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本研究聚焦于“来源国劣势”背景下，后发企业在国际化时面临的“合法性压力-合法化成本”这一冲突，从合法化成本和合法化溢出相结合的视角，对华为集团十余年海外合法化战略的纵向案例研究，探索后发跨国公司合法化战略演化。本研究得到以下发现。第一，本研究揭示了合法性成本在后发企业合法化战略选择的关键作用，提出后发企业面对合法性压力与成本两类情境下的合法化战略选择。其次，识别了后发跨国企业直接型和间接型两种合法化战略及其内在作用机制。第三，以动态视角探索了后发企业合法化战略选择及其演化全过程。本研究期望对合法性与后发跨国企业合法化战略相关理论做出贡献。 相似文献
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中国海外投资增速超过外商FDI增速已成不可阻挡之势,中国企业的海外研发投资俨然跃升为国际投资的新话题。然而已有对新兴市场企业海外研发投资的关注集中在东道国因素,忽略了新兴市场特定制度下的母国公司特点。本文立足母国企业层面,采用中国46家海外研发机构调研数据检验了资源对企业海外研发机构进入模式的影响以及政治关联对两者关系的调节作用。结果表明:中国情境下,企业实力越强(即技术资源和经济资源越丰富),越倾向于选择自建研发机构。同时政治关联对技术资源产生替代作用,负向调节技术资源与进入模式的关系。本文的价值体现在:理论上丰富了"资源—战略"理论的已有边界和应用条件,实践上为中国企业海外研发活动提供了有益的建议。 相似文献
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本文以华为、三星为样本,基于USPTO专利数据中的专利权人与专利发明人信息提出两个研发国际化指标,并利用该指标从组织模式和空间-领域分布模式两方面对比分析了两公司研发国际化模式的演化。结果表明:(1)三星采用"以组织或人员为纽带的研发能力提升"模式,华为采用"以资金为纽带的技术获取"模式,两企业都朝着"技术获取和研发能力提升两者并重"的模式发展。(2)在空间分布上,三星实现了研发合作与市场进入的统一,华为的研发合作与市场则存在空间错位;在领域分布上,三星的国际研发涵盖ICT的所有子领域,华为则主要集中在电信、计算机及办公用品两个子领域。在此基础上,阐明本研究对后发企业研发国际化模式和策略选择的政策启示。 相似文献
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企业国际化内部优势的来源之一就是组织管理优势.由于组织管理知识的特性,后发型企业在组织管理知识的积累应用方面具有一定的有利条件.具有后发特征的中国企业要获取国际化竞争优势,需要在组织管理方面做出战略反应.为此,要采取不同的组织管理形式与国际市场进入模式、战略动因相匹配;要以学习性组织来促进知识的收集、传递、转化和创新;还要提升研发机构在企业组织管理中的地位,做出适当的研发组织选择. 相似文献
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后发企业选择以何种方式、何种时机进入市场将在很大程度决定着其市场进入的成败以及能否更好地实施后续追赶计划,作为当前创新领域和战略领域研究的前沿和热点,破坏性创新为后发企业的市场进入战略选择提供了一条新路径。本文以破坏性创新理论为基础,借助小米公司在智能手机市场的成功案例对"后发企业市场进入时机选择"这一问题进行探索性研究,研究发现:在市场时机选择方面,庞大的市场需求以及层级分明的市场竞争是后发企业能够成功进入市场的前提条件;在技术时机选择方面,成熟的技术、较低的技术获取成本和技术获取难度对于后发企业的市场进入起着重要作用;在产业时机选择方面,新型产业价值链的形成以及成熟的产业环境将在很大程度上决定着后发企业市场进入的成败;在政策时机选择方面,产业政策扶持和融资政策扶持则为后发企业的市场进入提供了更多的保障。 相似文献
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海外研发地理多样化与创新绩效：组织学习视角 《科学学研究》2021,39(5):940-950
海外研发是新兴经济体企业通过“走出去”寻求技术和提升创新绩效的重要战略选择。本研究以中国开展海外研发比较活跃的知识密集型行业上市企业为样本,基于组织学习视角,探讨了海外研发的地理多样化对企业创新绩效的作用机制以及国际化经验和组织学习方式对海外研发与创新绩效关系的调节作用。研究显示中国企业海外研发的地理多样化程度和创新绩效之间呈现出先上升后下降的倒U型关系,企业拥有的国际化经验和探索式组织学习方式则增强了这种倒U型关系。基于以上结论,最后对于中国企业如何更有效地开展海外研发的地理多样化布局以及利用有效的组织学习方式和国际化经验取得创新优势给出合理的建议。 相似文献
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由于我国企业在实施国际化赶超战略过程中的目标不同,导致我国后发企业在创新战略实施上具有显著的差异。在对国际化企业创新相关研究回顾的基础上,本文以我国长三角地区51家企业为调研对象,采用定性比较分析方法对我国企业国际化过程中的创新路径及其模式进行了分析,研究结果表明,由于企业在创新动机、资源匹配以及适应能力等三方面要素组合上存在显著差异,我国企业国际化过程中的技术创新可以划分为成熟型市场驱动创新模式、新兴市场驱动创新模式、企业内部驱动创新模式、投机市场驱动创新模式等五种模式,并且每一模式在创新驱动要素组合方面存在显著的差异。本文的研究结论对于我国企业提高创新效率具有启发意义。 相似文献
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在文献综述的基础上,从"东道国(中国)环境的战略重要性"和"在华研发机构的资源和能力水平"两个维度,将跨国公司在华研发机构的角色划分为附属型、短板型、自发贡献型以及区域/全球中心型;然后通过微软、SAP、雀巢、LG和通用汽车五个案例分析了跨国公司在华研发机构角色演变的三条路径和两种模式;最后总结了这两种模式的特征和需要注意的问题.本研究不仅为跨国公司在华设立研发机构提供借鉴,同时也丰富了跨国公司研发机构国际化和海外子公司角色理论研究. 相似文献
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中国后发企业能力积累机制研究———基于联想与华为国际化的案例对比分析 《科学学研究》2021,39(6):1084-1093
国际化是后发企业获取知识、能力积累的重要途径。基于此,本文以联想与华为为研究对象,通过运用案例研究法解析其国际化中能力积累机制。研究结果显示：（1）利用式学习与开发式学习是后发企业国际化中主要的学习策略,前者是企业在海外并购和海外子公司等国际化模式中采纳的主要学习策略,后者是企业在设立海外研发中心的国际化模式中采纳的主要学习策略;（2）基于利用与开发的双元学习机制是后发企业国际化中能力积累的关键机制;（3）后发企业国际化中能力积累的过程分为两个阶段：创新要素获取阶段和能力升级阶段。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the causal effect of foreign acquisitions on the research and development (R&D) activities of domestic target firms over the period 1994–2004. Using accounting data on French innovative manufacturing firms, we implement appropriate difference-in-difference estimation techniques associated with a matching propensity score procedure. We find that the acquisitions of French firms by foreign companies boost R&D spending. There is a simultaneous rise in the external and in-house R&D expenditures of French acquired firms. R&D is more contracted out to local research providers, in particular to local public laboratories and universities. The increase in internal R&D spending benefits to development, but also basic and applied research. Finally, the growth of the R&D budget is not only financed by internal resources but also receives financing from external partners, especially parent companies. Thus, our results call into question the idea that foreign takeovers hamper the R&D development of target firms and are detrimental to the national innovation system of the host country. First, acquisitions appear to bring efficiency gains