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1.
Prof. Dr. Manfred Prenzel 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2010,13(1):21-37
The term “transfer” in the context of learning and the application of research results should help us understand and support processes of applying this knowledge better. The article analyzes prerequisites and conditions for the transfer of educational knowledge and evidence to educational practice, which seem reasonable, but are often neglected. Model programs with empirically tested innovations serve as examples for the discussion of fruitful conditions in the evaluation research itself as well as in the context of application. Examples of “best” practice, finally, are used to sketch challenges and approaches for an educational research focused on transfer. 相似文献
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While teachers and practitioners are increasingly expected to conduct research on their own practice, there is a lot of educational research that is not directly involved in practice. This often leads to unilateral research perspectives on educational practice. Therefore, this article calls for an alternative model of researching educational practice, summarised through the term ‘pedagogical science’. We argue that practical and normative theories that seek to improve educational practice should be combined with theories that aim to describe and explain. It is further argued that the combination of such perspectives and theories, a so-called stereoscopic point of view, can allow for a thorough and holistic investigation of educational practice. As part of this argumentation, the article addresses critical questions of various theoretical models of educational research, models that are being used in Scandinavian, European and Anglo-American research on educational practice. With reference to interdisciplinary models of educational research, such as educational sciences, learning sciences and Bildungswissenschaften, there are trends in which pedagogy is marginalised. Thus, the second argument of the article calls for placing pedagogy at the centre of knowledge production in a broad sense, after which pedagogy is made into a source of knowledge for pedagogical science, which sets forth to test and provide empirical support for pedagogy-based knowledge. 相似文献
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Doune Macdonald David Kirk Michael Metzler Lynda M. Nilges Paul Schempp Jan Wright 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(2):133-156
Current debates about educational theory are concerned with the relationship between knowledge and power and thereby issues such as who possesses a “truth” and how have they arrived at it, what questions are important to ask, and how should they best be answered. As such, these debates revolve around questions of preferred, appropriate, and useful theoretical perspectives. This paper overviews the key theoretical perspectives that are currently used in physical education pedagogy research and considers how these inform the questions we ask and shapes the conduct of research. It also addresses what is contested with respect to these perspectives. The paper concludes with some “cautions” about allegiances to and use of theories in line with concerns for the applicability of educational research to pressing social issues. 相似文献
4.
《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2012,48(5-6):757-784
Internationalism became one of the keywords in the international intellectual and political debates at the end of the nineteenth century. As a political, cultural and social movement it also included science and education. The desire for international cooperation and global understanding was caused by the growing economic interdependence in the world and the threat to peace by nationalistic politics of the imperialistic powers. Within the context of discipline formation and fragmentation, cultural critique, social reform and pacifist movements, academic educationists, teachers and educational and social reformers in various countries tried to establish an international network to promote scientific cooperation, peace, mutual understanding and professional collaboration. In this article, the author will try to place the phenomenon of internationalism within the context of the formation of educational sciences in the early twentieth century. Drawing from the example of other scientific disciplines at this time, such as geography, meteorology and physics, one can assume that the internationalizing of education also increased its professional and scientific standards. The “disciplinarization process”1 of educational sciences was closely intertwined with the genesis of an international scientific network through special institutions. In order to investigate this assumption, the genesis, structure, contents and effects of international cooperation in the field of education in the first decades of the twentieth century will be considered. This international cooperation took on different shapes. It included, among others, the international exchange of teachers and students, international educational exhibitions, international congresses, transnational institutions, multilateral standardization and international journals. The focus will be on the main agents of institutionalized internationalization, namely