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Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(2):369
It has been more than 10 years since Satoshi Nakamoto published his famous paper entitled ‘Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system’, which set the foundation of blockchain technology. Accompanied by the price volatility of bitcoins from 2017 to 2018, blockchain has been a hot word on the internet, and particularly hot in China. Blockchain offers a distributed and secure system for data storage and value transactions. Its applications are springing up in multiple fields.The Chinese government is considering these trends with great caution. Initial coin offering has been banned in China since September 2017. By contrast, an official white paper on China''s blockchain technology, which was released in May 2018, said that blockchain technology will be widely applied in the real economy of China within 3 years. In a recent panel discussion held by National Science Review, experts talked about related topics. Their opinions may provide a quick view of the future development of blockchain in China and abroad. Jing Chen Assistant Professor of Computer Science Department, Stony Brook University and Chief Scientist at Algorand LLC, USA Xiaotie Deng Professor of School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, China Guohua Gan Vice President of Beijing Tai Cloud Technology Corp., China Xiaoyun Wang Professor of Institute of Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, China Zhiming Zheng Professor of School of Mathematics and Systems Science, Beihang University, China Lei Guo (Chair) Professor of Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 相似文献
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Chao Gu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(10)
Throughout history, gender inequality has persisted in most parts of the world. Since the founding of the People''s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, substantial progress has been made towards gender equality in China. Today, a large number of Chinese women scientists are making significant contributions to advance science. However, are they facing gender discrimination in hiring and promotion? Do they have access to the same opportunities as their male colleagues? What are the potential approaches to further promote gender equality in China''s scientific community given myriad unfavorable social factors? Recently, NSR invited five Chinese female scientists and two gender experts to discuss these issues. Here are their observations and suggestions. Bing LiuProfessor at the Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University Jun LuSenior Engineer at Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, and Deputy Chief Designer of BeiDou Grounded Test and Validation System Chih-chen WangProfessor at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hongyang WangPresident of the China Women''s Association for Science and Technology (CWAST), Director of the National Center for Science in Liver Cancer Xiaoyun WangC. N. Yang Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University Yan ZhengChair Professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology Wenpei Tang (Chair)Professor at the School of Health Humanities, Peking University 相似文献
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Hepeng Jia 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(11):1787
With the fast development of cutting-edge technologies and their greater integration into human life, more ethical challenges emerge. The problem became more salient when the world''s first genetically edited babies were born in China in violation of existing ethical rules. Although the responsible researcher He Jiankui was sentenced for imprisonment for three years last December, it is still necessary to examine the current status of research ethics and the challenges in China. Has China set up a sophisticated research ethics system? For research ethics and their implementation in China, are there unique national characteristics? Can the dominant ethics principles primarily developed from life science research be equally adopted in the emerging artificial intelligence research and development? At an online forum organized by National Science Review (NSR) and through subsequent correspondences among forum participants, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo and guest moderator Hepeng Jia asked three scientists and three bioethicists or philosophers of science and technology in the field to examine the dynamic development of research ethics in China. Weiwen DuanPhilosopher of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Junjiu HuangLife scientist focused on genetics at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Renzong QiuBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Qiang SunLife scientist and the principal investigator (PI) of clone monkey program at Shanghai Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Yi ZengArtificial intelligence scientist at Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Xiaomei ZhaiBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair)Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Hepeng Jia (Co-chair)Professor of Science Communication at Soochow University, Suzhou, China 相似文献