enough to counterbalance the various costs of integration and market power effects, pushing firms to invest more in R&D. Acquisitions do not seem to incite managers to take shorter term and more financial driven decisions at the expense of R&D. Second, when motivated by technology sourcing and overseas R&D development, acquisitions might be used to access the specific know-how of target firms and to tap into the knowledge of the national innovation system. Then, purchaser firms could be more likely to develop the innovative capability of target firms and to strengthen their linkages with local partners than to reduce them and relocate R&D abroad. 相似文献
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C. Annique Un 《Research Policy》2008,37(10):1812-1828
Despite the growing involvement of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in foreign-based research and development (R&D), there has been little research comparing R&D investments of subsidiaries of foreign MNEs to domestic firms. Subsidiaries of foreign MNEs enjoy advantages that help them compete against domestic firms. However, when deciding on R&D investments, these advantages exert competing influences on their R&D investment decision. On the one hand, better access to and transfer of knowledge and technologies from the MNE and other subsidiaries and centers of excellence may encourage the subsidiary of a foreign MNE to invest less in R&D relative to a domestic firm. On the other hand, better access to sources of capital through the MNE and other subsidiaries may induce the subsidiary to invest more in R&D in comparison to domestic firms. We find that subsidiaries of foreign MNEs invest less in total R&D than domestic firms. The reason is that they invest less in external R&D than domestic firms; however, they have similar internal R&D investments compared to domestic firms. These findings support the notion that the transfer of technology and knowledge from other parts of the MNE acts as a substitute for the purchase of external R&D while internal R&D acts as a complement to the technology and knowledge transferred from other parts of the MNE. 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2023,7(2):101-114
This study examines how internal research and development (R&D), external knowledge acquisition, and R&D contracted with other companies interact in local and foreign-owned enterprises in post-communist economies. A large sample of firm-level data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) across 26 post-communist countries (including European Union (EU) members and non-EU states of Eastern Europe, Caucasian countries, and Central Asian countries) and country-level data from the Global Innovation Index and the International Property Rights Index were used. The findings show that enterprises with majority foreign ownership are relatively more likely to acquire external R&D. We demonstrate that the R&D behavior of enterprises with majority foreign ownership and local firms are interrelated, that is, we find a synergy effect. According to the results, decisions on internal R&D and the purchase of external knowledge for enterprises with majority foreign ownership are similar to those of local firms. However, enterprises with foreign ownership contract R&D with other companies more often if local firms conduct internal R&D. These results indicate the presence of knowledge spillover and cross-learning effects in both types of enterprises in post-communist countries. Finally, we find that the national innovation environment is not significant for the R&D intensity of enterprises with majority foreign ownership, which suggests their high dependence on the parent structures of multinational enterprises. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(7):104550
