共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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决策作为一种高级认知活动,存在于人们的日常生活中。决策过程中的理性与非理性是决策理论争论的一个热点。Kahneman和Tversky(1981)提出的"框架效应"体现了决策过程中问题表述对理性决策的干扰,描述了决策问题中因情景表述的改变而导致选择偏好改变的现象。认知风格作为一个重要的个体认知活动差异变量,对决策过程产生了重要的作用,尤其是对框架效应产生了不可忽视的影响,该现象已引起了研究者们的高度重视。在回顾决策中框架效应的提出、框架效应的影响因素,以及认知风格如何影响框架效应等几方面内容的基础上,总结分析了以往研究中存在的不足以及未来需要解决的问题。 相似文献
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框架效应指当决策问题的表述发生改变时,决策选择发生反转的现象。该现象体现了决策过程中问题表述对理性决策的干扰。以往研究对风险决策框架给予了高度关注,然而缺乏对其他类型决策框架以及框架效应影响因素的探讨。认知风格和性别作为重要的个体差异变量,对决策中不同类型框架效应产生了怎样的影响目前仍不清楚。本研究采用问卷调查法,对该问题进行了探讨。研究发现：（1）与男生相比,女生更容易出现框架效应;（2）认知风格与框架效应具有显著相关关系;（3）认知风格对不同类型的框架效应存在不同的影响,场依存认知风格的人更容易产生风险框架效应和目标框架效应,场独立认知风格的人更容易产生属性框架效应。 相似文献
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傅新春 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2004,18(4):62-63
经营者利用框架来对企业进行经营管理,但是,有时框架也会产生盲点和陷阱。通过对认知框架和框架效应的分析,指出了在企业经营管理中应对框架效应的策略以及如何建立和管理科学框架的问题。 相似文献
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《华夏少年(简快作文 )》2016,(2)
在现实的数学课堂教学中,有些知识点尽管练得很多但仍屡屡出错。如何在教学中巧设陷阱,巧妙地在新知内容与原有认知结构之间制造冲突,把学生引入迫切需要探究的学习情景中,使学生在"落入"和"走出"陷阱的过程中吃一堑长一智,使他们在挫折中经受锻炼和获取有益经验,这对学生数学能力的培养有很大的帮助。主要从"陷阱"存在的背景及"陷阱"教学的作用、数学"陷阱"的题目类型、"陷阱"的设置及思维能力的培养三方面进行阐述。 相似文献
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俞红燕 《华夏少年(简快作文 )》2011,(2)
生活中有陷阱,数学中也有"陷阱".在初中数学教学中,既有数学史上的老"陷阱",又有教师根据学生认知上的片面性或思维缺陷而设置的,以暴露学生错误的新"陷阱".学生之所以落人教师所没的"陷阱",究其原因,一方面是双基掌握不扎实,另一方面是思维上缺乏严密性、深刻性、批判性.教师若能在教学中巧没陷阱,则可以让学生在"落人"与"走出"陷阱的过程中,吃一堑长一智,在"滚、爬、摔、打"中经受锻炼,积累经验,扩展视野,完善认知结构,继而使学生的分析问题能力、逻辑推理能力及理性思维能力等方面得到进一步的发展.那么该如何在数学教学中设置陷阱?现结合教学上的一些体会,淡谈自己的看法. 相似文献
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教师的文化-认知是如何影响课程政策实施的:以“研究性学习”政策为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究借用新制度主义的分析概念和框架,分析影响学校教师课程政策实施行为的文化-认知因素。本研究发现并提取出了三个与研究性学习政策实施密切相关,而又经常被学校教师用来理解教育行为与现象的认知图式或思维模式:"应试图式"、"学科教学图式"、"身份图式"。这些共享的认知图式使得不同的学校教师会以某种相似的方式去理解各种研究性学习及其实施,并得出许多相似的认识和结论,这些共同的理解又直接地影响到了他们的政策实施行为决策。 相似文献
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梁国忠 《数学学习与研究(教研版)》2013,(8):21+23
陷阱是指人们在认识事物过程中不知不觉地陷入其中的一种认识的片面性.数学设"陷"是针对学生由于对某些数学概念、定理等方面的理解不够全面深刻而表现在推理、判断及处理问题的方法上的失误等现象,有的放矢地选编出一些带有迷惑性的题目,布设"陷阱".数学设"陷",暴露学生认知中一些错误、片面的观点,促其反思、剖析、矫正. 相似文献
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Sarah Riggs Stapleton 《Environmental Education Research》2019,25(5):732-750
AbstractIn this paper, I present evidence for framing climate change education around social justice. More specifically, I provide empirical support for framing climate change education around intragenerational climate justice, and argue that this frame can influence youth in industrialized, wealthy nations to become mobilized, climate-engaged individuals. To do so, I apply critical qualitative analysis to narratives from American youth who participated in a global climate change education program in Bangladesh. My findings include the importance of contextualizing climate justice, framing climate change around humans, implicating ourselves in the problem and recognizing our own obligations in mitigation, seeing climate change as real and tangible, being in a place impacted by climate change, feeling solidarity with those impacted, and recognizing social injustice and power disparities within climate change impacts. Based on these findings, I recommend an approach that provides context, nuance, and personal connection to an otherwise abstract global problem. 相似文献
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建构良好的国家形象对提升我国的国际地位具有十分重要的意义,而对外新闻报道中的叙事建构是建构国家形象的重要途径。基于蒙娜·贝克的叙事理论,对最近两年来中国面向东盟的英文新闻报道及相对应的中文报道进行对比分析,发现译者在新闻编译中多采用时空建构、文本素材选择性采用与标示性建构等策略来对原文进行翻译叙事重构,突显能彰显良好国家形象的叙事,弱化与国家形象建构关系不大的叙事,在国际语境中建构与传播良好的中国国家形象。 相似文献
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Ryan Nausieda 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(10):917-926