international congresses and associations, and individual forms of international communication and cooperation will therefore not be dealt with. The article begins with a short overview of the different kinds of international educational congresses. Two types of internationalization within this institutional setting will then be introduced: the research‐oriented, “scientifically” based model of academic educationists (“new educational sciences”) and the instruction and reform‐oriented, “politically and morally” based model of a social movement (New Education). Finally the geographical extension of internationalization will be analyzed briefly before the main argument is set out in the concluding remarks, namely that the internationalization of education through international institutions found its driving force in moral and political assumptions of the teaching profession and its goals of school reform within the New Education rather than in an international scientific paradigm of the academic “new educational sciences”. 相似文献
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Cognitive Research and Elementary Science Instruction: From the Laboratory,to the Classroom,and Back 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Can cognitive research generate usable knowledge for elementary science instruction? Can issues raised by classroom practice drive the agenda of laboratory cognitive research? Answering yes to both questions, we advocate building a reciprocal interface between basic and applied research. We discuss five studies of the teaching, learning, and transfer of the “Control of Variables Strategy” in elementary school science. Beginning with investigations motivated by basic theoretical questions, we situate subsequent inquiries within authentic educational debates—contrasting hands-on manipulation of physical and virtual materials, evaluating direct instruction and discovery learning, replicating training methods in classroom, and narrowing science achievement gaps. We urge research programs to integrate basic research in “pure” laboratories with field work in “messy” classrooms. Finally, we suggest that those engaged in discussions about implications and applications of educational research focus on clearly defined instructional methods and procedures, rather than vague labels and outmoded “-isms.” 相似文献
7.
With the emergence of neo‐conservative and neo‐liberal ideologies since the early eighties the formula “quality” has superseded continuously the leitmotif “equality of educational opportunities” in debates on education in most member states of OECD—initially as reaction against reforms in the secondary sector of education, then in higher education by focusing on economic and administrative aspects. Although the term “quality” has remained rather vague, it has dominated debates on education since the early nineties and some observers even speak of a “quality movement”. With a certain delay, the same applies to teacher education (TE) and one may hold the impression that TE has been surprised by discussions on “quality in/of TE” which focus on economic and administrative aspects—aspects suppressed in most systems of TE in the member states of the European Union (EU) so far. This article analyses the complex background of debates on “quality in TE” by focusing on sociological perspectives and arguments of the educational sciences. Then it defines problem areas of TE which seem to be in need of improvement. Thirdly, it discusses measures to deal with perceived problems by taking into account experiences in various European countries discussed on occasion of an all‐European seminar of experts supported by the Commission of the European Union. In dynamic societies even preserving the existing “quality” of education systems and TE calls for permanent improvement. If it is intended to increase the “quality” of TE, improvements seem to be indispensable both permanently and of a substantial nature. Based on existing strength of TE and on continuous evaluation, improvements and reforms will be necessary both in its curricula (e.g. aims contents, methodologies) and in its organisational as well as administrative areas. Research in TE as well as competencies of teacher educators will have to play crucial roles. It might become possible to deal with a suppressed theme more pro‐actively. 相似文献
8.
库恩的范式理论产生了超出科学哲学界的巨大影响。然而,库恩在“范式”定义上的模糊性也招致了大量批评。库恩在晚年放弃了“范式”一词,但为时已晚,他承认“范式”一词已失控。鉴于“范式”一词已成为人们的日常用语,在各领域具有举足轻重的地位,以理性主义立场重新考察该概念及其定义就具有重要意义。库恩在《科学革命的结构》中展现出的矛盾的立场,为反驳相对主义的“范式”定义提供了线索。无论是在范式的诞生还是崩溃阶段,技术实践都发挥着举足轻重的作用。 相似文献
9.
Sara Day 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2013,29(1):36-53
This article presents findings of qualitative research commissioned by the Achievement for All project in a UK local authority. The research investigated how schools should engage parents, including those considered to be “hard to reach”. A focus group methodology was adapted to enable parents to provide answers to the research questions. The majority of parents contributing to the three focus groups were considered to be “hard to reach” by the schools that their children attended. The analysis employed an inductive thematic approach as a further means of listening to them. Main findings are presented as “a taxonomy for terms of engagement.” Implications for educational psychologists are raised. 相似文献
10.
