共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
为探究中国创业型大学的现状,探索更有效的大学“知识与技术溢出”途径,本文对我国高校院系的创业导向及其环境影响因素和创业绩效进行了实证研究。通过对343份样本数据的实证分析发现：(1)中国高校院系的创业导向受到学科、国家资助情况、技术转移人员和机构支持环境因素的显著影响,而经济区域和大学声誉无显著影响；(2)高校的创业导向将显著激发师生参加创业活动,主要体现为专利发明、衍生企业创办、产业合作、毕业生创业和博士生校外择业方面的创业绩效。研究结果在丰富创业型大学研究和产学研合作研究的同时,也提出了相应的政策建议,对我国构建创业型大学提供了有价值的启示。 相似文献
2.
3.
Success breeds success: The linkage between relationship intensity and tangible outcomes in industry–university collaborative ventures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
While advancing new technologies has not traditionally been a major focus of industry–university collaboration, this article stresses that industry–university alliances can be instrumental in facilitating the industrial firm's advancement of both knowledge and new technologies. To investigate this phenomenon, this study focuses on industry–university relationships within the context of university research centers. The results from this multi-method, cross-sectional study indicate that a positive, two-way linkage exists between the intensity of industry–university relationships and the level of tangible outcomes generated. Results also show that while organization size and length of relationship do not significantly affect these dynamics, the industrial firm's geographic proximity to the university research center does. The implications of these findings for both industrial firms and universities are discussed. 相似文献
4.
This paper analyses the main factors which determine the effectiveness of government-supported industrial research institutes (GSIRIs). GSIRIs are viewed as a sub-system of a larger, more complex system that is composed of the industrial environment, the universities, and the government. The interactions between GSIRIs and each of the components of their environment are examined.The potential effectiveness of a GSIRI is largely affected by the relationship, or ‘distance’, between industry's level of sophistication in performing its R&D activities and the nature of the university's applied research activities. The government influences this distance by affecting the supply of, and demand for, industrial R&D. Government usually intervenes by establishing specialized GSIRIs when the gap between industry's needs and the university's supply of R&D services is great. The role of a GSIRI may decline over time if industry becomes more sophisticated and/or the university becomes more applied. 相似文献
5.
国际创业型大学研究现状的知识图谱分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对创业型大学1990-2007年间的研究状况进行了科学计量分析并绘制其知识图谱。该图谱显示出此研究领域存在三大主流学术群体:群体1,其研究焦点为大学技术转让、大学专利管理;群体2,其关注焦点是"官、产、学"三螺旋间的相互关系;群体3,其研究聚集在创业教育、风险投资等方面。最后对创业型大学的未来进行了展望。 相似文献
6.
创业型大学视野下我国高校师资队伍建设新探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
创业型大学是高等教育发展的重要趋势之一.分析创业型大学的内涵和特征,认为国内高校要建设创业型大学,教师应具备强烈的竞争意识、创新意识、市场意识、合作意识和品牌意识.探讨我国高校的发展定位和方向、师资队伍建设状况及存在问题,并从教师引进、培养、绩效评价、学术环境和人事制度等五个方面提出了服务创业型大学的高校师资队伍建设创新的具体思路. 相似文献
7.
Startups by recent university graduates and their faculty: Implications for university entrepreneurship policy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Earlier research on the role of universities in fostering entrepreneurial economic development almost exclusively covers spin-offs by faculty and staff. In contrast, we provide general evidence from the U.S. showing that the gross flow of start-ups by recently graduated students with an undergraduate degree in science or engineering is at least an order of magnitude larger than the spin-offs by their faculty, that a recent graduate is twice as likely as her Professor to start a business within three years of graduation, and that the graduates’ spin-offs are not of low quality. Three case studies illustrate how universities may stimulate science and engineering students and recent graduates to create new firms of high quality. We conclude that transforming university goals and practices toward increasing start-ups led by faculty might not be the most effective way for universities to stimulate entrepreneurial economic development. 相似文献
8.
国家大学科技园是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,是中国特色高等教育体系的重要环节。国家大学科技园对提高高校科技成果转化能力、促进创新创业人才培养和推动产学研有机融合具有重要的战略意义。作为宁夏唯一一所国家级大学科技园,宁夏大学国家大学科技园在深化高等学校创新创业教育改革的背景下,必须充分发挥自身优势,勇于破解自身在建设和发展中的矛盾与问题,采取有效应对策略,将其打造成各类创新融合、汇聚和聚变的大平台,更好地服务于区域发展和创新创业人才培养。 相似文献
9.
