共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Francis A. Mcguire Brian J. Mihalik James R. Pope Jr. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):291-293
Abstract Students (N = 104) enrolled in four low fitness, one middle fitness, and one high fitness class in basic physical education classes at the University of Connecticut participated in a 4-week program of isometric exercises done with an adjustable nylon belt which was stabilized against various body segments. Low, middle, and high fitness classes were compared in the amount of improvement made in the 5 items in which significant gains had been made. The MWF classes which did 30 min. of isometric exercises for 12 class meetings were compared to the TTh classes which met for 8 class meetings and which did the same isometric exercise program and in addition did stretching exercises and ran a mile. When all groups were treated together, mean gains of 1.1 in. in the vertical jump, .74 sec. in the agility run, .17 sec. in the 30-yd. dash, 151.9 lb. in the leg lift, and 57.0 lb. in the back lift were made. These were all significant at the 0.005 to the 0.0005 level. Small but significant gains were made in right and left grip, the Fait endurance hang, and the 380-yd. run. The low fitness classes made greater improvements in the leg lift, the vertical jump, and the agility run than did the middle or high fitness groups. The high fitness class made greater improvements in the back lift and in the 30-yd. dash than did the low or middle fitness classes. The classes which did only isometric exercises for a half-hour three times each week for 4½ weeks made greater mean gains in the vertical jump, the agility run, the 30-yd. dash and the back lift than did the classes which met for 60-min. periods twice each week for 4½ weeks and did stretching exercises and running in addition to the isometric exercises. However, the latter made greater gains in the leg lift. 相似文献
2.
Youfa Li Sijia Wang Yong Yu Lili Wu Yutong Shi Michelle Zhang 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2019,90(2):123-132
Purpose: Physical education (PE) in school provides opportunities for physical activity (PA) engagement and reportedly results in improved health-related fitness. This study explored the underlying correlations between PE and activity-related healthy lifestyle practices with current level of cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: A total of 13,138 students age 14 (boys = 7,094, 54.0%) in Grade 8 from the China National Assessment of Educational Quality - Physical Education & Health 2015 were included in this study. Two independent structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted to obtained sex-specific results. Data included the results of the 15-m progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) and questionnaire data regarding PE curriculum implementation, learning and practice, perceived support from PE teachers, PE facilities, PE equipment, activity-related healthy lifestyle practices, habitual physical fitness, appropriate method of physical fitness, and breakfast eating habits. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the associations between variables, controlling for socioeconomic status, the location of schools, and Body Mass Index. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and activity-related healthy lifestyle practices, which was somewhat positively impacted by skill learning and practice and perceived support from PE teachers. Together, the boy’s model explained 21.8% of the variance in cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas the girl’s model explained 15.9%. Conclusions: A well-organized PE program is related to students’ activity-related healthy lifestyle practices, and consequently provides an improvement to cardiorespiratory fitness. 相似文献
3.
Kirk J. Cureton Richard A. Boileau Timothy G. Lohman James E. Misner 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):270-272
Abstract The relative importance of body size, body composition, cardiovascular-respiratory capacity, and running speed in determining individual differences in performance on 600-yd run and mile run tests was investigated using data on 196 children, ages 7 to 12 years. A multivariate, multistage path model was developed in which height, % fat, [Vdot]O2 max (ml/kg FFW · min) and the 50-yd dash time were postulated as determinants of individual differences on the two distance-running tests. These four independent variables accounted for 71% and 66% of the variance in the 600-yd run and mile run, respectively. All four independent variables had significant associations with the two distance runs when the influence of the other independent variables was taken into account. The 50-yd dash time and % fat were found to be the most important determinants of both distance runs. It was concluded that determinants of the 600-yd run and mile run in elementary-school-age children are complex and that individual differences on these tests reflect a number of attributes in addition to cardiovascular-respiratory capacity. 相似文献
4.
