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短跑运动员途中跑支撑期摆动腿作用的运动学相关分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究短跑运动员途中跑支撑阶段摆动腿对跑速的影响 ,采用高速摄影及影片解析、数理统计等方法 ,对我国短跑运动员途中跑支撑期摆动腿运动学特征等指标与身体重心速度、专项成绩之间的关系进行分析。结果表明 :途中跑中摆动腿最大摆动速度和平均摆动速度与支撑腿支撑时间显著相关 ,摆动腿的平均摆动速度与后蹬时间之间明显相关 ;摆动腿的摆动角速度与身体重心水平速度及垂直速度密切相关 ;支撑腿和摆动腿的角速度变化量与离地瞬间身体重心水平速度密切相关。提示 :加快摆动腿的摆动速度能有效提高缓冲和蹬伸速度 ,缩短支撑时间 ,提高途中跑的步频 ;摆动腿的摆动速度对加快身体重心水平速度有显著影响 ;加强和提高途中跑摆动腿的运动效果 ,提高短跑运动员下肢摆动工作肌群的力量。 相似文献
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采用测力、高速录像及特殊的数据平滑处理方法研究短跑运动员途中跑技术的运动学和动力学特征,进行田径技术原理的探索。结果表明,支撑时期可以分为着地阶段和蹬伸阶段,蹬伸阶段可分前蹬,后蹬前段,后蹬后段。途中跑前蹬段是人体重心垂直方向向上加速的重要时刻,前蹬时下肢一定程度的垂直加速用力虽影响水平速度,但对提高垂直速度有积极意义,前蹬和后蹬前段是身体重心垂直向上加速运动的阶段。着地缓冲后的前蹬用力也是实现良好成绩的技术之一。途中跑着地和前蹬阶段失去的水平速度损失完全可以从后蹬中得到补充。着地点过近对前支撑阶段获得重要的垂直速度不利,支撑阶段离地前的20ms身体重心速度已经开始下降。 相似文献
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陈春虎 《山东体育学院学报》2005,21(6):86-88
通过对短跑运动员途中跑踝关节技术的比较研究，探讨了踝关节技术与屈蹬技术的关系，以及踝关节技术对运动员途中跑中各项技术指标产生的影响。研究认为：背屈踝前摆腿技术要优于放松踝的前摆腿技术。主要表现在有利于屈蹬技术的形成，蹬地更有力，支撑时间更短，步频更快。 相似文献
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1.对途中跑摆动腿动作技术过程的分析1.1短跑途中跑中摆腿动作效果影响短跑时当支撑腿着地瞬间,摆腿动作有利于减小人体与地面的冲击作用。在缓冲阶段,摆动腿动作能使人体总重心迅速前移,有利于缩短缓冲时间和增加支撑腿内蹬地力量,当支撑腿进入蹲伸时,摆腿动作有利于提高支撑腿的蹲伸速度,途中跑中摆动腿动作的好坏对短跑的途中跑有着相当大的影响。 相似文献
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短跑途中跑摆动腿摆动技术对跑速的重要作用越来越受到运动员、教练员和体育科研工作者的重视。本文力图通过对短跑摆动技术进行分析,以完善我国短跑运动员的技术训练及短跑理论,为教学训练提供指导和参考依据。 相似文献
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陈有源 《武汉体育学院学报》1988,(4)
近几年来,许多研究者发现,优秀短跑选手的蹬地动作可以很不充分,刘易斯足离地时的腾角仅为143°。笔者研究证明后蹬反作用力不能成为跑的唯一或主要动力。L.Wastr提出了决定跑速的因素不是快速蹬地而是有力伸髋的新观点。朱谦则认为跑的技术不是蹬地而是趴地,提出了把后蹬改为后趴的短跑新技术。这些研究结果至少对跑的蹬地技术提出了质疑。因此,研究短跑途中跑腿运动的正确技术究竟是什么?对跑的技术教学和训练具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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许多研究表明，现代短跑途中跑技术更强调的是“快速伸髋”和“积极着地”技术。现运用生物力学原理，对短跑途中跑腾空阶段前后摆动腿的后伸、后摆、前摆、下压着地技术及腾空过程中的仲髋技术对跑速的影响进行了分析。 相似文献
9.
