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中国研究型大学衍生企业活动影响因素分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
在对以往研究文献进行深入研究的基础上,提出5种可能对中国研究型大学科技型衍生企业活动产生影响的因素:大学的科技实力、大学专业布局、科研经费总量及构成、大学的地理位置、大学与政府的关系。并通过对111所大学统计数据的对比分析,验证以上假设中的5种因素对大学企业衍生活动是否存在影响。结果证明,大学企业衍生活动与大学的科技实力、专业布局特点、科研经费总量、大学的地理位置以及大学与政府的关系等之间存在一定相关性,而与科研经费构成之间的关系未能得到证实。 相似文献
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Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
This paper addresses the following question: why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-off companies than others? In order to explain why university researchers create spin-offs, we draw on the resource-based theory of the firm. The study database consists of 1554 university researchers funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The logistic regression results suggest that the traditional and entrepreneurial visions of university research complement each other when one looks at the resources mobilized by researchers to launch spin-offs. 相似文献
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中国科学院创立技术衍生公司的活动开始形成系统化的模式,而认识和研究尚显不足,本文于此做了经验研究。首先,通过辨析科研机构创立技术衍生公司模式的概念,提出了一个五维两联结的描述性分析框架,据此解构了当前中国科学院各个维度和联结的特征,描述了中国科学院创立技术衍生公司的经验模式。之后,对中国科学院创立技术衍生公司的模式作了评述,提出了改进建议,并对照科研机构创立技术衍生公司的理论,提出了研究建议。 相似文献
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This paper investigated how universities facilitate the process of spin-off venture formation based on academic research. Building on a capability perspective, we add to the literature on university characteristics and resources by exploring how the university context impacts the entrepreneurial process. We based our study on two mid-range universities and followed the start-up process of four spin-off ventures. Based on the results of our longitudinal study, we propose a set of three university capabilities that facilitate the venture-formation process: (1) creating new paths of action, (2) balancing both academic and commercial interests, and (3) integrating new resources. Each capability is particularly important for specific phases in the venturing process. Our findings suggest that these capabilities are dependent on prior spin-off experience and reside within several actors both inside and outside of the university. Furthermore, universities with weaknesses in the identified areas can take strategic action to develop these capabilities to some degree. 相似文献
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从大学功能的演进出发,阐述了大学实现其第三功能即社会服务功能的有效方式——衍生企业方式。并在重点分析美、日等大学企业衍生成功原因的基础上,针对我国大学衍生企业存在的问题,从法律体系、机构设置、孵化平台、知识产权与激励、政府支持以及企业规范化建设等方面,提出了推动我国大学衍生企业的具体措施。 相似文献
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The influence of the university department upon spin-off venture evolution is complex and dynamic. We examine how the university department context influences the spin-off process from the perspectives of both the spin-off venture and the department. By comparing the development of entrepreneurial competencies within spin-offs based in different departments at the same universities we observed significant differences in early venture performance. Small differences in initial departmental support from management and senior academics for gaining commercial experience and spending time exploring the commercial opportunity were seen to have a major impact upon the subsequent spin-off development path. Supported ventures gained momentum as the department helped develop entrepreneurial competencies and influenced how these competencies were developed from external actors outside the department. By contrast, a lack of departmental support for entrepreneurship severely constrained the evolution of spin-offs regardless of university level policies and practices. This emphasizes the need for a shift in focus from the well-studied university level to the relatively neglected department level to help explain institutional differences in university spin-off activity. 相似文献
