共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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<正>近几十年来,传统化石燃料的大规模利用引起了诸如温室效应、空气污染和水污染等一系列严重的环境问题,开发既不依赖化石燃料也不排放二氧化碳的可再生能源势在必行。《巴黎协定》承诺在21世纪末将全球平均气温较前工业化时期上升幅度控制在2℃以内,并努力将温度上升幅度限制在1.5℃以内;我国政府承诺力争于2030年前实现碳达峰,2060年前实现碳中和,减少碳排放已经成为未来几十年能源产业重要的发展方向之一。氢能是全球公认的清洁可再生能源,具有能量密度高、燃烧后无污染的特点,是替代传统化石燃料的理想能源燃料,也是实现碳中和目标的重要载体,是我国战略性新兴产业和未来产业重点发展的方向。 相似文献
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正近百年来,地球气候经历了一次以全球变暖为主要特征的显著变化,并在近年来愈演愈烈。2018年,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会发布了《IPCC全球升温1.5℃特别报告》再一次为全人类敲响了警钟:一旦全球平均气温较工业化前水平升高1.5℃甚至是2℃,那么将会为地球、人类以及动植物带来不可挽回的影响。 相似文献
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王亮 《科技成果管理与研究》2021,16(5):8-10
2015年,巴黎气候变化大会通过了《巴黎协定》,成为全球应对气候变化的转折点,引领世界迈向低碳可持续发展的未来.我国于2016年正式加入这一协定,明确提出了阶段性减碳计划,将低碳能源革命定义为"十三五"规划的重要目标.面对能源发展的新形势与新问题,国家明确要求"推进能源革命,构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系". 相似文献
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技术进步推动下全球经济增长与自主碳减排效果研究 《科学学研究》2017,35(3):379-386
针对现有的IAM在技术进步机制上存在缺陷,本文CIECIA模型（Wang等,2016）中引入广义低碳技术概念,以研发投资驱动过程技术进步速度的方式实现了技术进步的内生化,对世界主要经济体未来的经济发展和碳排放进行预测,并模拟了研发投资率提高对经济和碳排放的影响。结果显示：基准情景下中国、印度等发展中国家由于经济快速发展仍然存在较大的碳排放需求,其中中国在2034年左右达到碳高峰,而已经完成工业化的欧美发达国家经济增长缓慢,其碳排放处于下降趋势。研发投资率的提高可以明显降低各国,尤其是发展中国家的碳排放,使其碳高峰大幅提前。当研发投资率提高到7%以上时大多数国家可实现其INDC目标,并将地表温度控制在2℃以内,而16%的研发投资率可实现2100年1.5℃温控目标。然而,由于各国的研发能力有限,短期内研发投资率很难大幅上升,因此单纯提高研发投资难以实现全球气候保护目标。从政策设计的角度出发,提高研发投资促进经济发展,适合与其他生产破坏型减排措施组成政策簇,补偿由其他减排措施带来的经济损失,提高减排政策的可行性。 相似文献
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联合国政府气候变化专业委员会（IPCC）第27次全体会议于2007年12目至17目在西班牙巴伦西亚举行,发布了名为《气候变化2007》的第四份全球气候报告的第四部分——《综合报告》。《气候变化2007》披露的事实让人们对全球气候变化的真相有更多的了解。 相似文献
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气候变化是具有科学支撑的严肃事实,因此应对气候变化既是实现可持续发展的必需,也是全球治理的重要领域。《巴黎协定》是国际合作应对人类共同挑战的重要进展,绿色低碳发展已经成为世界主流共识。实现全球应对气候变化的共同目标,需要各国加强合作,不断强化应对气候变化行动。发达国家要尽快实现低碳转型发展,发展中国家也要加快低碳创新发展。中国在全球气候治理中发挥了积极建设性的作用,在五大发展理念的指导下,中国应对气候变化的战略和政策将不断强化和实施,从而为全球气候治理作出应有的更大贡献。 相似文献
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气候变化背景下人工造雪技术提升对中国滑雪季节长度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在全球气候变暖背景下,人工造雪是滑雪场经营者有效应对气候变化的重要措施。本文假定人工造雪适宜温度由现有的-5℃提升到-2℃,基于气象站点观测数据（1981—2010年）和IPCC AR5的RCPs未来情景数据,通过改进的SkiSim 2.0模型评估气候变化背景下人工造雪技术提升对中国滑雪季节长度的影响。研究表明：①在气候变化背景下,人工造雪技术提升将使得中国平均滑雪季节长度增加3%~12%,即使在2080s时期最高温室气体排放情景下（RCP 8.5）,78%的滑雪场能拥有超过100 d的滑雪季节长度;②受气候变化影响越大的滑雪场（如华北、华东、华中）,人工造雪技术提升使其滑雪季节长度增加越多;而人工造雪技术提升对受气候变化影响小的滑雪场（如东北、西北）作用有限;③地理环境条件是影响滑雪季节长度的根本因素,无论人工造雪技术是否提升,气候变化背景下中国100 d滑雪季节长度的地理分界线均为长白山—阴山—祁连山—天山。为适应及减缓气候变化的潜在影响,相关部门应致力于提升人工造雪技术,从供给侧保证中国滑雪旅游产业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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水泥生产的碳排放因子研究进展简 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水泥生产是除化石能源以外碳排放的重要来源。中国是世界上水泥产量最大的国家,水泥生产的碳排放问题不容忽视。2011年,中国水泥产量为20亿t占世界总产量的58.8%。中国水泥生产碳排放占世界水泥排放的比重增至60.6%,与此同时,水泥排放占中国碳排放总量的比重也增至11.3%。当前,国际默认的水泥生产碳排放因子已不能满足中国碳排放核算的需求。加强中国水泥生产碳排放因子计算方法研究,对科学、准确核算中国水泥生产的碳排放具有重要现实意义。本文在系统梳理政府间气候变化专门委员会（Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change,IPCC）、世界可持续发展工商理事会（World Business Council for Sustainable Development,WBCSD）水泥可持续发展自愿性协议（Cement Sustainability Initiative,CSI）即WBCSD/CSI 和中国建筑材料研究总院（ChinaBuilding Materials Academy,CDMA）水泥生产碳排放因子核算边界、计算方法基础上,对上述计算方法进行了比较,在辨析参数选择、不确定性差异的基础上揭示了水泥生产的碳排放因子的影响因素,讨论了各种计算方法在中国的适应性,为未来中国水泥生产的碳排放因子计算方法的选择及构建奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献