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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):75-91
In April 1997, Tasmania (Australia) adopted the reputably successful New Brunswick (Canada) industrial strategy to build an information technology (IT) industry of significance. The strategy aims to overcome isolation in small regional economies and structurally change from declining natural resource industries. Both plans reject neo-classical economics-based industry policy, opting instead for a strong state-based investment planning approach. An analytical framework is set out, using Adolph Lowe's 'Instrumental Analysis', to examine implementation of both IT strategies. Implications of this analysis are drawn for any attempts at developing IT regional plans and, more generally, as a guide for broad strategic-based national industrial strategies. 相似文献
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James I. Cash Jr. 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):199-228
Abstract Numerous environmental forces exist today that contribute to changing industry and market segments. The least studied of these is the impact of information systems which transcend traditional company boundaries. One of the subtle impacts of contemporary developments in information systems technology is the redefinition of traditional organizational and industrial boundaries. Examples of these interorganizational systems (referred to as IOS), reviewed by the author, imply that a wide range of organizations may have an opportunity to use these systems to improve their operations, services to their customers, and their competitive position. Some of these systems raise public policy issues that are not well understood, nor are they being addressed in a comprehensive manner. This article is designed to provide a conceptual framework for thinking about these systems. 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):141-143
This paper provides a review of Israel's science and technology policy and traces the growth and development of technology intensive industry in that country. Such policy has generally been neutral with regard to industry, technological field or class of product; concentrates on industrial R &; D directly performed in industrial firms; and is an integral part of overall national industrial policy — being centred in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Drawing upon case studies and other statistical evidence, the paper argues that such policy has been partly responsible for Israel's success in building up an indigenous, export-oriented, high technology sector. 相似文献
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Oswald H. Ganley 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):79-89
Abstract “At present, the majority of [radio] programs heard are from sources outside of Canada. It has been emphasized to us that the continued reception of these has a tendency to mold the minds of the young people in the home to ideals and opinions that are not Canadian. In a country of the vast geographical dimensions of Canada, braodcasting will undoubtedly become a great force in fostering national spirit and in interpreting national citizenship.”1 This statement, written fifty years ago, could just as well have been written today. But, while the basic issue has remained unchanged over time, the uses to which information and communications can be put have steadily grown. The scope of the issue has also therefore increased. Included under the heading of communications and information today are such diverse but interconnected matters as broadcasting both by TV and radio, the newspaper, magazine, and book publishing industries, the film industry, advertising, computers and all computer communications, telephone and telecommunications, communications satellites, remote sensing, and, to a point, industrial know‐how and research and development. In this paper, I shall examine how communications and information affect such issues as Canadian unity, Canadian cultural identity, and Canadian economic viability. I shall concentrate on how Canadian governments have seen this issue, and, to a lesser degree, will show where the views of individuals and other interest groups may differ from government policy. 相似文献