于书娟李雨思 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2021,(3):90-100
作为教育史研究的新兴领域,教育身体史致力于研究历史上教育参与者的身体活动与教育理念、制度、实践等之间的相互关系。当前,教育身体史研究主题涵盖了身体的生理、心理、以及社会文化面向中身体的动态或静态表现;就研究对象而言,研究者更关注教育中的女性与儿童身体。同时,注重对于实物、影像等新史料的发掘与利用,基于福柯规训理论、知觉现象学和具身认知理论,采用隐喻、文本解读、话语分析和影像分析等方法展开研究。未来的教育身体史研究,应该警惕“身体”的模糊性,使相关研究从混沌走向清晰;应该注意对身体进行恰当深描,避免“抑身”或“扬身”的极端失重;在拓展跨学科研究与合作的同时,也要坚守身体史研究的教育立场。 相似文献
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《Teaching and Teacher Education》2004,20(7):731-744
This article focuses on teacher education reforms and related discourses. Internationally, the last decade has been an intensive period of educational reforms and restructuring, particularly regarding teacher education. Even though teacher education in Europe has a high degree of complexity and variations, common trends in the reforms are identifiable. The article deals with trends and tensions in teacher education reforms examining Norwegian teacher education as a “case” within Europe. As an analytical tool, the term “warrants”, interpreted as “reasonable grounds” for actions, is used together with our own analytical categories to capture trends in teacher education in a global perspective. One conclusion is that we can see the impact of the new global market orientation in the national discourses on teacher education. 相似文献
12.
对教育理论与教育实践关系的争论,产生了对教育实践的逻辑、策略的关注。在关于教育实践的理论研究中,分别形成了“理论实践”、“制度-实践”两种规范体系的分析框架。理论逻辑的特性限制了“理论实践”分析框架对教育实践的把握;而“制度-实践”的分析框架仍然难以解释日常教育实践的丰富形态。针对上述两种“规范-实践”分析框架的“解释残余”,引入“表达实践”的分析框架,尝试揭示教育实践在与理论、政策的张力乃至和“表达”的背离中自身独特的逻辑,并重新审视教育理论与教育实践的关系。 相似文献
13.
Mark G. Simkin William L. Kuechler 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2005,3(1):73-98
Instructors can use both “multiple‐choice” (MC) and “constructed response” (CR) questions (such as short answer, essay, or problem‐solving questions) to evaluate student understanding of course materials and principles. This article begins by discussing the advantages and concerns of using these alternate test formats and reviews the studies conducted to test the hypothesis (or perhaps better described as the hope) that MC tests, by themselves, perform an adequate job of evaluating student understanding of course materials. Despite research from educational psychology demonstrating the potential for MC tests to measure the same levels of student mastery as CR tests, recent studies in specific educational domains find imperfect relationships between these two performance measures. We suggest that a significant confound in prior experiments has been the treatment of MC questions as homogeneous entities when in fact MC questions may test widely varying levels of student understanding. The primary contribution of the article is a modified research model for CR/MC research based on knowledge‐level analyses of MC test banks and CR question sets from basic computer language programming. The analyses are based on an operationalization of Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Goals for the domain, which is used to develop a skills‐focused taxonomy of MC questions. However, we propose that their analyses readily generalize to similar teaching domains of interest to decision sciences educators such as modeling and simulation programming. 相似文献
14.