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The paper reports on a recent study, which uses various indicators to provide an insight on the performance of spin-off companies from the public sector research base in Oxfordshire (UK). The study builds upon the other studies and fills a gap in the field by gathering empirical information on the performance of technology-based spin-off companies. While the main geographical focus is the county of Oxfordshire, UK, the findings will also be of value for other researchers and institutions with an interest in assessing the performance of spin-off firms. The evidence shows that the number of spin-offs in Oxfordshire has increased rapidly over recent years, as the result of evolving national policy and the entrepreneurial culture of the universities and laboratories. However, the academics and scientists in Oxfordshire's institutions were already entrepreneurial in the 1950s, less so in the 1960s, but increasingly in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in Oxford University, which is by far the largest generator of spin-offs in the region. 相似文献
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Resources, capabilities, risk capital and the creation of university spin-out companies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The commercialization of university research has become an increasingly important issue, given concerns regarding licensing and the university's desire to maximize the returns to intellectual property (IP). In this paper, we assess the impact of university resources and routines/capabilities on the creation of spin-out companies. We find that both the number of spin-out companies created and the number of spin-out companies created with equity investment are significantly positively associated with expenditure on intellectual property protection, the business development capabilities of technology transfer offices and the royalty regime of the university. These results highlight the importance not just of resource stocks, but also of developing appropriate capabilities of technology transfer officers in spinning-out companies. The results suggest that universities and policy-makers need to devote attention to the training and recruitment of technology officers with the broad base of commercial skills. 相似文献
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What drives scientists to start their own company?: An empirical investigation of Max Planck Society scientists 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Studies on academic spin-off companies have shown that the researchers’ scientific potential, experience and established networks with other scientists or companies affect entrepreneurial activity. Most studies investigate official data such as patents and citations or qualitatively study a research group or spin-off formation. Only a few studies focus on the individual scientist. Our study fills this gap by analyzing survey interviews of 2604 scientists working for the Max Planck Society in Germany. Our empirical results indicate that the entrepreneurial activities of scientists heavily depend on patenting activity, entrepreneurial experience, and personal opinions about the benefits of commercializing research and close personal ties to industry. 相似文献
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学术型企业家在大学衍生企业的创建与成长过程中扮演着重要角色。基于全国“211工程”大学衍生企业的调研数据,利用结构方程建模技术实证检验了在学术与产业两种不同环境的支持效应下学术型企业家的创业驱动机理,并探讨学术型企业家的创业行为如何作用于大学衍生企业的绩效表现。研究发现：学术型企业家的创业感知作为中介变量,影响了环境支持对于创业行为的促进模式,形成了“环境支持→创业感知→创业行为”的创业驱动机制,并且,学术型企业家的创业行为对大学衍生企业的绩效表现有显著的积极贡献。在这一过程中,学术环境支持要素与产业环境支持要素的支持方式有所差异。 相似文献