BackgroundIncreasing caloric expenditure in physical education is considered an effective school-based approach to addressing the child obesity epidemic. This study was designed to determine synergistic influences of student characteristics and lesson factors on caloric expenditure in elementary and middle school physical education.MethodsThe study used a multi-level design. Level-1 factors included personal characteristics: age, gender, and body mass index. Level-2 factors included lesson length, content, and school level. Based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention age–gender adjusted growth chart, students in 87 classes from 14 elementary and 15 middle schools were pre-screened into “Overweight”, “Healthy weight”, or “Thin” groups. One boy and one girl were randomly selected from each group in each class as data providers (264 elementary and 294 middle school students). Caloric expenditure was measured in 243 physical education lessons using accelerometers.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed and hierarchical linear modeling confirmed separate age by body mass index, age by gender, and content by lesson–length interaction effects, suggesting that the personal and lesson factors influenced caloric expenditure independently. Older male and heavier students burned more calories in all lessons. Students burned more calories in 45–60 min sport skill or fitness lessons than in shorter (30 min) or longer (75–90 min) game or multi-activity lessons.ConclusionsThe hypothesized cross-level interaction was not observed in the data. Caloric expenditure can be optimized in 45–60 min sport skill or fitness development lessons. It can be recommended that schools adopt 45–60 min lesson length and provide skill and fitness development tasks in physical education to maximize caloric expenditure. 相似文献
5.
2004年山东省大学生体质监测结果分析与评价 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用文献资料法、比较研究法以及数理统计等方法,对山东省四所试点高校03级6 682名大学生进行新《标准》实施后的体质监测,并将其测试、评价及分析结果与全国同年龄大学生比较.结果表明：山东省大学生男、女学生的平均身高、体重都明显高于全国同龄大学生（P＜0.01）,但身体机能与力量素质却明显低于全国同龄大学生（P＜0.01）,而柔韧素质却高于全国同龄大学生;女生的优秀率和良好率高于男生,而不及格率低于男生,并且女生的测试平均总分也略高于男生,表明山东省女大学生体质状况好于男生;总成绩与身体机能指标、身体素质指标之间呈高度相关,而与身体形态指标无显著性相关（女生体重除外）.建议主要通过体育教学的干预,树立“健康第一”的指导思想,为逐步提高大学生的身体素质,改善大学生健康状况提供有益的手段和保证. 相似文献
6.
S. W. Farrell H. W. Kohl T. Rogers G. F. Knadler 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):99-102
Abstract The current study examines maximal heart rate and maximal treadmill time differences among three ethnic groups. In 1985, 1,047 city employees (572 male, 475 female) participated in a comprehensive health promotion program. Data were collected from a self-administered health and lifestyle questionnaire, maximal treadmill exercise stress test, and other clinical measures. The participants were divided into white male (n = 368), black male (n = 159), Mexican-American male (n = 45), white female (n = 256), black female (n = 189), and Mexican-American female (n = 30) subgroups based on self-reported ethnic identity. Univariate analyses revealed no significant differences in age-adjusted maximal heart rate or maximal treadmill time for males. Mean age-adjusted treadmill time for black females (478.0 ± 228.2 s) was significantly lower than for white (652.5 ± 227.7 s) and Mexican-American (594.5 ± 226.7 s) females (p <. 05). Mean age-adjusted maximal heart rate for black females (174.4 ± 12.4 beats/min) was significantly lower than for white (179.3 ± 13.4 beats/min) and Mexican-American (182.0 ± 13.5 beats/min) females (p < .05). Following adjustment for cardiovascular fitness level, that is, treadmill time, as well as age, these differences were no longer apparent. We concluded that the comparatively low maximal heart rate of black females may be partially explained by a significantly lower cardiovascular fitness level relative to white and Mexican-American females. 相似文献
7.