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Abstract Australia's treatment of information technology (IT) has vacillated between two policy directions: laissez faire, market directed strategy on the one hand, and strong government interventionist, plan directed strategy on the other. The resultant policy mix is more a collection of individual initiatives than a coherent strategy. It produces conflict between initiatives aimed at developing indigenous information industries and those improving the productivity and competitiveness of all industry by encouraging the wider application of IT. Unlike its East Asian neighbors, Australia does not have a powerful, independent economic planning agency capable of creating and implementing industrial and technology policy. Policies must be developed through the give and take of a democratic political process, a process that can lead to fragmented, uncoordinated policies based on bureaucratic inertia, the demands of special interest groups, and short‐term political considerations, rather than long‐term strategic plans. The future of IT policy in Australia will depend upon the kinds of consensus that can be achieved on the role of IT in economic development. It will also depend on the government's skill in implementing policy and on the reactions of the private sector to whatever policies emerge. 相似文献
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Abstract Information technology (IT) policy in New Zealand has closely paralleled the broader economic policies that have prevailed in the country. Until the mid‐1980s, economic policy was inwardly oriented, marked by high trade barriers and heavy government regulation. In 1984, the Labor government responded to a balance of payments crisis with a radical program of economic liberalization. By the end of the decade, this process had fundamentally altered the New Zealand economy through deregulation, privatization, and public sector reform. IT policy likewise moved from protectionism and centralized control to almost pure laissez faire. Tariffs on computer hardware were lowered from 40% to 10%. Government computing was moved from a central data processing bureau and placed under the control of individual departments. In terms of IT production, the government has refused to provide any significant incentives or subsidies to the fledgling software industry, feeling the industry should succeed or fail on its own. Under laissez faire policies, New Zealand has become a heavy user of IT, ranking behind only Japan in the Asia‐Pacific region for IT spending as a percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). It has also had some success as a producer and exporter of software. However, the hands‐off approach to the industry is likely to prove problematic in an international environment in which many countries have explicit strategies to improve their infrastructure for IT production and/or directly subsidize the industry. New Zealand is unlikely to become a hardware producer, but it has a number of endowments favoring software production, particularly its well‐educated, English‐speaking workforce. However, it faces obstacles, such as a small domestic market, distance from international markets, and a shortage of venture capital. Although software may be a potential growth industry in the ailing New Zealand economy, it is unclear whether the industry can thrive without at least some government support. Even the government now seems to be considering this possibility, and is considering the creation of an IT unit within the Ministry of Commerce. 相似文献