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大学衍生企业从母体大学、政府、产业合作伙伴、学者发明人等利益相关者所构成的创业支持网络中获取外部资源。基于全国"211工程"大学衍生企业的调研数据,系统探讨了大学衍生企业创业支持网络的构成要素及其有效性,即网络中不同节点的支持要素如何作用于企业的创业导向和绩效表现。结果表明,我国大学衍生企业的创业支持网络并没有形成有效的衔接机制,大学衍生企业的创业导向形成与绩效表现主要依赖于母体大学和政府主导的区域环境,而产业合作伙伴、学者发明人却没有显著的支持效应。同时,企业的治理结构调节了网络中各支持要素的有效性。 相似文献
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大学衍生企业是推动大学技术转移并实现产业化的重要模式,不同大学推动企业衍生的效果存在着明显的不均衡.以往的研究大都基于资源基础理论,检视母体大学影响企业衍生的静态因素,探寻这些差异性特征.只有打开衍生过程黑箱,才能够在微观层面上充分展现大学衍生企业的动态格局,才能够揭示大学衍生企业的本质.通过对东北大学衍生东软集团的过程进行精致的案例分析,提炼出大学推动企业衍生的三组能力,即技术商业化能力、管理创新能力和网络化联盟能力,三组能力逐层进化,嵌入在大学创新活动的各个层面和环节之中.创新型大学可以借鉴相关经验,通过制度创新等途径变革大学组织惯例,提升衍生能力,进而推动大学的技术转移和衍生企业的发展. 相似文献
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分析企业入驻科技园的目的和动机对于大学科技园管理实践提供了重要理论与实证支持。采用能发挥专家隐性知识的DEMATEL方法进行分析,建立了大学科技园企业入驻动机的指标体系,从影响度、被影响度、中心度和原因度4个方面,分析了各动机在大学科技园企业入驻行为中的地位和作用,研究结果表明,功能不同和地理分布差异的大学科技园区为入驻企业提供的区域政策、资源禀赋、招商服务是有差异的。其中拥有核心技术、优惠的金融税收政策,丰富的市场资源是企业入驻的主要动机,并进一步为大学科技园的招商引资工作提出了政策性建议。 相似文献
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刘冠军 《科学学与科学技术管理》2016,(8):93-101
提高工业园区产业集聚水平对提高区域经济竞争力进而对新常态下我国经济保持中高速增长具有重要意义,而工业园区产业集聚水平的定量评价是其中一个基础性问题。首先将工业园区产业集聚的内涵解析为工业园区内所有企业之间具有密切产业联系的形态,然后分别基于产业生态学理论、经济学理论识别了工业园区内部企业之间由于物质流而形成的纵向产业联系、由于生产活动相同而形成的横向产业联系,并以两类产业联系数量占潜在产业联系数量的比例构建了工业园区产业集聚指数,以定量评价工业园区产业集聚水平。最后,以新疆库车工业园区为例进行了应用研究,表明构建的工业园区产业集聚指数具有可行性。构建的评价指数可为定量评价工业园区产业集聚水平进而促进工业园区产业集聚提供参考。 相似文献
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创新驱动发展战略作为国家主导战略的背景下,大学科技园本应成为科技成果转化、创新人才培育、创新集群发展的主阵地,却尚未发挥出其应有的作用。在对大学科技园广泛深入调研的基础上,本文提出了中国大学科技园发展模式转变及其研究的必要性,分析了实际调研中发现的大学科技园存在的突出问题,探讨了发达国家科技园的发展模式,并重点分析了瑞典KISTA科学城和武汉大学科技园的特色及成效,进而针对性地研究提出中国大学科技园发展模式转变的建议。 相似文献
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学术创业团队中持续合作意愿的构建机制———基于过程与结果双重视角 《科学学研究》2022,40(12):2228-2237
学术创业是科研人员转化创新成果的重要方式，其创业特质与创新政策受到学者们的广泛关注，却忽视了学术创业团队的可持续发展机制。基于组织生态理论与锦标赛激励理论，本文以高校学术创业团队为研究对象，分析了合作关系对持续合作意愿的“双刃剑”效应，从过程与结果视角分别探讨了任务关系与合作质量在团队可持续发展机制中的作用效果。研究表明：学术创业团队中，合作关系对合作质量和持续合作意愿均具有倒U型影响，合作时间过长或过短都会削弱合作质量、降低合作意愿；从结果视角来看，合作质量在合作关系对持续合作意愿的影响中起完全中介作用，并且中介效应随着合作关系的增强而减弱；从过程视角来看，任务独立负向调节合作关系对过程质量的影响，任务依赖则正向调节合作关系对结果质量的影响效果。研究结论解构了学术创业团队的运行机制，为创新驱动战略下高校科技体制改革提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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Conceptualising the heterogeneity of research-based spin-offs: A multi-dimensional taxonomy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Philippe Mustar Marie Renault Evila Piva Andy Lockett Bart Clarysse Nathalie Moray 《Research Policy》2006,35(2):289-308
Research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) have become an important aspect of the technology transfer process. Emanating from what is conventionally a non-commercial environment, RBSOs pose major challenges if they are to realise their potential to meet the objectives of their founders and the parent research organisations (PROs) from which they emerge. An important issue is to understand the heterogeneity of RBSOs. This paper reviews the literature on RBSO typologies to develop a taxonomy of RBSOs. We identify common themes in relation to these typologies in relation to (1) spin-off creation and (2) spin-off development. The dimensions that differentiate between firms are the type of resources, the business model and the institutional link. We identify gaps in current typologies in order to propose avenues for future conceptual and empirical research. 相似文献
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基于网络嵌入的视角,本文探索大学知识溢出驱动的技术创业过程中,企业通过对学术与产业网络嵌入来构建创业能力,获得成长动力的机制,并运用结构方程模型进行了实证检验。结果表明,创新探索能力和资源开发能力所组成的双元创业能力是创业企业有效利用网络资源并转化为成长绩效的内部关键因素。进一步研究发现,企业在向学术与产业网络的关系嵌入与结构嵌入中,创新探索能力得到了更显著的提高,对企业成长绩效的促进效应也更积极。并且,创生属性的特殊性导致大学衍生企业(USO)与产业衍生企业(CSO)的双元创业能力构建模式呈现出明显差异。 相似文献