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作为连接全球经济的纽带和新秩序博弈的焦点,跨境数据流动在极大提升跨国协作效率的同时,也面临着数据主权、国家安全、利益冲突、隐私保护、数据监管等问题。文章首先从数据要素的经济影响出发,梳理跨境数据流动对经济全球化的作用;进而,分析全球范围内跨境数据流动的制约因素,总结我国数据生产总值的优势和不足;最后,结合我国数字经济发展实践,提出有为政府与有效市场更好结合、推动数字隐私技术研发应用、发挥自贸区和自港区先行先试作用、实行分类分级的差别化监管政策、发起多边协定为国际数据治理提出中国方案、坚持系统思维引领数字经济全球化的政策建议,以期推动跨境数据安全有序流动,使我国更好地把握数字经济全球化的战略机遇。 相似文献
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Professor John Hopcroft at Cornell University is a Turing Prize winner (1986) and an educator with more than 55 years of teaching experience. For the past 10 years, Hopcroft has been coming to China to give courses to undergraduate students at Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) and has helped SJTU to improve the quality of computer-science education. He also chairs the Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies at Peking University (PKU), the Turing Class at PKU and the Hopcroft Center at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, and is engaged in many other projects aiming to upgrade China''s computer-science undergraduate education. Recently, NSR talked with Professor Hopcroft to learn his views on education in China. 相似文献
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Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(3)
The COVID-19 pandemic has killed more than 1 000 000 people within nine months in 2020. The world is changed as the cities were locked down, the traffic reduced, and people forced to work from home and keep social distance. These controlling measures also resulted in drastic reduction of the emission of many air pollutants, providing researchers an unprecedented large-scale natural experiment in examining how the air quality would respond to a strong forcing. In this panel discussion held on 22 September 2020, five experts gathered to discuss their observations and analyses, as well as the current understanding and misconception about airborne transmission.This Forum article is dedicated to Prof. Martin Williams of the Imperial College London, who intended to join the panel discussion but passed away one day before it. Guy Brasseur Professor of Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany Junji Cao Professor of Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Aijun Ding Dean and Professor of School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, China Lidia Morawska Professor of Queensland University of Technology, Australia Tong Zhu (Chair) Dean and Professor of College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China 相似文献
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The University of Surrey (referred to as Surrey hereafter) is one of the renowned universities in the UK that was established on 9 September 1966 with the grant of its Royal Charter and its roots go back to Battersea Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1891. Surrey is the research hub of small satellites, mobile telecommunication and artificial intelligence in Europe. In 2016, Surrey was named as ‘University of the Year’ in the UK and, in February 2018, Surrey won the Queen''s Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education (Surrey''s fourth award)—the highest national award for the UK universities, in recognition of the outstanding contribution of Surrey to nutrition and health.The president and vice chancellor of Surrey, Professor Max Lu, took this position in 2016 and is also the first scholar of Chinese origin to be the leader of a British university. Before he joined Surrey, he was the provost and senior vice president at the University of Queensland in Australia. Professor Lu is not only a talented leader in education field, but also a distinguished scientist in materials chemistry and nanotechnology area. He has been honored with numerous awards, including the Orica Award, RK Murphy Medal, China International Science and Technology Award and Medal of the Order of Australia, etc. He has been also appointed to the Prime Minister''s Council for Science and Technology and the Board of UK Research and Innovation, etc. The rich experience and open-mindedness lead to his profound insights into higher education around the world. Lately elected as a fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) and foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor Lu shared his broad and deep perspectives on higher education with National Science Review during his travel in Beijing. 相似文献
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Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(5):938
