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Toshihiro Kodama 《Research Policy》2008,37(8):1224-1240
This paper analyzes two elements necessary for building an efficient regional technology-transfer system between universities and firms, namely, an intermediary organization and regional firms that have a developed ‘absorptive capacity’, touching in particular upon the tacit knowledge aspects. Based on an empirical study of the TAMA cluster project (in the western part of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area), which is a model project of the ‘Industrial Cluster Plan’ in Japan, we examine the intermediation effect of the TAMA Association and the ‘absorptive capacity’ of various product-developing SMEs. These two elements are interrelated because the participation of the product-developing SMEs is a prerequisite for the effective functioning of an intermediary such as the TAMA Association. Our analysis also shows that university-industry linkages and inter-firm linkages lead to different outcomes. 相似文献
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We analyze how mid-range universities can contribute to industrial change through the transfer of tacit and codified knowledge in the areas of spin-offs; licensing and patents; contract research, consultancy and reach-out; and graduate and researcher mobility. We use archival, survey and interview data relating to mid-range universities in mid-range environments in the UK, Belgium, Germany and Sweden. Our findings suggest that mid-range universities primarily need to focus on generating world-class research and critical mass in areas of expertise, as well as developing different types of intermediaries. Mid-range universities may need to develop a portfolio of university-industry linkages in terms of the scope of activities and the types of firms with which they interact. We also show that different intermediaries have important roles to play in developing university-industry linkages for mid-range universities. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103793
A considerable body of work acknowledges the importance and benefits of the university–industry relationship for the economy and society, but also for increasing the revenue of universities themselves (known also as universities’ “third mission”). However, questions have also been raised about the consequences of the university-industry relationship and its impact on their traditional role. This paper contributes to this debate by exploring whether and how being efficient in generating income from engagement activities impacts on universities’ research performance. By using a sample of 119 UK higher educational institutions for period 2007–2014, and controlling for endogeneity issue, the results show that efficiency in terms of university-industry income and research performance exhibits a nonlinear relationship for both universities established before (“old universities”), and after (“new universities”), the Higher Education Act 1992 (HEA). However, for high level of efficiency, “old universities” do not appear able to improve their research performance further. Finally, positive synergies between the third mission and research mission decline in a more teaching-oriented environment. We conclude that policy makers should account for organisational heterogeneity and teaching orientation to promote research excellence effectively by stimulating engagement. 相似文献
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Searching high and low: what types of firms use universities as a source of innovation? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper examines the factors that influence why firms draw from universities in their innovative activities. The link between the universities and industrial innovation, and the role of different search strategies in influencing the propensity of firms to use universities is explored. The results suggest that firms who adopt “open” search strategies and invest in R&D are more likely than other firms to draw from universities, indicating that managerial choice matters in shaping the propensity of firms to draw from universities. 相似文献
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The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners. 相似文献
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This paper leverages the concept of absorptive capacity to explore whether similar configurations of intellectual capital (IC) are associated with the performance of relational capital in firms. It proposes a novel implementation of graph theory to analyse similarities in knowledge assets. We use Community Innovation Survey data to examine 5813 manufacturing firms in 13 business sectors and 13 European countries. While firms rely on external relations to compensate for a lack of internal assets, we find that a company’s propensity to cooperate in innovation is associated with its own IC profile. In particular, firms with common knowledge assets are more likely to benefit from business relational capital. The main contribution of this study lies in a holistic approach to understanding how similarities in knowledge assets are linked to gains in business relational capital. 相似文献
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美英日大学科技园创新创业人才培养特点及启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阐述大学科技园创新创业人才培养的内涵,重点借鉴美国、英国和日本大学科技园培养创新创业人才的成功经验和特点,从树立创新创业理念和氛围、形成大学激励机制和政策以及开设创新创业课程、建立中介服务机构、构建产学研时空优势和投融资体系创业环境等方面对我国大学科技园培养创新创业人才提出建议。 相似文献