田径教科书中关于短跑途中跑存在问题商榷 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在短跑途中跑中，脚着地后髋关节并未弯曲，而是继续伸展：踝、膝关节是被动弯曲，而不是主动弯曲。此刻主动支撑会缩短制动时间，有利于制动冲量的减小。着地缓冲动作的细致划分，对全面正确地认识跑的原理是必要的，着地缓冲阶段应包括前蹬和后蹬的前一部分(垂直部位至最大缓冲)。摆动腿下压动作的作用有重要意义，应引起足够重视，在跑的划分中应有明确的界定。 相似文献
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研究方法同《我国女子优秀短跑运动员途中跑一个复步着地和蹬离地角度的探讨》一文中“研究方法”一节。结果与讨论我国优秀女子短跑运动员在100米跑55—60米、200米跑155—160米,400米跑355～360米区段时,途中跑一个幅步各关键瞬时,躯干与支撑大腿中心线的夹角如表1(A)、(B)、(C);躯干与摆动大腿中 相似文献
11.
Cristine Agresta Christian R. Ward W. Geoffrey Wright Carole A. Tucker 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(2):206-215
Many field sports involve equipment that restricts one or both arms from moving while running. Arm swing during running has been examined from a biomechanical and physiologic perspective but not from an injury perspective. Moreover, only bilateral arm swing suppression has been studied with respect to running. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of running with one arm restrained on lower extremity mechanics associated with running or sport-related injury. Fifteen healthy participants ran at a self-selected speed with typical arm swing, with one arm restrained and with both arms restrained. Lower extremity kinematics and spatiotemporal measures were analysed for all arm swing conditions. Running with one arm restrained resulted in increased frontal plane knee and hip angles, decreased foot strike angle, and decreased centre of mass vertical displacement compared to typical arm swing or bilateral arm swing restriction. Stride length was decreased and step frequency increased when running with one or both arms restrained. Unilateral arm swing restriction induces changes in lower extremity kinematics that are not similar to running with bilateral arm swing restriction or typical arm swing motion. Running with one arm restrained increases frontal plane mechanics associated with risk of knee injury. 相似文献
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为分析我国优秀男子跳远优势和不足,采用文献资料法、对比分析法、数理统计法等方法,对中外优秀男子跳远运动员运动参数进行分析,结果表明:(1)我国优秀运动员在腾起初速度、水平速度和起跳时间与国外优秀运动员相比没有显著性差异,表明我国优秀运动员在这三方面运动能力是较强的。(2)我国优秀运动员腾起角度、垂直速度和运动成绩与国外运动员存在显著性差异,我国优秀运动员腾起角度和垂直速度都小于国外运动员可能导致跳远成绩小于国外运动员。(3)我国优秀运动员腾起角与垂直速度都小于国外优秀运动员原因:①是运动员起跳腿缓冲和蹬伸能力不足;②是摆动腿和手臂的摆动速度慢;③是髋关节和骨盆运动原因;④是运动员最后3步积极加速上板意识不足。 相似文献
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女子三级跳远三跳水平速度与成绩关联分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
任庆军 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(3):54-56
用定点高速摄影、影片解析和数理统计为主要研究方法,以参加1999年全国田径大奖赛(西安站)部分运动员为研究对象。大部分运动员水平速度利用率较差,三跳中,水平速度损失较大,同时,三跳的起跳速度与起跳角度、双臂和摆动腿的摆动速度、各跳落地缓冲腿的支撑负荷与脚着地瞬间和身体重心的位置关系、三跳的比例等因素是造成三跳水平速度损失的重要技术因素。此外,三级跳远运动员如何合理利用水平速度,怎样在三跳中减少水平速度的损失,对提高运动成绩同样重要。 相似文献
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目的：研究不同速度下台阶对膝关节压力的影响,为运动健身和损伤预防提供生物力学支持.方法：对10名男性普通大学生分别以48、60、72、84、96、108步/分、慢速跑、中速跑、快速跑,这9种速度下台阶时膝关节峰值力和屈曲角度等进行分析.结果：随着下台阶速度的增大,膝关节垂直和水平方向的峰值力均不断增大.以中跑速度下台阶时膝关节所受的垂直方向的峰值力显著增大.以慢跑速度下台阶时膝关节所受的前后方向的峰值力显著增大.以快跑速度下台阶时膝关节垂直方向峰值力超过两倍的体重.同一速度下台阶,左右膝关节峰值力无显著性差异.随着下台阶速度的增加,峰值力时刻膝关节的屈曲角度不断增加.结论：膝关节负荷随着下台阶速度的增大而增大.膝关节屈曲幅度随着下台阶速度的增大而增大.同一速度下台阶时,右膝关节负荷较左膝关节大,但无统计学差异. 相似文献
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The speed at which a player can swing a bat is central to the games of baseball and softball, determining, to a large extent,
the hit speed of the ball. Experimental and analytical studies of bat swing speed were conducted with particular emphasis
on the influence of bat moment of inertia on swing speed. Two distinct sets of experiments measured the swing speed of colege
baseball and fast-pitch softball players using weighted rods and modified bats. The swing targets included flexible targets,
balls on a tee and machine pitched balls. Internal mass alterations provided a range of inertial properties. The average measured
speeds, from 22 to 31 m s−1, are consistent with previous studies. Bat speed approximately correlates with the moment of inertia of the bat about a vertical
axis of rotation through the batter's body, the speed generally decreasing as this moment of inertia increases. The analytical