In the summer of 2003, a heat wave swept Europe and caused more than 70 000 additional fatalities [J.-M. Robine et al., C. R. Biologies331 (2008)]. Global warming and climate change is no longer a prophecy to be fulfilled, as strong heat waves and typhoons, as well as severe rainfalls, are becoming more severe. Extreme weather and climate events in the world, especially over Europe and North America, are widely studied and frequently reported in the media. These events may be related to the ongoing climate change. In this NSR forum, active researchers specialized in this field gather to discuss the climate and weather changes in China. They present the current changes, identify knowledge gaps, discuss the research difficulties, and propose ways forward to better serve the society with climate science. Ying Sun Professor at the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration, China Qiuhong Tang Professor at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Zhongwei Yan Professor at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Jing Yang Professor at the Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, faculty of Geographic Science of Beijing Normal University, China Panmao Zhai Professor at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences of the China Meteorological Administration, and the current Co-Chair of the IPCC Working Group I, China Tianjun Zhou Professor at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Deliang Chen (Chair) Professor at the University of Gothenburg, NSR Editorial Board member, Sweden 相似文献
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Jane Qiu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(4):824
China has attached a great significance to bringing science to the public—known as kepu (科普, ‘science popularization’) or kexue chuanbo (科学传播, ‘science dissemination’)—in recent years, partly in response to its unprecedented push for innovation in science and technology. In 2018, it spent 16 billion yuan (US$2.3 billion) on such endeavours, nearly 80% of which was government funding, according to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Science and Technology. With one science-education venue for every million people, approximately 76 million visits were made to the country''s 518 general-science museums and 142 million visits were made to 943 museums dedicated to a specific subject matter, such as the Geological Museum of China.In a forum chaired by National Science Review’s executive editor-in-chief, Mu-ming Poo, scientists, journalists and public-information officers discussed the differences in science communication between China and developed nations, the challenges and opportunities of raising scientific literacy in China, how it has played out in a wide range of controversial topics, from stem-cell research to climate change, and the importance of international collaboration. Tao Deng Director of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Hepeng Jia Science journalist and science-communication scholar at Soochow University, Suzhou, China Brian Lin Director of the Editorial Content Strategy, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA Joy Ma Manager of the Editorial Content, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA Lai Xu Former chief editor of Guokr.com, Beijing, China Shi Yan Deputy director of the China Research Institute for Science Popularisation, Chinese Association of Science and Technology, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director of the Insitute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 相似文献
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拔尖创新人才的培养问题广受关注,我国在该领域开展了诸多有益实践,尤其是高等教育阶段已形成各具特色的拔尖人才培养模式。通过对中国科学技术大学少年班、西安交通大学少年班、北京大学元培学院、清华大学钱学森力学班和深圳零一学院的人才选拔与培养经验进行探索性案例研究,分析得出当前我国拔尖创新人才教育凸显多元化选拔、进阶式培养和理解性支持的特色。面向拔尖创新人才培养的迫切需求,要从选拔、培养和支持服务等方面为人才提供适合的成长途径与发展环境,拓宽人才选拔视野,重视人才早期培养,并通过政策保障特色化育人实践。 相似文献
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在全要素能源效率框架下,应用共同前沿下的SBM模型(MSBM模型)研究"十二五"期间我国省际能源效率表现及差异。研究发现:"十二五"期间我国省际能源效率仍维持较低水平,且地区间差异性显著增加;省际能源效率平均水平为0.58,说明削减40%能源投入水平仍能实现现有经济产出水平,节能减排潜力较大。进一步应用空间统计方法对能源效率的自相关性展开检验,并利用空间计量模型讨论能源效率影响因素。实证结果显示:我国省级地区能源效率具有正向空间自相关性,能源消费结构、能源开发水平和二次产业占比对能源效率具有一定程度的负面效应,技术创新和城镇化率为能源效率提升提供支持作用。 相似文献
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Hepeng Jia 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(3):595
