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应用DEA中的CCR和BCC模型,以科研机构、高等院校和大中型企业的RD经费内部支出三个指标来代表科技投入,科技论文数、发明专利申请数和新产品销售收入三个指标来代表科技产出,通过对福建省科技资金按执行部门配置效率的纵向比较,对1998—2010年福建省各执行部门的RD资金进行数据分析,发现福建省科技资金配置的投入产出整体情况良好;再通过福建省科技资金按执行部门配置的效率与国内31省的横向比较,对2010年国内31省各执行部门的RD资金进行数据分析,发现福建省科技资金配置的效率与其他30省相比存在着纯技术效率和规模效率不足的问题。福建省应通过调整科技资金结构,扶持新产品发展,鼓励企业创新和加强人才队伍建设等措施来改善福建省科技资金配置效率。 相似文献
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以2010-2014年深市中小板中的165家科技型企业数据为研究依据,利用二元Logistic模型构建融资约束指数,在Richardson投资支出模型改进的基础上测度科技型中小企业RD投资效率,并对融资约束对科技型中小企业RD投资效率的影响进行实证检验。研究表明:科技型中小企业的非效率RD投资主要源于RD投资不足;RD投资不足企业融资约束的加剧会降低其RD投资效率,RD投资过度企业融资约束的客观存在可有效缓解企业的委托代理问题进而提高其RD投资效率;较好的财务能力能够缓解科技型中小企业面临的融资约束;国有性质的科技型中小企业RD投资效率较低;规模较大的科技型中小企业具有更高的RD投资效率。 相似文献
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不同机构类型的R＆D效率DEA评价与比较 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
运用DEA方法对1996-2001年间科研院所、企业和高等院校三类机构的R＆D效率进行了评价和比较,结果表明,1996-1998年间高等院校的R＆D效率最高;科研机构R＆D活动无效率,但在1999年之后有所改善;企业的资金和人员投入最多,但效率却最低且随着投入的增加无明显改进,说明投入不足并不是造成R＆D效率低下的关键因素。最后对企业R＆D效率的改进提出建议。 相似文献
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创新主体的创新效率区域比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建旨在评价中国三大创新主体(企业、高校和科研院所)的创新效率及其影响因素的随机前沿模型,对1999-2008年中国30个省份的面板数据进行实证研究,发现三大主体的创新活动均对创新资源的依赖较大,创新效率值均小于1,其中企业的创新效率值最低。技术非效率因素显著存在,其中政府资助和创新主体间的联系对创新主体的作用截然不同。同时,在以创新效率的聚类分区中,企业创新高效区的省份相当少,高校创新高效区和科研院所创新高效区的省份较多,但又有所差异。区域创新主体间的效率差异,以及区域之间的差别,显示出了区域创新的动力源泉和发展特点。 相似文献
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本文采用数据包络分析法(DEA)测算中国规模以上工业企业RD效率,并考察政府支持、企业RD重视程度、市场竞争程度、企业盈利能力等因素对RD效率的影响。研究发现,规模以上工业企业RD效率总体不高,地区之间差异明显;企业盈利能力和RD效率呈不显著的正向关系,企业RD重视程度、高校及科研机构数量和RD效率呈显著的正向关系,政府支持对RD效率呈不显著的负向关系。 相似文献
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首先利用DEA-BCC模型测度了我国31个省域2007—2011年RD效率,再使用Moran's I指数值验证了RD效率的空间相关性,最后基于SLM模型分析了RD效率的影响因素。结果显示:2007—2011年间,我国各省域RD效率呈现全域上的集聚特征,局域上的溢出效应;政府干预程度、外商投资额、国际贸易额、人力资本等对RD效率产生正向影响,而市场垄断程度对RD效率产生负向效应。 相似文献
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强化市场机制在资源配置中的决定作用,促进金融资本支持企业RD投资是中国产业结构升级的关键。首先,构建金融发展对企业RD投资阶段边界影响的理论模型,认为超过一定边界的金融规模或金融效率不利于企业的RD决策和RD投资。其次,运用三阶段DEA-Malmquist指数、HECKIT模型和门限模型实证检验发现:(1)金融规模影响企业RD投资具有双门槛值,深化不足或过度扩张的金融规模不利于企业RD投资。(2)金融效率影响企业RD投资具有单门槛值,技术进步、纯技术效率、规模效率及全要素生产率提升有利于企业RD投资。(3)金融发展对企业RD投资影响更多体现在扩展边际。金融效率是跨越企业RD投资过程中规模瓶颈的重要途径。 相似文献
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本文运用BCC模型对2005-2016年间北京市企业、高校、科研机构的专利产出效率进行测算和评价,并构建出同时包含企业、高校与科研机构在内的虚拟变量模型对三者的专利产出效率差异性进行了稳健性分析,然后通过DEA-malquist指数方法将三者的效率分别进行分解,探究其效率的动态变化情况及原因,最后利用灰色关联分析模型探究这三大创新主体各自的内部投入结构对专利产出效率的影响。研究结果表明综合专利产出效率从高至低依次为企业、高校、科研机构。企业、高校与科研机构的效率总体上均在逐年提高,但企业R&D效率的提高主要来自于技术进步,高校与科研机构的效率提高是技术进步效应和规模效率降低的复合作用效果。三者各自的内部投入结构的专利产出效应存在较大的差异。对此,对三大主体创新效率的提高,从动态优化的角度提出了政策建议。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
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Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
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WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献