The purpose of this article is to be a tool for community college leaders, as well as campus members, to positively and effectively utilize framing on their campuses. The fictional case of Maggie Pascal at Midwestern Community College illustrates the process of framing the change of a new partnership with Wind Energy Corporation to internal stakeholders on campus. This case illustrates the importance of understanding context and frames before the action of framing can be activated. A leader can then decide which type of framing to utilize (i.e., step-by-step, vision, or connective) and which language tools will be most effective in framing. The ways a practitioner operationalizes framing is through symbolism, talking, walking, and writing (Eddy, 2010a). This idea of framing is an important skill leaders can proactively develop to support their campuses through change processes to enhance the likelihood for a successful change outcome. Also, this may benefit other campus members who may have the opportunity to frame meaning for others or to be involved in making sense of a leader’s framing. 相似文献
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人们对自己的经验感知进行语言表述时通常有两种图式化的视角框架可供选择：再现型和陈述型;两者的认知构建模式不同。笔者对他人的经验感知进行表述时,由于他人经验的低可及性,视角框架的选取、构建肯定与第一人称不同。笔者本文通过故事转述这一形式对转述话语中视角框架的使用和典型语言体现手段进行调查研究,发现第三人称口头叙事中,视角框架的使用以“陈述型”为主,说明转述者关注的焦点是故事的“事件性”。少量“再现型”框架的使用是语境制约下转述者进行“移情”处理的结果。 相似文献
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The development of metacontrol of decision making and its susceptibility to framing effects were investigated in a sample of 201 adolescents and adults in Germany (12–25 years, 111 female, ethnicity not recorded). In a task that dissociates model-free and model-based decision making, outcome magnitude and outcome valence were manipulated. Both adolescents and adults showed metacontrol and metacontrol tended to increase across adolescence. Furthermore, model-based decision making was more pronounced for loss compared to gain frames but there was no evidence that this framing effect differed with age. Thus, the strategic adaptation of decision making continues to develop into young adulthood and for both adolescents and adults, losses increase the motivation to invest cognitive resources into an effortful decision-making strategy. 相似文献
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Randall G. Rogan 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(2):157-173
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框架理论是一个语义研究的新视角,语言信息和词汇语义可以唤起框架;框架的构建有助于我们对语言表达的理解。本文从框架理论视角分析二战后美国总统就职演说中自由民主主题下的语言表达,发现美国总统使用一些特定语言词汇成功构建一个"英雄"框架来塑造美国的"英雄"形象,并把美国推广自由民主价值观的行为框定为"正义"与"邪恶"之战。 相似文献
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Anders Persson 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(5):499-514
This paper aims to show how the Goffman frame perspective can be used in an analysis of school and education and how it can be combined, in such analysis, with the frame factor perspective. The latter emphasizes factors that are determined outside the teaching process, while the former stresses how actors organize their experiences and define shared situations. In this light, an analysis of framing of and in Swedish compulsory school, based on governing documents, is carried out. Since the frame factors are contradictory, different possibilities to frame school in the Goffmanian sense present themselves to the school actors. In spite of frame factors, school can be framed in different and inconstant ways, for example, as an institution, an organization, a movement, or a seminar. Such nuance shifts show different dynamics of social interaction in school and can be used to understand variations between and within schools. 相似文献
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J. Scott Weedon 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2017,26(4):361-378
This article presents a case study using ethnographic and visual methods to investigate the framing activity of engineering students. Findings suggest students use the rhetorical figure of hypotyposis to produce the vivid images needed to frame engineering constraints. Data reveal students multimodally inducing collaboration between group members to construct images as ways to configure engineering constraints. The author argues for the usefulness of hypotyposis for understanding the framing of engineers, technical communicators, and other designers. 相似文献