China has traditionally placed tremendous importance on agricultural research. Meanwhile, in recent years, sustainable agriculture has been increasingly highlighted in both policy agenda and the capital market. However, while terms like environmental friendliness, low carbon, organic and green agriculture have become buzzwords in the media, few meaningful discussions have been raised to examine the relationship between science and technology (S&T) development and sustainable agriculture. What''s more, some environmentalists stress that sustainable agriculture should abandon modern agriculture''s heavy reliance on science and industrialization, making the link between agricultural S&T and sustainable agriculture seem problematic. What is the truth? If S&T are to play an important role in advancing sustainable agriculture, what is the current status of the field? What factors have caused the sustainable development of agriculture in China? At an online forum organized by the National Science Review (NSR), Hepeng Jia, commissioned by NSR executive editor-in-chief Mu-ming Poo, asked four scientists in the field to examine the dynamic relationship between sustainable agriculture and agricultural S&T in the Chinese context. Jikun Huang Agricultural economist at Peking University, Beijing, China Xiaofeng Luo Agricultural economist at Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China Jianzhong Yan Agricultural and environmental scientist at Southwest University, Chongqing, China Yulong Yin Veterinary scientist at Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China Hepeng Jia (Chair) Science communication scholar at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA 相似文献
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Mingjie Zhang is a distinguished structural biologist whose research interest is the protein assemblies in cells, particularly those at the synapse, where two neurons meet and transmit nervous impulses from one to the other. In recent years, his group discovered the phenomenon of phase separation in both the pre- and post-synaptic sites of neurons and elucidated its regulation and physiological function. In this interview, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo talks with Prof. Zhang on the fast-developing research area of biological phase separation, as well as Zhang''s new role as the Founding Dean of the School of Life Sciences at Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen. 相似文献
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国家自然科学基金是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,用以资助自然科学基础研究及部分应用研究。北京化工大学创办于1958年,原名北京化工学院,是新中国为“培养尖端科学技术所需求的高级化工人才”而创建的一所高水平大学。作为教育部直属的全国重点大学,国家“211工程”和“‘985’优势学科创新平台”重点建设院校,国家“一流学科”建设高校,北京化工大学肩负着高层次创新人才培养和基础性、前瞻性科学研究以及原创性高新技术开发的使命。北京化工大学经过60年的建设已经发展成为理科基础坚实,工科实力雄厚,管理学、经济学、法学、文学、教育学、哲学、医学等学科富有特色的多科性重点大学。在国家科技体制机制改革和“双一流”建设的形势下,国家自然科学基金已成为北京化工大学基础研究的重要支撑和科研经费的主要渠道之一,在鼓励原始创新、培养人才、产出成果和推动学科交叉建设等方面发挥了重要作用。北京化工大学的基础研究工作在国家自然科学基金资助下取得了较快的发展。值此北京化工大学建校60周年华诞之际,本文以我校2003年-2017年申请与获批国家自然科学基金数据库为基础,回顾了北京化工大学近十五来年国家自然科学基金项目的申请和资助情况,重点分析了北京化工大学国家自然科学基金项目资助数量、经费、类别、学部分布,以及负责人的学科、年龄、学历和职称分布,同时梳理了北京化工大学十五年以来国家自然科学基金项目管理工作情况,从国家自然科学基金项目的申报、执行过程、结题验收、项目经费、结余资金和档案归档管理等几个方面加以分析,总结了国家自然科学基金组织管理的工作成效、经验和不足。以期探索完善我校国家自然科学基金项目管理水平提升的有效途径,为今后学校制定科学发展战略和科技政策提供参考依据, 并对今后更加有效地促进学校基础研究的持续发展提出建议。 相似文献
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The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is located in Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, and has its own characteristics among the universities in China. Established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), USTC is distinctively tinted with a scientific color. It is also famous for its ‘Special Class for the Gifted Young’ and is considered one of the best Chinese universities in the fields of science and technology (S&T). Recently, National Science Review interviewed Professor Xinhe Bao, the President of USTC, about the characteristics of the university and the education and research in China. Xinhe Bao is an academician of CAS and has made seminal contributions in catalysis and energy chemistry in the past decades. Before joining USTC, he had worked at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), CAS and Fudan University (Shanghai), and thus possesses an in-depth understanding of the education and research in China. 相似文献
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分析中国低碳研究领域的研究热点、代表学者、主要研究机构、重要载文期刊等,对清楚认识和把握中国低碳研究的现状具有一定的意义。基于知识图谱理论,本文采用Citespace软件,对CNKI中2003年-2011年间的低碳研究的相关文献进行分析,绘制中国低碳研究的关键词、作者、机构、期刊等知识图谱。分析结果显示,目前我国低碳研究主要围绕低碳经济、低碳城市、低碳技术、低碳社会、低碳农业、低碳旅游、低碳消费展开;陈晓春、庄贵阳、杨志、诸大建等为我国低碳研究领域的重要学者,并且我国低碳研究领域的学者基本处于独自研究的状态;中国社会科学院、清华大学、四川大学、湖南大学、中国人民大学等为主要的研究机构;《环境保护》、《生态经济》、《中国人口·资源与环境》等为高载文期刊。 相似文献
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2016年5月,习近平总书记发出了"为建设世界科技强国而奋斗"的号召,并在"科技三会"上明确了"我国要建设世界科技强国,关键是要建设一支规模宏大、结构合理、素质优良的创新人才队伍"。近年来,我国相继出台各项政策以构建科技人才队伍。在引进全球科技人才方面,公安部在上海、北京、广东等地,依托对人才、企业、产业具有高度聚集效应和政策先行优势的中国(上海)自由贸易试验区、中关村国家自主创新示范区等园区推出了一系列政策,在聚集科技人才方面发挥了重要的作用。文章对科技人才、科技人才政策及其对世界科技强国的作用做了简单阐述,分析了我国国际科技人才出入境政策突破现状、国内外最新发展形势,提出了放宽外国留学生在华实习就业限制、吸引优秀留学人员回国创新创业、实施华裔卡制度吸引海外科技专业人士贡献力量、推动科技人才职业资格国际认证、进一步推动创新资源向国际开放、强化知识产权保护和服务等政策建议,以期助推我国世界科技强国建设。 相似文献
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冰冻圈科学作为一门自然和人文深度交叉的新兴学科，其目的是认识自然规律，服务人类社会，促进可持续发展。近年来，中国冰冻圈研究实现了从传统基础研究到服务国家重大需求的跨越，这标志着学科的日臻成熟。北京冬奥会是我国重要历史节点的重大标志性活动。早在2016年冬奥会申办成功之初，当意识到国际顶级赛事对雪冰特殊需求“近在眼前”后，冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室即以国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目（三期）和中国科学院学部院士咨询项目为依托，率先在河北张家口滑雪场开展了观测研究。过去5年来，冬奥雪务需求牵引着我国冰冻圈科学团队在雪冰物理关键技术环节上集中攻关，推动了学科向应用领域的延拓，取得了预期成果。文章总结研究团队研发的冬奥雪务保障关键技术，展望我国冰雪产业发展路径，从战略思维、科学积淀及实践创新的角度阐述冰冻圈科学的应用及拓展，提出了相关思考和建议。 相似文献