Leland L. Glenna Rick Welsh David ErvinWilliam B. Lacy Dina Biscotti 《Research Policy》2011,40(7):957-968
Policies designed to promote the commercialization of university science have provoked concern that basic and publicly accessible research may be neglected. Commercialization policies have altered traditional institutional incentives and constraints, which raises new questions regarding the influence of scientists’ values on university research agendas. Our research builds on previous quantitative studies measuring changes in research outcomes and qualitative studies probing differentiation among scientists’ value orientations. We developed a nation-wide survey of 912 plant and animal biotechnology scientists at 60 research universities. Our analysis reveals that scientists’ value orientations on what we classify as “market” and “expert” science affect the amount of industry funding they receive, the proprietary nature of their discoveries, and the percentage of basic science research conducted in their laboratories. We also find that the percentage of industry funding is significantly associated with more applied research. Our findings provide insights for science and society theory and suggest that strong incentives for public-science research along with adequate public-research funds to preserve the university's vital role in conducting basic and non-proprietary research are needed to complement private-sector research investments at universities. 相似文献
10.
Building an innovation hub: A case study of the transformation of university roles in regional technological and economic development 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Universities have assumed an expanded role in science and technology-based economic development that has become of interest to catch-up regions as well as to leading innovation locales. This paper examines how the role of the university has evolved from performing conventional research and education functions to serving as an innovation-promoting knowledge hub though the case of Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). This case is discussed in the context of state efforts to shift the region from an agricultural to an industrial to an innovation-driven economy. Central to the transformation of Georgia Tech as a knowledge hub is the emergence of new institutional leadership, programs, organizational forms and boundary-spanning roles that meditate among academic, educational, entrepreneurial, venture capital, industrial, and public spheres. Comparisons between Georgia Tech's experiences and those of university roles in selected other catch-up regions in the southern United States highlight the importance to the case of networked approaches, capacity building, technology-based entrepreneurial development, and local innovation system leadership. Insights on the transformation of universities and the challenges of fostering a similar transformation in regional economies are offered. 相似文献
11.
大学衍生企业从母体大学、政府、产业合作伙伴、学者发明人等利益相关者所构成的创业支持网络中获取外部资源。基于全国"211工程"大学衍生企业的调研数据,系统探讨了大学衍生企业创业支持网络的构成要素及其有效性,即网络中不同节点的支持要素如何作用于企业的创业导向和绩效表现。结果表明,我国大学衍生企业的创业支持网络并没有形成有效的衔接机制,大学衍生企业的创业导向形成与绩效表现主要依赖于母体大学和政府主导的区域环境,而产业合作伙伴、学者发明人却没有显著的支持效应。同时,企业的治理结构调节了网络中各支持要素的有效性。 相似文献
12.
高等院校具有知识密集性特点,肩负着人才培养、科学研究、社会服务三大功能,在建设创新型国家的进程中应当发挥重要作用。知识经济正在兴起,科学技术作为第一生产力空前活跃,美国学者伯顿·克拉克提出并构建了大学、政府与市场的三角协调模式,结合我国高校发展的特殊环境和现状,探讨了三角协同模式下的高校发展特点,加强大学战略管理,形成学校可持续性竞争力,完善高校内部运行机制,实现高校共建共享。 相似文献
13.
高校科技创新基地建设的思考 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
科技创新基地的建设是高校提高科技创新能力的重要手段。从重点实验室和工程（技术）研究中心的内涵出发,结合学科建设、创新团队、制度创新3个要素,分析了科技创新基地对于学校建设研究型大学的重要意义,提出保障和促进高校科技创新基地建设的一些想法。 相似文献
14.
We examine how the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), a recent U.S. government science and technology (S&T) program launched in 2000, affects the nature of university research in nanotechnology. We characterize the NNI as a policy intervention that targets the commercialization of technology and a focused research direction to promote national economic growth. As such, we expect that the NNI has brought about unintended consequences in the direction of university–industry knowledge flows and the characteristics of university research output in nanotechnology. Using a difference-in-differences analysis of U.S. nanotechnology patents filed between 1996 and 2007, we find that, after the NNI, U.S. universities have significantly increased knowledge inflows from the industry, reduced the branching-out to novel technologies, narrowed down the research scope, and become less likely to generate technological breakthroughs, as compared to other U.S. and non-U.S. research institutions. Our findings suggest that, at least in the case of the NNI, targeted government S&T programs may increase the efficiency of university research, but potentially do so at a price. 相似文献
15.