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In the field of technology policy, few challenges are more intriguing than understanding the nature of technical and market trends. This paper deals with this problem by using the sociotechnical constituencies approach in order to integrate the treatment of “micro”/“macro” issues — from product to industry. The case study is that of the microprocessor industry where at present a Risc (reduced instruction set computer) technology is emerging in a field where a powerful and far-from-exhausted Cisc (complex instruction set computer) technology tends to occupy almost every segment of the market. The analysis reveals how emerging product-constituencies do implement pro-active trend-creating strategies in order to establish themselves as industrial trends, and, by so doing, they simultaneously re-define the existing content of the “macro” industrial level. The study also reveals the important role of the nature and maturity of microprocessor technology in conditioning the constituency-building strategies implemented by different players. Microprocessor technology is specifically characterised as an architectural, codified-knowledge component with indirect network externalities and weak appropriability regime. Finally, the paper also highlights the potential risks of both fragmentation and complete proprietary control of technology in technological processes involving strongly competitive situations. 相似文献
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“选择性”和“功能性”政策在运作机理和实施手段等方面存在着差异,新能源汽车不同的成长阶段对于“选择性”或“功能性”政策的需求也是不一样的。将新能源汽车产业示范推广划分为前期、中期和后期三个阶段,应用新能源汽车A股上市公司以及示范推广城市数据,从政策效果的强弱、快慢、稳定性三个维度分析了“选择性”和“功能性”政策实施效果的变动特征。研究结果发现,随着新能源汽车示范推广从前期进入中、后期, 在政策效果强度方面,“选择性”政策效果缓慢下降,“功能性”政策效果则一直稳定上升;在政策效果快慢方面,“选择性”政策效果的滞后效应不够稳定,而“功能性”政策效果的滞后效应相对更稳定;在政策效果稳定性方面,“功能性”相对于“选择性”政策效果要稳定。在新能源汽车产业示范推广的现阶段,要以“功能性”政策为主,“选择性”政策为辅,在“功能性”政策方面,要加大对“充电桩”等基础设施建设政策以及“双积分”政策的支持力度,在“选择性”政策方面,要以“税收优惠”为主,“购置补贴”政策为辅,继续推行补贴退坡,更好的发挥新能源汽车产业发展的自主性。 相似文献
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为促进半导体产业的发展，实现关键技术自主可控，2014年以重视产业发展的顶层设计和创新性加大市场化政策工具力度为主要特征的《国家集成电路产业发展推进纲要》出台，我国半导体产业发展迈入了技术上“强长板、补短板”的发力冲锋阶段。为明确产业政策对半导体企业创新行为的影响，研究从新结构经济学视角出发，以《纲要》的出台为天然准自然实验，基于2012-2020年微观企业级面板数据，构建双重差分模型，进行实证检验。研究结果表明，产业政策的实施对半导体企业创新绩效，尤其是探索式创新，存在明显促进作用；对高资本密集度企业、非国有企业和成长期企业的积极作用更为显著；从更长时间窗口看，政策效果表现为先上升后下降。研究结论为产业政策制定过程中充分考虑市场与政府结合的方式和时机、遵循异质性规律精准施策提供参考。 相似文献
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The relationship of technology policy to economic and industrial development has become a subject of debate between those who argue that market forces should determine how technology is produced and used and those who believe that government has a role in supporting investment in technology use and the development of high‐technology industries. This article looks at the effects of national technology policy in promoting the production of computer hardware and software in Asia‐Pacific countries during the 1980s. It also analyzes the relationship between various environmental factors and computer production and looks at the interaction between environment and policy. It finds three types of environmental factors associated with level of computer production: human resources, in the form of scientists and engineers; the presence of complementary industries, particularly electronics production; and expenditures on research and development. It also finds that hardware production is higher in countries with national computer plans but that software production does not appear to be associated with efforts by the government to promote the computer industry. 相似文献
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促进创新型经济的发展是我国当前经济结构调整中的重要内容。本文在分析了已有研究成果的基础上,构建新兴产业发展需要政策介入的理论框架,并通过对战略性新兴产业的宏观分析证明了现有政策是有效的,但同时发现有效性是非常有限的。在进一步的研究中,选择了生物医药产业和新能源汽车产业的上市公司作为考察对象,就其发展中财税政策的作用做了微观分析,发现政策效果因产业的异质性而呈现出异质性,从而找到了导致现有政策有效性不足的原因。据此提出,产业政策的介入要关注产业的异质性,进一步的从产业结构政策、产业技术政策、产业组织政策、产业区域政策四方面提出了促进新兴产业发展政策优化的建议。 相似文献
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战略性新兴产业是新的经济增长点,对经济转型升级具有重要的引领作用。战略性新兴产业发展离不开财税政策的支持,但产业政策的有效性取决于政策制定的科学性和精准性。本文构建了产业政策工具与产业政策功能和产业发展政策需求相适应的政策支持机制,分析框架揭示了产业政策工具与产业政策功能和产业发展政策需求相适应的政策演化机制。明确了新兴产业发展的政策支持机制运行的原理,并提出通过政策的反馈修正,找到制约机制作用发挥的阻碍因素的分析方法,进一步的完善了政策支持新兴产业发展的机制的理论结构。从需求面、供给面、环境面三个角度提出政策优化思路,以期为我国战略性新兴产业健康发展提出可供参考的政策建议。 相似文献