Abstract Cardiorespiratory and anthropometric assessments were made on 95 randomly selected young college males enrolled in three physical fitness sections and one tennis course, each lasting eight weeks. Laboratory and field measures were utilized to report and evaluate changes in functional fitness and physique variables, including nine selected fat and girth measurements, height and weight, timed vital capacity, Harvard Step Test, grip strength, mile run time, and vertical jump. Analysis of the data yielded the following conclusions: (a) Eight weeks of physical fitness training can produce significant improvements in physique and circulorespiratory characteristics; (b) A skill-oriented tennis class demonstrates no significant physical improvements; (c) Body weight can be increased while body fat is lost; (d) Vital capacity has little value in reflecting levels of physical performance; (e) Specificity of a physical fitness program will influence its outcome. 相似文献
8.
Mikko Huhtiniemi Kasper Salin Jukka Lahti Arja Sääkslahti Asko Tolvanen Anthony Watt 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2021,26(1):1-15
ABSTRACT Background: Fitness testing is a commonly applied learning and teaching practice implemented in both secondary and elementary school physical education (PE). Many teachers believe that by using a variety of different tests, they are able to provide students with feedback regarding their fitness status, and furthermore, increase students’ willingness to be physically active later in their lives. However, empirical evidence concerning students’ affective responses during fitness testing classes is limited. Purpose: The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether students’ perceptions of enjoyment and anxiety differed between two different types of fitness testing classes and PE in general. In addition, the measurement invariances over time and between Grade 5 (aged 11–12) and Grade 8 (aged 14–15) groups were determined. Method: A total sample of 645 Finnish Grade 5 (N?=?328, 50% boys, mean age?=?11.2, SD?=?0.36) and Grade 8 students (N?=?317, 47% boys, mean age?=?14.2, SD?=?0.35) participated in the study. Series of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the level of measurement invariance between general PE and fitness testing classes, and between age groups. Strict factorial invariance was supported for both enjoyment and anxiety scales allowing for latent mean comparisons. Latent mean differences were studied using z-tests. Results: Grade 5 students perceived significantly lower levels of enjoyment and cognitive processes and a higher level of somatic anxiety in fitness testing classes compared to general PE. Additionally, for Grade 8 students, levels of enjoyment and cognitive processes were significantly lower and somatic anxiety and worry higher in fitness testing classes than in general PE. Furthermore, enjoyment was significantly higher, and cognitive processes, somatic anxiety and worry lower among Grade 5 students compared with Grade 8 students in both contextual PE and during fitness testing class. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that students’ perceptions of enjoyment were lower in fitness testing classes compared to PE in general. Additionally, students perceived lower levels of cognitive anxiety and higher levels of somatic anxiety in fitness testing classes than in general PE. It is noteworthy that students might not significantly dislike fitness testing per se but instead have significantly more positive affects towards PE in general. Generally, practitioners conducting fitness testing lessons are encouraged to embrace different strategies such as fostering basic psychological needs or promoting mastery climate to facilitate enjoyment and diminish anxiety. 相似文献
9.
Roberta Rikli 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):776-782
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the main effects of the sex of the experimenter, the interaction effects of the sex of the experimenter and the sex of the S, and the experimenter bias effect upon 50-yd dash, shuttle run, and sit-up scores. The subjects were 48 male and 48 female junior high students. The experimenters were six male and six female upper-division college students. The subjects were randomly assigned for testing to sex of experimenter and experimenter bias effect. The experimenter bias condition resulted from the fact that the experimenters were led to believe that half of the Ss had particular characteristics that would cause them to score well on the tests while the other half had characteristics that should cause poor performance scores. The significant findings in the study were that male experimenters received much better scores from their Ss than did female experimenters on the sit-up test, that Ss scored better when tested by experimenters of the opposite sex on both the 50-yd dash and shuttle run test, and that experimenters obtained results in the direction of their expectations on the shuttle run test. 相似文献
10.
