共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
本文介绍了建筑信息模型BIM基本原理和功能及工程造价管理当前存在的问题,探析了BIM技术应用于工程造价管理作用机理。 相似文献
2.
工程造价对于建筑企业来说,至关重要,建筑企业能否实现又快又稳的发展,关键是工程造价是否合理。因而,它主要关系着建筑企业的发展状况。其中,工程造价由很多部分组成,而预结算则是其中之一。随着社会的发展,市场竞争力越来越激烈,建筑企业要想在社会上立足,就必须清楚了解,熟练对工程造价中的预结算的要点进行综合分析。并根据分析制定出相应的工作计划,进而确保工程结算的质量。本文作者结合多年来的工作经验,对建筑工程造价预结算审核工作关键点进行了研究,具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
3.
随着我国大力推进低碳节能环保产业的发展,绿色建筑材料逐渐被建筑厂商所认可,由于能源日益紧张与短缺,建筑材料的节能生产与发展也势在必行。也逐渐得到了社会各界的认可,建筑的节能减排发展很大程度上依赖于绿色建筑材料的发展,从墙体、门窗、屋面等多个角度考虑节能减排才能达到建筑整体节能减排的目的,实现绿色经济发展。 相似文献
4.
建筑领域将工程造价作为评价投资效益性、决策合理性和施工质量性的重要参考新时期的市场背景下更应该发挥工程造价的积极作用。对工程造价进行审核是确保工程造价科学性和合理性的重要基础。当前应该从工程造价审核人员和审核工作两个方面入手提高审核人员思想重视程度提升素质能力,形成内在保障。在招投标文件、工程量清单的审核上加强规范性达到工程造价的外在保障。努力实现工程造价应用工作的深化在充分实现工程造价工作价值的基础上打造出建筑的精品和施工的典范。 相似文献
5.
由于建筑行业市场准入门槛较低,施工企业作为建筑产品的生产者与制造者,发展数量日趋庞大,建筑市场的竞争日益激烈,而施工建造成本却日益增高,产值利润率日趋低下,利润空间越来越小.本文分析了施工企业工程造价的影响因素,并提出控制对策. 相似文献
6.
随着可持续发展理念的深入,人们的节能环保意识明显提高,变电所作为电力系统的重要组成部分,同时也是耗能大户,引起人们的广泛关注。变压器是变电所最主要的耗能设备,开关、母线等电力设施相对耗能较少,为了提高变电所的节能性,应积极采取有效措施,严格落实每个环节的节能管理,进一步提升变电所的经济效益和社会效益。本文分析了变电所变压器的节能措施、变电所线路的节能措施和变电所建筑的节能措施。 相似文献
7.
随着经济的发展,我国建筑业也实现了较大幅度的发展,而工程造价作为建筑工程管理中的重要环节,受到了越来越多的重视。随着市场经济体制的确立与完善,工程造价也由传统的静态管理转变为动态管理,其中最为重要的环节就是工程预结算的管理工作。预结算工作是否完善,直接影响着工程的总造价,进而影响企业经济效益和社会效益的实现。本文就针对审查中存在的问题和具体方法进行全面的分析。 相似文献
8.
工程造价是指工程项目建设全过程所花费的各类项目费用的总和。由于工程造价关系到每一个建设项目从建设可行性研究阶段到项目运行投产各个阶段的投资、管理、建设、设计、施工、运营等部门的切身利益。科学管理、合理控制工程造价一直是有关各方研究和探讨的问题。本文从影响工程造价的主要因素入手,给出合理的控制方法,从而指导工程建设相关部门对建设项目工程造价进行科学合理的控制和管理。 相似文献
9.
随着国内科学技术的不断发展,建筑暖通空调系统也在节能环保等方面提出了更好的要求.但目前,暖通空调系统的高能耗却与改善公共建筑的热环境,提高暖通空调系统的能源利用效率相互抵触,所以,对建筑项目中暖通空调进行节能设计的问题必须开展持续而深入的探讨,以保证暖通空调专业以科学合理的设计实现节能减排的目标. 相似文献
10.
11.
This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
12.
Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
13.
14.
重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
15.
本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
16.
对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
17.
18.
影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
19.
青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。 相似文献
20.
The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献