共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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假设产品的需求是随机的且与零售商的努力水平相关的前提下,针对一个由制造商、分销商和零售商构成的三级供应链应对突发事件的协调机制。首先分析了在稳定环境下供应链的协调问题,由于零售商独自承担努力活动的成本,基准的收益共享契约无法实现协调,为此提出了一个基于数量折扣的收益共享契约协调机制;然后探讨了当突发事件导致随机市场需求发生变化时,供应链的最优协调应对策略。研究表明:对原来的契约加以适当的修正,能够有效地实现供应链的协调。最后,基于可积的需求函数形式对模型进行了简化和分析,确定了最佳订购量和最优努力水平的方法,使得模型的设计更具有实践的指导作用并通过数值分析验证了相关的结论。 相似文献
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在随机市场需求下,单生产商-单批发商的收益共享与单批发商-单零售商的回购联合契约能够实现供应链的协调。然而由于突发事件的产生,整个供应链所处市场的需求分布随之改变,原有协调的联合契约功能被破坏。通过改进联合契约使其能够协调应对突发事件并具有抗突发事件性,且新联合契约能减少突发事件对供应链系统利润的影响。最后应用一个算例分析其有效性。 相似文献
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近年来,学者们对制造商双渠道(制造商拥有在线渠道,零售商只拥有传统线下渠道)进行了广泛而深入的研究,对于零售商双渠道(零售商同时拥有线上渠道和传统线下渠道)却鲜有研究.通过Stackelberg博弈理论分析了零售商双渠道供应链的决策策略,给出制造商和零售商的均衡策略,并探讨了均衡解与各参数之间的关系.通过对分散式决策下和集中式决策下的供应链总体利润进行比较,得出分散决策下零售商双渠道供应链总体利润小于集中决策下零售商双渠道供应链总体利润.据此,设计3种收益共享契约.研究表明:第一种和第二种收益共享契约不能实现零售商双渠道供应链的协调,而第三种收益共享契约可以实现零售商双渠道供应链的协调,针对第三种收益共享契约给出了协调证明和数值算例分析. 相似文献
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构建基于消费者策略行为的供应链收益共享契约模型,研究集中式和分散式决策下,风险中性供应商和损失规避零售商的决策行为,探讨消费者策略行为强度、零售商损失规避度对供应链协调决策的影响。研究表明:零售商最优订购量是损失规避度和批发价与收益共享系数比的减函数,消费者策略性越强,产品的批发价格越低,零售商获得的利润分成越高;面对策略型消费者,当供应商为风险中性,零售商为损失规避时,收益共享契约能够实现供应链的协调和上下游间损失共担;当上下游企业的议价能力相当时,收益共享契约更易于实施。 相似文献
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基于品牌竞争与渠道竞争共存的两级供应链结构,本文研究了零售商的公平关切行为对批发价格契约供应链协调效果的影响问题。通过模型建立和数据仿真,本文将零售商采取公平关切行为下批发价格契约的供应链协调绩效,与零售商不采取公平关切行为时批发价格契约及收益共享契约的协调绩效进行对比,发现:(1)当零售商实力与制造商相当时,零售商的公平关切行为可以使批发价格契约实现更高的协调绩效;(2)当零售商实力水平明显强于制造商时,零售商的公平关切行为使批发价格契约相比纯粹的收益共享契约表现出优势。 相似文献
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非对称信息下基于收益共享的供应链协调契约研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究多个供应商、多个零售商构成的供应链系统对称信息和非对称信息下的协调问题,非时称信息下,零售商成本为私有信息.设计非对称信息下基于收益共享的供应链协调契约模型,将供应商与零售商的收益分配比例作为协调因子.最后通过算例验证. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献