model assumes pure rotation of the batter/bat system about a vertical axis through the batter's body. Aerodynamic drag of
the batter's arms and the bat is included in the model. The independent variable is bat moment of inertia about the rotation
axis. There is reasonable agreement between the model and the measured speeds. Detailed differences between the two suggest
the importance of additional degrees of freedom in determining swing speed. 相似文献
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女子花样滑冰优秀运动员跳跃动作的运动生物力学分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用艾利尔软件,通过对2003年中国杯世界花样滑冰大奖赛我国优秀运动员以及国外优秀运动员跳跃动作的技术录像解析,分析所获得的起跳时水平速度、空中水平位移、腾空高度、空停时间、腾起角、关节角度等参数,并与国外优秀运动员作比较。结果显示,我国运动员起跳时水平速度与国外优秀选手还有差距,需提高滑行技术和蹬冰力量;提高起跳技术、腿部蹬伸力量和爆发力,使水平速度有效地转化为垂直速度;我国部分运动员腾起角偏大,在提高水平速度的同时,人体重心腾起角应逐渐减小;助滑末期运动员支撑腿应积极屈膝,充分后引浮腿;起跳时支撑腿应积极蹬伸,形成“小摆臂,早收臂”。 相似文献
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Effect of speed on local dynamic stability of locomotion under different task constraints in running
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):791-798
AbstractA number of studies have investigated effects of speed on local dynamic stability of walking, although this relationship has been rarely investigated under changing task constraints, such as during forward and backward running. To rectify this gap in the literature, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of running speed on local dynamic stability of forward and backward running on a treadmill. Fifteen healthy male participants took part in this study. Participants ran in forward and backward directions at speeds of 80%, 100% and 120% of their preferred running speed. The three-dimensional motion of a C7 marker was recorded using a motion capture system. Local dynamic stability of the marker was quantified using short- and long-term largest finite-time Lyapunov exponents (LyE). Results showed that short-term largest finite-time LyE values increased with participant speed meaning that local dynamic stability decreased with increasing speed. Long-term largest finite-time LyEs, however, remained unaffected as speed increased. Results of this study indicated that, as in walking, slow running is more stable than fast running. These findings improve understanding of how stability is regulated when constraints on the speed of movements is altered. Implications for the design of rehabilitation or sport practice programmes suggest how task constraints could be manipulated to facilitate adaptations in locomotion stability during athletic training. 相似文献
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Abstract The aims of this study were to investigate the energy build-up and dissipation mechanisms associated with using an arm swing in submaximal and maximal vertical jumping and to establish the energy benefit of this arm swing. Twenty adult males were asked to perform a series of submaximal and maximal vertical jumps while using an arm swing. Force, motion and electromyographic data were recorded during each performance and used to compute a range of kinematic and kinetic variables, including ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow joint powers and work done. It was found that the energy benefit of using an arm swing appears to be closely related to the maximum kinetic energy of the arms during their downswing, and increases as jump height increases. As jump height increases, energy in the arms is built up by a greater range of motion at the shoulder and greater effort of the shoulder and elbow muscles but, as jump height approaches maximum, these sources are supplemented by energy supplied by the trunk due to its earlier extension in the movement. The kinetic energy developed by the arms is used to increase their potential energy at take-off but also to store and return energy from the lower limbs and to “pull” on the rest of the body. These latter two mechanisms become more important as jump height increases with the pull being the more important of the two. We conclude that an arm swing contributes to jump performance in submaximal as well as maximal jumping but the energy generation and dissipation sources change as performance approaches maximum. 相似文献