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产业集群在加剧企业间竞争的同时,也会促进企业间的合作。合作可以带来生产、交易、营销、创新等综合成本的降低,进而提升企业甚至产业集群整体的竞争力。产业集群内部的竞合关系是产业集群的核心价值,也是产业集群间竞争优于企业间竞争的根本所在。但是信息不对称、产业发展阶段、外部竞争环境等因素,都影响着企业合作与否的战略选择。特别是在创新领域的合作方面,由于知识的客观溢出以及“学习竞赛”带来的机会主义风险存在,市场自发的合作信任往往是不足或者缺失的,这就需要依靠市场和政府以外,第三方机构——产业集群促进机构的中介作用。是产业集群促进机构的理想选择。本文以深圳新一代信息通信产业集群促进机构的角色为例,结合理论和案例分析方法对产业集群中的企业间竞合战略选择做研究。研究发现：科研机构/大学作为产业集群的促进机构,在产业集群向创新集群的培育过程中可以在提高异质化程度、建立信任机制、支持创新活动方面挥发直接作用或者中介功能。进而,本文给出了相应的政策启示。 相似文献
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Joaquín M. Azagra-Caro Fragiskos Archontakis Antonio Gutiérrez-Gracia Ignacio Fernández-de-Lucio 《Research Policy》2006,35(1):37-55
The growing importance of regions in the analysis of innovation and the pressure on European universities to interact with their environment justify this article. It argues that faculty support for the objectives of university-industry relations (UIR) does not vary across disciplines and does not respond to university encouragement in a region with low absorptive capacity. These results are in contrast with those obtained in studies of technology leading countries like the USA. Furthermore, incentives for UIR may generate unpredicted dynamics while instruments to cooperate are not significant. Finally, support for the objectives of UIR should not be confused with the degree of R&D cooperation. The former is sensitive to university age while the latter is sensitive to gender, discipline, commitment to R&D and university encouragement. Empirical evidence is obtained from a sample of faculty from the Valencian Community (Spain) and analysed through a set of models for discrete choice. 相似文献
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Success breeds success: The linkage between relationship intensity and tangible outcomes in industry–university collaborative ventures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
While advancing new technologies has not traditionally been a major focus of industry–university collaboration, this article stresses that industry–university alliances can be instrumental in facilitating the industrial firm's advancement of both knowledge and new technologies. To investigate this phenomenon, this study focuses on industry–university relationships within the context of university research centers. The results from this multi-method, cross-sectional study indicate that a positive, two-way linkage exists between the intensity of industry–university relationships and the level of tangible outcomes generated. Results also show that while organization size and length of relationship do not significantly affect these dynamics, the industrial firm's geographic proximity to the university research center does. The implications of these findings for both industrial firms and universities are discussed. 相似文献
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大学在产业集群知识转移中角色的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从节点的层面进行分析,本文提出并检测了一个关于在产业集群中的组织间知识转移理论框架。我们假定:(1)大学是一个知识库,集群中其他大部分的公司能从大学获得他们想要的知识;(2)从大学溢出的知识同以下因素是正相关的:大学知识的价值、接收公司的吸收能力、知识传输渠道的存在以及是否丰富。我们从在环同济产业集群中运营的企业和与这些企业有商业关系的大学教师、研究生收集数据,并对这些数据进行实证分析,结果表明这些数据完全支持或部分支持我们提出的理论框架中的元素。 相似文献
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University-incubator firm knowledge flows: assessing their impact on incubator firm performance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Technology incubators are university-based technology initiatives that should facilitate knowledge flows from the university to the incubator firms. We thus investigate the research question of how knowledge actually flows from universities to incubator firms. Moreover, we assess the effect of these knowledge flows on incubator firm-level differential performance. Based on the resource-based view of the firm and the absorptive capacity construct, we advance the overarching hypothesis that knowledge flows should enhance incubator firm performance. Drawing on longitudinal and fine-grained firm-level data of 79 technology ventures incubated between 1998 and 2003 at the Advanced Technology Development Center, a technology incubator sponsored by the Georgia Institute of Technology, we find some support for knowledge flows from universities to incubator firms. Our evidence suggests that incubator firms’ absorptive capacity is an important factor when transforming university knowledge into firm-level competitive advantage. 相似文献
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在现有文献分析基础上,基于集群特征, 构建了以网络中心性和吸收能力作为调节变量、以知识获取作为中介变量的集群企业开放度对其创新绩效影响机制模型。选取浙江省3个产业集群中116家企业作为研究对象,采用回归分析等多种统计方法进行实证验证。结论表明：第一,知识获取在集群企业开放度对创新绩效的影响中起到中介作用,即集群企业开放度是通过影响知识获取进而影响创新绩效。第二,知识吸收能力在企业创新绩效形成过程的不同阶段中起到调节作用,其中潜在吸收能力有利于强化企业从创新开放度中获取知识,而现实吸收能力则在企业将获取的知识转化为创新绩效的过程中起到正向调节作用。第三,网络中心性越高,集群企业开放宽度对企业知识获取的正向效应越显著。研究结果有助于中国集群企业推进开放式创新的政策选择。 相似文献
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为了探究战略性新兴产业技术创新的影响因素及其之间的关系,在对战略性新兴产业技术创新影响因素进行分析的基础上提出假设,构建战略性新兴产业技术创新影响因素的结构方程模型,结合问卷调查结果运用结构方程模型和因子分析法验证假设,结果表明政府干预、企业协同创新、高校及科研机构的参与、产业内组织单元的互搏意愿、关键资源、运营管理对战略性新兴产业技术创新有显著影响,其中政府干预、企业协同创新、高校及科研机构的参与、产业内组织单元的互搏意愿为主要影响因素,中介机构介入对战略性新兴产业技术创新没有显著影响。研究结论可为我国战略性新兴产业技术创新关键要素管理与控制提供指导和借鉴。 相似文献
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有效的产学研合作是我国科技体制改革面临的重大问题。文章以清华大学-搜狐搜索技术联合实验室为案例,提出我国高技术企业快速发展的一种新模式——根植于卓越的两栖创新生态系统。这种创新系统技术分工清晰,制度设计精致,追求卓越成为市场与政府之外的第三种驱动创新的力量。提出启动我国创新生态系统建设,推动追求卓越的创新环境建设,加强国家重大科研项目向产学研联合实验室倾斜、树立创新生态系统样板和加大知识产权保护力度的政策建议。 相似文献