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发展资源循环利用产业能有效缓解资源紧缺、环境污染的双重约束。为促进产业发展,中国政府制定一系列产业政策,并根据产业发展特点和需求不断修正和调整政策重点,政策处于持续发展和演进过程中。深入研究资源循环利用产业的演进特征,对于准确把握其阶段性重点和发展趋势、探究政策演进的内在逻辑、促进政策体系的优化完善具有重要意义。本文运用共词分析法和社会网络分析法,以1978—2016年中国中央政府颁发的172份政策文本为分析对象,根据高频词聚类结果,从政策主题、利用对象、产业链环节、政策措施四个维度刻画不同阶段的政策特征,探寻政策演进规律及影响因素。研究发现：①从政策发展历程分析,中国资源循环利用产业政策体系经历了探索起步、初步形成、快速发展和战略深化四个阶段。②从政策演进规律分析,政策主题由宏观向具体转变、利用对象由工业废弃物向生产和生活废弃物转变、产业链环节由回收环节向全产业链转变、政策措施由单一型向复合型转变。③从政策演进动因分析,外部宏观环境和产业自身特点共同作用影响着中国资源循环利用产业政策的演进历程。论文最后提出完善中国资源循环利用产业政策的相关建议。 相似文献
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以中国经济转型时期至今（1994-2015年）我国部委级别及以上级别部门发布的216项风电产业政策为研究对象,采用负二项回归估计模型研究产业政策力度和区域创新环境对风电企业创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明：财税支持政策力度和技术支持政策力度对风电企业创新绩效具有显著的促进作用,技术规范政策力度对风电企业创新绩效具有显著的抑制作用;风电产业政策作用于微观企业创新绩效的传导效果受到区域创新环境影响而存在显著差异;风电产业政策作用于不同所有制企业的创新产出效率也存在明显差异。本文建议应根据区域创新环境和企业类型差异,实施差别化的创新驱动产业政策,从而使产业政策更好地服务于风电企业创新绩效提升。 相似文献
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产业政策对研发投资的激励是否一视同仁———投资增长效应与行业内部差距 《科学学研究》2021,39(7):1176-1187
本文剖析了产业政策对研发投资增长及差距的影响机理与效应。以2008-2019年沪深上市公司为研究对象，实证研究发现：受产业政策支持企业的研发投资强度更高，并且研发投资增长速度快于未受支持企业；受政策支持的行业内部企业研发投资差距增大，出现了研发投资分化的“马太效应”。产业政策的支持偏向性分析显示，研发投资强度大、研发人员密集度高以及高新技术企业的研发投资增长更快，在产业政策支持行业内部资源配置存在择优汰劣的选择机制；进一步分析发现，财政补贴和税收优惠在产业政策和研发投资之间发挥部分中介效应，存在一定程度的引致性研发投资增长，财政补贴是加剧研发投资行业内部差距的主要因素，而税收优惠促进研发投资共同增长但不会增大研发投资差距。此外，在制造业中政策支持企业相对未受支持企业的研发投资增长低于非制造业企业，产业政策通过提高研发投资有利于提高专利申请数量。研究结论为产业政策的实施优化以及促进企业研发投资提供了政策借鉴。 相似文献
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本文利用2007-2014年沪深两市上市公司面板数据分析战略性新兴产业政策对生物医药上市公司创新绩效的影响。以创新数量（专利申请总数）和创新质量（发明专利申请数）度量创新绩效,实证结果表明战略性新兴产业政策显著抑制了企业创新绩效。本文进一步检验战略性新兴产业政策对创新绩效影响的实施路径,发现信贷机制对企业创新绩效影响呈现正显著,而补贴和税收机制影响则并不明显。本文不仅为产业政策推行的抑制效应研究提供了证据,还丰富和拓展了战略性新兴产业政策与企业创新的相关研究,并且对战略性新兴产业政策的制定、实施、评价以及优化具有重要理论意义与政策启示。 相似文献
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Entry, exit and knowledge: evidence from a cluster in the info-communications industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The process by which knowledge is created, accumulated and eventually destroyed appears crucial to many industrial dynamics patterns, since it shapes the profile of evolution of industries by favouring the entry of new companies, the co-existence of incumbents and new entrants and, eventually, their selective or joint exit over time. Though problematic, and all too often neglected, the connection between two nodes of interest, Industrial Dynamics on the one hand, and Knowledge Dynamics on the other hand, thus appears as a promising field of research. On the basis of a case study in the info-communications industry, we start by emphasizing that this field of research has direct importance at the empirical level. Knowledge dynamics can create specific models of evolution among firms at the local level, such as non-shakeout patterns within the cluster, which significantly differ from more global patterns of evolution in the info-communications industry, now generally oriented towards trends of decline and bust. We further argue in favour of the development of Knowledge-Based Industrial Dynamics, an approach that lies at the interface of industry and knowledge dynamics, and which can explain how a cluster may decrease the barriers to knowledge of clustered companies and, further, create a specific knowledge dynamics that is able to shape the industrial dynamics. Finally, we document how this process of knowledge dynamics was collectively implemented in our case study on the info-communications cluster and decompose the mechanisms that led to a local non-shakeout pattern of industrial dynamics. We conclude with some remarks on the policy implications. 相似文献
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高端装备制造业是我国的七大战略性新兴产业之一，国家出台了一系列创新政策支持其发展。本文收集了2006-2017年间高端装备制造业的67项创新政策以及专利数量、新产品销售收入等数据，通过量化评估政策文本、构建结构方程模型等方法研究创新政策对专利数量、新产品销售收入等创新产出的影响，结果发现，第一，技术创新规划、研究开发活动、产业化活动等对专利产出、新产品销售收入等具有不同程度的推动作用；第二，我国高端装备制造业创新政策已经走出宏观勾画轮廓的初级阶段，趋向于专业化和精细化；第三，创新政策存在着对科技成果转化重视不足、核心部门联合颁发的政策较少、力度不强等问题。 相似文献