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女性身体观与女性体育互动关系的历史演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从女性解放角度在历史和逻辑的辨析中展开女性身体观与女性体育互动关系的分析,得出如下结论:1)女性体育与其所处社会文化中的女性身体观之间的互动关系,既具有适应、认同和融合,也具有冲突、排斥和对立关系.2)女性身体观的发展受认知水平、社会变革和文化变迁等因素的影响.随着历史的发展,主导的女性身体观呈现逐渐由生物身体观向社会身体观,进而向审美身体观过渡的趋势.在这种趋势的影响下,女性竞技体育开始出现;女性参加体育人数从少数到多数;从参加少数体育项目到几乎所有项目,还根据女性自身的特点设置了女子项目;领导决策层中从没有女性到女性比例不断增加.3)女性体育的发展过程不仅体现了女性身体观对它的影响作用,而且也反映了其与女性身体观不断冲突,从而促进女性身体观朝向女性解放的方向发展. 相似文献
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本研究通过对中年肥胖女性网球训练前与网球训练后身体各项指标进行对比,观察参加网球饭炼前后身体成分各项指标变化,分析冈球运动对中年肥胖女性身体成分的影响。结果表明：经过长期网球运动锻炼能够显著改善肥胖中年士性身体形态、身体机能及身体成分的各项指标,促进身体健康发展。 相似文献
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通过实验法对太原市3所健身俱乐部的30名青年女性在加入乒乓球运动前后的身体形态变化进行研究,对比和分析实验前后的数据,得出乒乓球运动对提高青年女性身体形态的指数起到良好作用。 相似文献
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《体育与科学》2014,(1)
采用质性研究的范式,运用文献资料与深度访谈等研究方法对女性参与拳击项目历程的身体博弈进行研究。认为:在社会学领域里女性的身体是兼具自然性与社会性的双重身躯;社会文化所营造出的角色期许促使女性身体社会化进程中具备了性别角色差异;由于社会文化和性别角色期许女性从一开始对蕴含着男性气质特征的拳击项目具有排斥心理;但是在家庭、国家体制和教练权力场域的综合作用下女性经历了从误识到职业、由被动到主动的身体博弈过程;家庭和教练权力在这一过程中通过显性的直接力量进行干预,国家制度权力则通过隐性的文化力量进行引导;认同和反抗是女性拳击运动员在这一过程中的身体博弈策略和躯体化表达。 相似文献
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在对《时间的女儿:西方传统中的女性》和《解放女性的身体:鼓舞人心的偶像》两本书比较和分析的基础上,作者提醒人们注意在对现代娱乐、女性解放和权利之间的复杂关系进行讨论时,很容易成为一种严格二分法(妇女为受害者,男子为迫害者)的牺牲品;还要注意一种危险倾向,即男人退居幕后,成为女性的坚强后盾。二十一世纪的女性身体娱乐研究要抛弃过去消极、简单的二分法,代之以多元、复杂和细致的研究。 相似文献
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有氧运动与女性形体及身体自尊关系的实验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
探讨有氧运动与女性形体及身体自尊之间的关系，通过45周的有氧健美操训练发现：它可以有效改善女性形体；提高女性外显身体自尊水平；内隐身体自尊和外显身体自尊是两种不同的心理结构；内隐身体自尊不受训练的影响，具有较强的稳定性。 相似文献
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通过对汉画和文献等进行检索和梳理,探讨我国汉代女性身体活动的种类和内容。汉画中女性身体活动形态多样,文化内涵深厚,对我国现代女子体育事业的发展有一定启示。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献