This article represents an attempt to reconcile discussions of aspects of educational research with recent developments in complexity science. It is argued that current characterizations of and distinctions among research methodologies in education are potentially counterproductive, in large part because they tend to be defined against or in terms of principles and methods that have been rendered problematic within the sciences. To develop this point, the authors draw on several contemporary discourses: poststructuralist methods are used to foreground the Euclidean (plane) geometric roots of much of the vocabulary of educational research; fractal geometry is taken as a source of images and analogies to support alternative conceptions of knowledge, learning and teaching; informed by poststructuralist and fractal geometric notions, the authors turn to complexity science and argue that it is fitted to and offers important elaborations of current discussions of educational research methodologies. In the process, they suggest that it may be time to abandon some of the prominent distinctions used to describe educational research, including ‘quantitative versus qualitative’ and ‘sciences versus humanities’. 相似文献
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This article explores the concept of “cleverness” as it is employed by Tanzanian youth to improve their likelihood of succeeding in school. It analyzes the Swahili term ujanja, which combines cleverness, opportunism, and deception, while it also illustrates an educational anthropologist’s ongoing process of familiarization and defamiliarization with this culturally salient concept over many years of fieldwork and engagement with key participants. Specifically, the study draws on interviews with youth participating in a longitudinal study on Mount Kilimanjaro and an extended life history interview with a close friend and research assistant. The interviews reveal the strategies used by some youth to evade peer pressure, thwart sexual advances, and cultivate relationships with school sponsors. The article concludes with a call for greater use of life history methodologies in the study of complex cultural concepts like “cleverness” and of textual forms that elucidate the emotional complexity of narrator/interpreter relationships. 相似文献
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Paul Smeyers Lynn Fendler 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2015,51(6):674-690
Debates in science seem to depend on referential language-games, but in other senses they do not. Language works in more complex ways, even in work that purports to be purely scientific. This article investigates the scope and limitations of language-games in educational history and theory. The study addresses concepts and pictures as examples of how language can work in theoretical, philosophical and historiographical interpretation. Attention is drawn to the legacy of Wittgensteinian insights, which highlights the “pictorial form”; thus the article deals with the problems that occur when our “picturing” of reality is forgotten, which led to the particular turn educational research has taken nowadays. This forgetting distracts the attention from the kind of research that is required to do justice to the educational field. From his stance, it is argued that though some kind of correspondence theory will always be part of the objectivity to which educational research aspires, there is no need to limit such a theory to a naive form of it. Instead, a broadened notion of correspondence theory can be offered where the various levels and language-games that are involved can be taken into account. 相似文献
18.
在西方法律思想研究传统中,自古希腊时代起,就存在着与社会科学研究方法不同的"法律数学思想"传统。近年来,这种以数学理性思维和数学工具为方法论的法律研究在我国方兴未艾。但由于长期以来自然科学和社会科学领域存在着的研究思想和方法的鸿沟,理论界对于这种"法律数学思想"研究还有很大的质疑声,认为这种研究方法背离了法律价值判断的基本属性。从本质上看,这种质疑观点是"科学主义"与"人本主义"之间争论在法律数学思想研究上的具体体现。所以,如何实现"形式理性"与"实质理性"的辩证统一,是开展法律数学研究必须首先解决的关键问题。 相似文献
19.
Prof. Dr. Harm Kuper 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2010,13(3):345-362
This leading article assumes that the understanding of learning is increasingly influenced by educational science and identifies several theoretical starting points for research in adult education. In doing so, the understanding of learning will be discussed in relation to various related disciplines and non-scientific discourses. The account is based on a scheme of self-reference and external-reference founded in systems theory which captures the relational character of learning—something that is developed more or less explicitly in all theoretical portrayals of learning. Central aspects for the facilitation of adult learning, such as self-monitoring of learning, the relationship of learning to meaning expressed in the term “competency”, embedding learning in social expectations and assumptions, as well as the link between individual learning and the learning of social systems, can be captured within this theoretical framework and related to one another. 相似文献
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母小勇 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2020,(2):37-42
自然科学研究的目标是发现自然事物的实然秩序,教育研究的目标是探寻应然的教育行为。教育研究的逻辑是通过观测到的“或然映像”推断实然的教育事实,发现某种实然教育行为与受教育者随之发生的实然变化之间的相关性,根据对实然教育事实的价值判断,设计更加合理的教育行为,最终形成新的教育理论与实践体系。教育实证研究离不开理论研究成果指导,教育理论研究需要实证研究提供事实支撑。教育研究应该保持理论研究与实证研究之间的张力,既要以教育目的与理念为指导开展实证研究,也要开展关注本土现实教育实践的理论研究,从而实现教育研究的科学化。 相似文献