Applying a within-firm perspective to the topic of the division of innovative labor, I explore the organization of scientific discovery at the firm level — specialized or integrated with invention. Using data on inventors and authors related to U.S. publicly-traded science-performing firms for the period 1980–2015, the paper deepens our understanding of the determinants and the tradeoffs associated with the strategic choice of scientific discovery organization. I show that integration is related to a tradeoff between short-term applied R&D and long-term fundamental R&D; while integration is beneficial for invention, it has adverse effects on its scientific output, which decrease invention in the long run. The negative relationship between integration and publication reduces the direct increase in patents due to integration by approximately 90%. To better understand firms’ R&D organizational choice, I present internal and external factors that have implications on the benefits and costs associated with integration: reliance on science, stage of technology, external market for technology, and R&D spillins. Finally, I present consistent implications in terms of market value and show that value creation is related to organizational structure. 相似文献
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企业隐性技术知识吸收模型研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
隐性知识是技术知识的重要侧面，对于技术追赶中的企业，其隐性知识的吸收能力决定了技术学习的有效性。本文回顾了有关隐性技术知识的重要理论研究，指出隐性技术知识(TTK)吸收对于企业技术学习的战略意义，并提出了企业隐性技术知识吸收的理论模型。该模型认为企业隐性技术知识有三类外部知识来源：科学群体、跨国公司全球网络及区域价值链组织；三类主体以多种管道向当地企业传输TTK，制度环境与技术市场格局影响主体间知识流动管道的选择及其中的TTK流动；企业研发管理等内部因素等决定了外部TTK的吸收能力；研发过程中对外部TTK的整合导致了企业技术创新能力。这一模型的提出为深入研究行业技术学习及企业研发管理战略提供了理论分析框架。 相似文献
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S. Negassi 《Research Policy》2004,33(3):365-384
The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation. 相似文献
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通过对257家新兴企业中高层管理者和研发人员的调查数据,本文研究了员工信息素养对外部知识效应的影响,重点分析了员工信息素养对外部知识获取与内部创新能力之间关系的调节效应,并运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）技术探讨了企业规模对员工信息素养的制约效应。结果表明：员工信息素养对技术知识和市场知识的吸收效果均有促进作用;此外,企业规模越大,员工信息素养对技术知识与创新能力之间关系的促进作用越小。本研究结论不仅丰富了员工素养与企业创新等领域的理论空间,同时也为战略性新兴产业企业在开放式创新环境下有效提高员工信息素养、增强外部知识吸收、提升创新能力和创新绩效提供了实践指导。 相似文献
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We analyze the influence of a regional economic integration agreement (REIA) on a firm's investments in research and development (R&D). A country's entry into a REIA creates two competing influences on the firm's R&D investments. On the one hand, increased competition in product markets after the REIA would induce the firm to invest in internal R&D to improve its distinctive technological competitiveness. On the other hand, better access to sources of inputs in factor markets after the REIA would induce the firm to purchase external R&D because it can outsource technology more easily. Surprisingly, the empirical analysis shows that the REIA's impact on R&D investment is driven primarily by product markets rather than by factor markets. After the REIA, product markets induce firms not only to invest more in internal R&D but also purchase more external R&D. In contrast, after the REIA factor markets have limited influence on internal or external R&D investments. 相似文献
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文章引入知识存储量的概念,依据知识存储量不同将企业分为创新领导者和创新追随者两种类型,改进Lee的企业研发(RD)投入技术推动-需求拉动模型,研究知识存储量不同的企业在产业生命周期的不同阶段的研发投入决策差异,基于2012-2015年医药制造业和计算机及办公设备制造业深沪上市企业数据对理论推论进行了实证检验。结果表明:在产业成长期,创新领导者相对于创新追随者更倾向于随市场竞争的加剧提高RD投入强度;在产业成熟期,创新追随者相对于创新领导者更可能提高RD投入强度应对市场竞争。 相似文献
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The various strands of extant empirical research are inconclusive about the complementarity or substitutability between different innovation mechanisms, such as internal and external R&D. Using a panel sample of 83 incumbent pharmaceutical firms covering the period 1986-2000, our empirical analysis suggests that, instead of a clear-cut answer to the question of whether internal and external R&D are complementary or substitutive innovation activities, there appears to be a contingent relationship between internal and external R&D strategies in shaping a firm's innovative output. The results from our study indicate that the level of in-house R&D investments, which is characterized by decreasing marginal returns, is a contingency variable that critically influences the association between internal and external R&D strategies. In particular, internal R&D and external R&D, through either R&D alliances or R&D acquisitions, are complementary innovation activities at higher levels of in-house R&D investments, whereas at lower levels of in-house R&D efforts, internal and external R&D turn out to be substitutive strategic options. 相似文献