通过对江海职业技术学院2011级30名大学生进行4个月的乒乓球课内外一体化教学实验研究,并对其进行实验前后的身体素质、乒乓球专项能力、心理健康进行测试评价。结果表明：经过了4个月的乒乓球课内外一体化教学实验后,学生在身体素质、乒乓球专项能力均有显著性提高,在躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执等因子方面比实验前均有量著性降低。表明乒乓球课内外一体化教学模式对大学生的身体素质提高和心理健康水平改善具有良好的效果。 相似文献
11.
大学生心理健康水平与其体质状况的相关性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)和大学生体质测试等研究工具,对不同层次大学生的心理健康水平与其体质状况的相关性进行了多重比较和灰色关联性分析。结果表明:1)大学生心理问题检出率较高;2)大学生的体质状况整体较好,但反映其体质状况的各个指标发展不均衡,有些指标整体偏低;3)反映大学生体质状况的6项指标时其心理健康影响程度大小依次为体质总体情况、肺活量体重指数、立定跳远成绩、台阶试验分数、身高标准体重和握力体重指数。结论:大学生心理健康状况和其体质之间有同向变化的趋势,即随着心理障碍程度的加重,大学生的体质呈逐渐下降的趋势。 相似文献
12.
通过对健身俱乐部年青会员体质测试数据的分析与比较,以期探讨健身俱乐部年青会员的体质特征,为更好了解自身体质状况,有针对性地制定科学健身计划提供参考。运用文献资料法、测量法及数理统计法等研究手段,以20～34周岁的宁波市健身俱乐部年青会员为研究对象,依据《第二次国民体质监测报告》的测试细则,从身体形态、机能和素质三方面的指标进行测试并加以分析。结果显示,受年龄、生活习惯、饮食习惯等因素的影响,男会员的体重指数已进入Ⅰ级肥胖范围,而身体形态和机能指标的组间无显著差异;24岁以下年龄组男会员的平衡能力和女会员的柔韧素质均显著好于25岁以上各年龄组。总体看,因健身目的的不同女性会员的体质状况虽好于男性,但整体健康水平有随年龄增长而下降的趋势。 相似文献
13.
目的： 分析比较体育教学中低频15次、中频30次,以及高频60次的睫状肌训练对八年级学生视力所产生的不同影响方法： 在体育课中分别对3个实验组进行低频15次、中频30次、高频60次睫状肌训练,测量并分析干预前后实验组与对照组学生的裸眼远视力与动态视力结果： (1)低频15次组学生的裸眼远视力与动态视力无显著性变化;(2)中频30次组学生的动态视力在干预后显著上升,裸眼远视力的提高无显著性差异;(3)高频60次组学生的裸眼远视力与动态视力在干预后均显著上升;(4)对照组学生的裸眼远视力与动态视力呈下降趋势结论： 体育教学中嵌入不同频次的睫状肌训练对八年级学生视力水平的影响不同,其中60次高频训练对裸眼远视力改善效果最佳,30次中频训练对动态视力的改善效果更好,15次低频训练能够基本维持学生裸眼远视力和动态视力的原有水平。在体育教学中进行睫状肌训练能够有效延缓近视的发展速度,促进学生视力水平发展。 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(9):1240-1249
AbstractAlthough cross-sectional studies regarding the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement among Japanese children have been previously reported, no longitudinal study has yet been reported for Japanese children. The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between physical fitness and academic achievement among Japanese adolescents. This cohort study included 1,189 seventh- and ninth-grade students from two schools. The follow-up period was 2 years. A physical fitness test involving eight test items (hand grip, sit-ups, sit and reach, side-to-side jump, 20-m shuttle run, 50-m dash, standing broad jump and handball throwing) was conducted to evaluate the fitness of the participants. Academic achievement in Japanese, mathematics and a foreign language (English) was assessed at baseline and follow-up using cumulative guidance records. Participants were classified into low–low, high–low, low–high, and high–high groups based on physical fitness test results at baseline and follow-up. Compared with the groups showing low fitness levels, those showing high fitness levels for all items of the physical fitness test expect handball throwing had increased odds of showing high academic achievement levels in all three subjects at baseline and/or follow-up compared with the low-fitness groups. Sit-ups and 20-m shuttle run in the high–high and low–high groups were related to higher academic achievement levels at follow-up compared with those in the low–low group for both boys and girls. Therefore, this study suggests that various physical fitness outcomes are positively associated with high academic achievement levels for Japanese children. 相似文献
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16.
