect of using a semantic space based on high domain knowledge was significant only for high domain knowledge participants, irrespective of the knowledge acquisition process. The implications of these outcomes for support tools that can be built based on these models are discussed. 相似文献