Jason Owen-Smith 《Research Policy》2003,32(9):1695-1711
We extend debates about the sources of university capabilities at research commercialization. Drawing upon quantitative data for a panel of 89 research-intensive US universities and interview data from two academic licensing offices, we model the relationship between technology transfer experience, embeddedness in biotechnology industry networks, basic science quality and capacity, and citation impact measures of university life science patents. Technology licensing officers draw upon the expertise of corporate partners to evaluate the potential impact of invention disclosures. The information gleaned through network ties to industry enables well-connected institutions to develop higher impact patent portfolios. Reaping the benefits of such connections, however, requires experience in balancing academic and corporate priorities to avoid the danger of ‘capture’ by industrial interests as overly tight connections limit patent impact. This pattern of diminishing returns to connectivity is robust across multiple citation measures of patent quality. 相似文献
16.
Bart Van Looy Paolo LandoniJulie Callaert Bruno van PottelsbergheEleftherios Sapsalis Koenraad Debackere 《Research Policy》2011,40(4):553-564
The phenomenon of entrepreneurial universities has received considerable attention over the last decades. An entrepreneurial orientation by academia might put regions and nations in an advantageous position in emerging knowledge-intensive fields of economic activity. At the same time, such entrepreneurial orientation requires reconciliation with the scientific missions of academia. Large-scale empirical research on antecedents of the entrepreneurial effectiveness of universities is scarce. This contribution examines the extent to which scientific productivity affect entrepreneurial effectiveness, taking into account the size of universities and the presence of disciplines, as well as the R&D intensity of the regional business environment (BERD). In addition, we assess the occurrence of trade-offs between different transfer mechanisms (contract research, patenting and spin off activity). The data used pertain to 105 European universities. Our findings reveal that scientific productivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial effectiveness. Trade-offs between transfer mechanisms do not reveal themselves; on the contrary, contract research and spin off activities tend to facilitate each other. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
17.
18.
Entrepreneurial transformations in the Swedish University system: the case of Chalmers University of Technology 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Since the beginning of the 1990s, Sweden has been transforming its national research policy into policy for innovation. One of the bottom up responses to this top d initiative has been an attempt on the part of some Swedish universities to transform themselves into entrepreneurial institutions. This paper uses a case study of one particular Swedish University; Chalmers University of Technology’s transformation process to reflect on the new research policy. Chalmers’ journey is examined against the backdrop of the changing national climate for universities as well as local factors within the university itself.The case confirms existing knowledge in that it shows that creating an entrepreneurial university takes several years as both infrastructural and cultural changes are necessary to achieve success. The case also shows that despite the long history of public-private in Sweden, the new emphasis on commercialisation and commodification of knowledge creates some degree of role uncertainty for universities. The paper concludes that one of the elements required for Swedish innovation policy is macro (policy vision and implementation) and micro (university organisation) level flexibility and diversity. 相似文献
19.
基于我国研究型大学面临的形势需求和技术转移障碍,首先解析了模块化推动创新的理论内涵,讨论了组织模块化对于技术转移的调节作用,并构建了组织模块化下研究型大学的技术转移关联组织模型。在此基础上,以MIT、斯坦福大学和哈佛大学为例系统地探索了其技术转移管理实践。最后,文章还针对我国研究型大学开展技术转移工作给出了若干启示。研究发现,组织模块化有利于调节研究型大学的技术转移产出和效率,主要体现在：（1）从外部看,政府牵引、高校约束和产业联动所形成的三股力量,构成了促进大学技术转移的协同创新基础架构;（2）从内部看,在研究型大学设置能力专业且独立运作的技术转移办公室,可以起到连接科技创新供给侧和需求端的重要枢纽功能;辅以组织模块之间的协同机制,还可以推动研究型大学组织体系（教育教学?科技创新?技术转移）的良性运转。 相似文献
20.
政产学三螺旋对创业型人才培养绩效的影响 《科学学研究》2017,35(8):1198-1211
加强高校与政府、产业之间的多重联动与资源协同,对于加快培养高校创业型人才具有重要的促进作用。基于三螺旋理论,构建了政产学参与度、师生创业相关能力、创业型人才培养绩效以及政产学协同情境影响的概念模型,提出了师生创业相关能力作为中介变量、政产学协同度作为调节变量的假设,并通过大规模问卷调查的数据进行了验证。结果显示：政产学参与度对创业型人才培养绩效有显著的正向影响;师生创业相关能力在“政产学参与度 – 创业型人才培养绩效”的关系中起部分中介作用;政产学协同度对“政府/高校参与度 – 创业型人才培养绩效”的关系有显著的正向调节作用。论文的理论探讨和实证研究拓展了三螺旋理论的研究范围,深化了高校创业型人才培养的理论研究。 相似文献