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1.
长期有氧健美操锻炼对不同人群的身体形态、各器官系统机能能力以及血脂代谢均能产生良好的影响。本文主要对有氧健美操健身的效应进行综述。 相似文献
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本实验通过对女大学生设计有氧健美操运动方案,观察运动前后女大学生身体形态所发生的一系列变化,探讨健美操动作与身体形态之间的关系,结果显示,有氧健美操动作能够有效改善女大学生的局部和整体形态,其动作与身体形态之间是对立统一的关系。 相似文献
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健美操是集舞蹈、体操于一体的新兴体育项目,它不仅能增进健康、健美体型、娱乐身心、陶冶情操、而且更大限度提高身体素质。本文对参加健美操锻炼的120名女中学生在教学中采用不同的手段和方法,并对锻炼前后的身体形态和各项素质进行测试分析,通过实践证明有氧健身操能提高女中学生的身体素质,并受到女中学生的喜爱,为推动有氧健身操的课程建设提供依据。 相似文献
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《体育与科学》2019,(4):114-120
提升大学生身体活动和有氧体适能水平,促进大学生身心健康,是建设健康中国的必然要求。以甘肃省6所高校的1188名大学生为调查对象,采取问卷调查的方法进行朋友支持身体活动量表、自我效能感量表、身体活动问卷和有氧体适能的测试,运用相关分析、逐步回归分析和结构方程模型对朋友支持、自我效能感、身体活动和有氧体适能之间的关系进行探讨。研究发现:1)朋友支持正向预测大学生身体活动和自我效能感;2)自我效能感在朋友支持与身体活动之间起中介作用;3)朋友支持通过两条路径即朋友支持→身体活动→有氧体适能和朋友支持→自我效能感→有氧体适能来提升大学生的有氧体适能。建议:1)学校可组建各种体育社团,组织以朋友为基础的各类比赛,鼓励朋友相互激励参与体育锻炼,充分发挥朋友支持系统提升自我效能感和身体活动来促进有氧体适能;2)改善大学校园体育锻炼环境,使大学生熟练掌握多项运动技能,锻炼环境的可达性、运动技能的可选择性可有效增强大学生参与体育锻炼的自我效能感,进而促进身体活动和有氧体适能。 相似文献
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张光芬 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(5):88-89
通过对照实验的方法,对我校某系100名女大学生进行身体形态、机能进行测试,其中50名选修健美操;另50名选修乒乓球。结果表明：大众健美操是一项多功能、价值高,深受广大女大学生喜爱的项目,长期进行此项运动,可使身体形态发生改变,肌力增强,使外形更加健美和谐,提高器官机能,改善心肺功能,提高有氧耐力,也能培养良好的审美意识。 相似文献
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《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》(第一套)中级规定动作对女大学生身体形态影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以天津体育学院非体育专业普通女大学生为研究对象,运用健美操这一有氧代谢的体育运动形式,对女大学生身体围度和体成分等身体形态进行实验研究。研究结果表明,通过《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》(第一套)中级规定动作的锻炼,可改善身体形态和体成分结构,且对缩减大腿围度和脂肪效果尤为显著。 相似文献
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农村居民生命质量与体适能关联因素的回归分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,根据健康体适能构成要素,制定调查问卷,采用健康调查简表SF-36测试,对河北省5个地区1 040(男523,女517)名农村居民进行调查.探讨农村居民体适能、运动行为与生命质量的关系,为相关的干预研究提供科学依据.农村居民运动行为中锻炼次数和锻炼时间与体适能中的身体成分、有氧适能、肌适能和柔韧素质显著相关;有氧适能、柔韧素质对生命质量造成的影响不如身体成分和肌适能对其产生的影响大;农村居民运动行为既是生命质量的重要影响因素,同时又是提高生命质量的积极手段.应重视对农村居民的健康教育,激发锻炼热情,改善体适能以提高生命质量水平. 相似文献
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对有氧搏击操在普通高校男生健美操教学中的应用进行研究,结果表明：有氧搏击操锻炼不仅能有效提高男生学习健美操的兴趣,增强其身体素质,而且还能促进健美操在高校男生中的普及。 相似文献
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刘炳泉 《体育科技文献通报》2006,14(7):48-50
为使我国男单健美操成绩明显进步,并早日赶超世界先进水平,有必要对我国男单健美操选手的身体形态、素质特征进行研究。由于我国优秀男单健美操选手一般集中在高校里,故本课题选取我国优秀大学生健美操运动员的身体形态、训练水平的现状与成绩的关系,及其与世界优秀选手在身体形态、素质发展水平中的差距进行对比,希望能为一线的教练员们在高级选材和训练中提供一点参考依据。 相似文献
10.
通过对健身操教学不同方式的比较，研究其对大学女生形态指标、身体素质和专项技术的影响，发现采用有氧健身的教学方法比传统的教学方法的运动负荷量大，对改善女大学生身体形态和提高体质的效果更明显，特别是对改善学生的体成份、增进心肺功能作用明显。而两种教学方法对掌握技术技能的作用无显著差异。认为把有氧健身的概念与方法引入高校健美操课的教学对大学女生有益。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献