2010-2011学年对南京工业大学全体本科生进行《国家学生体质健康标准》。通过本次检测,全校总体平均为75.47分,达到良好标准。优良率为62.11%,不及格率为16.39%。耐力项目指数一般,反应爆发力素质的立定跳远指数较差,握力体重指数和肺活量体重指数较好,身高标准体重指数成绩较差,身高标准体重太低而肥胖率较高。各年级身体素质2007级最好平均分80.68,2010级最差平均分仅71.98,总体女生的成绩好于男生。针对以上结果提出进一步提高我校学生身体素质的建议和方法,为体育教学改革和实践提供基础数据。 相似文献
17.
文章通过体质测量、数理统计、资料分析等方法,对山西省7~18岁汉族学生2004年体质监测结果中的身体形态发育水平、机能、素质的指标进行调查,对城、乡学生各项指标进行比较分析。结果表明:城、乡男女生的身高、体重、胸围均值,各年龄组城市学生均高于乡村学生;肺活量均值,各年龄组城市学生均高于乡村学生,男、女学生脉搏均值没有城乡之间的差别。身体素质七项指标乡村男女生各有优劣。 相似文献
18.
M. H. Slaughter T. G. Lohman J. E. Misner 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):159-168
The purpose of this study was to determine the association of somatotype, body composition, and physical performance in 7- through 12-year-old boys. Two objective methods of measuring somatotype, Sheldon's trunk index method and Heath–Carter's anthropometric method, were used. Body composition was estimated as fat and lean body mass from 40K measurement, using a whole-body counter, and from two skinfold thickness measures. Physical performance measures consisted of three tests of running (mile run, 600-yd run and 50-yd dash) and two tests of jumping (standing broad jump and vertical jump). In general, somatotype components had lower correlations with running and jumping variables than did body composition or body size variables such as height, weight, and percent fat. Heath and Carter's third component, derived from the inverse ponderal index, correlated more closely with performance scores than did other components of somatotype. Somatotype components in combination with each other and with body size and body composition variables in a multiple regression analysis indicated little association with running performance, but some association with jumping. Mesomorphy and second component were the least significant somatotype components, as indicated by the standardized regression coefficients. 相似文献
19.
常凤 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2013,(2):8-15
为了全面了解哈尔滨体育学院学生近10年的体质健康变化情况,采用实验法对哈尔滨体育学院2003至2012级学生进行身高、体重、肺活量、握力（男）、坐位体前屈（女）、立定跳远、台阶实验测试,并将测试数据进行整理,对比10年变化情况。结果表明,近10年,学生身高、体重和体质指数变化不大,其中男生平均体质批量数较高,女生正常;台阶指数、立定跳远和坐位体前屈总体上呈下降趋势,其中立定跳远和台阶指数总本上处于良好水平,坐位体前屈虽呈下降趋势,但各年级均处于优秀水平;肺活量和握力出现波动,且处于及格水平,但哈尔滨体育学院学生体质健康状况好于其他普通高校,与同类体育院校相当;所有年级中2004级、2（107级和2012级学生体质健康状况好于其他年级,2009级、2010级和2011级则较差。哈尔滨体育学院学生体质健康状况整体上呈下降趋势,各年级学生呼吸机能一般,心肺功能和下肢爆发力较好;男生超重,上肢手臂力量偏低;女生身体形态发育正常,柔韧素质好。 相似文献