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1.
从土地利用的角度,分析我国荒漠化地区人口增长与土地荒漠化的反馈关系,并以甘肃民勤县和内蒙古伊金霍洛旗为例,模拟人口增长导致耕地开垦面积增加及其对荒漠化土地面积动态变化的影响。结果显示,在相似的人口增长速度和社会经济发展状况下,半干旱地区的荒漠化扩展速度要比干旱地区更快。模型灵敏度分析表明,决定我国干旱、半干旱区土地开垦并导致荒漠化发生和发展的主要人为因子是人口数量、水资源利用效率和土地生产力状况,这三者又是与社会经济水平、人口和土地管理政策密切相关的。 相似文献
2.
张潜 《科学．经济．社会》1994,12(1):20-22,11
甘肃省疏勒河流域水利开发对农业生产影响的评价张潜疏勒河流域地处甘肃省河西走廊西段，土地资源丰富，但受水资源的制约，土地生产潜力没有充分发挥，尽管如此，但仍不失为丝绸之路上古老的灌溉农业区，也是甘肃省商品粮基地之一。疏勒何为甘肃河西走廊的第二大内陆河，... 相似文献
3.
世界上沙漠及荒漠化的面积,已占据地球陆地面积的1/3,且还以每年6万平方公里的速度递增。据统计1999年我国沙漠及荒漠化的土地面积已达260多万平方公里,占整个国土面积27.32%,已远远超过全国现有的耕地面积。沙漠地区的年降水量一般都在400毫米以下,通常人们将降水量低于200毫米的沙质地带称为沙漠。荒漠化是干旱地区自然环境与人为活动相互作用下生态破坏的产物。发生沙漠化区域的环境退化,首先反映为土地生物的生产量急剧下降,以致最后完全丧失土地滋生的潜力而变为不毛之地。荒漠化范围的扩大,给人类的生产和生活带来了极大的危害。全世… 相似文献
4.
土地荒漠化,是指由于气候变异和人为活动等因素造成的干旱、半干旱和亚湿润干旱区的土地退化。土地荒漠化被称为地球的“癌症”,它的发展现已影响到世界1/5的人口和全球1/3的陆地,给全球环境及许多发展中国家人民的生产、生活以至生存带来了严重的灾难,并 相似文献
5.
中国干旱、半干旱地区土地开垦对荒漠化的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
从土地利用的角度,分析我国荒漠化地区人口增长与土地荒漠化的反馈关系,并以甘肃民勤县和内蒙古伊镏金霍洛旗为例,模拟人口增长导致耕地开垦面积增加及其对荒漠化土地面积动态变化的影响。结果显示,在相似的人口增长速度和社会经济发展状况下,半干旱地区的荒漠化扩展速度要比干旱地区更快。模型灵敏度分析表明,决定我国干旱、半干旱区土地开垦并导致荒漠化发生和发展的主要人为因予是人口数量、水资源利用效率和土地生产力状况,这三者又是与神经经济水平、人口和土地管理政策密切相关的。 相似文献
6.
利用博尔塔拉河流域内(简称博河)4个气象代表站1960-2010年气温和降水量资料以及2个代表水文站1980-2010年径流量观测资料,进行了气候、径流量的趋势分析及突变检验,并探讨其相关关系和影响效应。结果表明:1博河流域年平均气温和年降水量呈现增加趋势,其中冬季气温上升对流域气温变化的贡献率最大;2博河年平均径流量呈波动中增加态势,并在1997-1998年发生一次由偏低期转为偏高期的突变;3流域气候变化与博河径流量的关系研究表明,其上游河源区气温与径流量的相关性比下游的大。就降水量而言,下游降水量与径流量的相关性比上游更为显著;4多元回归分析显示,当降水不变,温度每升高1℃时,博河径流量增加4.1%,而当温度不变,降水量每增加10%时,径流量增加4.6%,说明径流量对流域降水量及其气温变化的响应较为显著。 相似文献
7.
干旱区土地荒漠化的人为驱动作用分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
该文以典型干旱区塔里木河流域为例,分析了人类活动对土地荒漠化的主要影响因素,在此基础上结合以往工作,选择反映土地荒漠化发展的人类活动状态变量中的7个统计指标,即:人口数量、人口密度、耕地面积、粮食产量、人均粮食拥有量、牲畜存栏数和单位耕地牲畜承载量等,以及气温、降水量和径流量等自然因素状态变量,用因子分析法对人类因素贡献率进行了提取,分1949年～2000年和1985年～2002年2个研究时段对流域土地荒漠化发生发展过程中的人类因素进行了探讨.结果表明,1949年～2000年间,人类活动驱动力对土地荒漠化发展的贡献率占75%,1985年～2002年间的人类因素下降为69%,这表明技术进步等管理因素在一定程度上可部分抵消人类活动的负面影响. 相似文献
8.
浅谈我国土地荒漠化成因及治理措施 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土地荒漠化是自然因素和人为活动综合作用的结果,它作为极其重要的环境和社会经济问题困扰着当今世界,威胁着人类的生存和发展。分析了我国土地荒漠化的现状及成因,着重分析了我国对土地荒漠化治理的措施。旨在为荒漠化治理提供借鉴。 相似文献
9.
一、概况 河西走廊灌溉农业区位于甘肃省西北部,包括疏勒河流域的玉门、敦煌农业区;黑河流域的张掖、酒泉农业区和石羊河流域的武威,永昌农业区的15个县(市)。总人口293万多,土地总面积14.63万平方公里,占全省总面积的32.2％,现有耕地912.85万亩,占全省耕地面积的17％,平均每个农业人口占有耕地3.39亩。其中灌溉地721.99万亩,占全省灌溉面积的56.4％。是我省主要农业区,也是我国正在建设中的商品粮基地之一。 相似文献
10.
蒙古国南部是我国沙尘暴的重要策源地。探讨蒙古国荒漠化与其生态环境关系,对于保障我国生态安全具有重要参考意义。通过实地调查蒙古国区域生态和荒漠化类型,参考相关资料,分析了蒙古国生态环境和荒漠化特征。蒙古国的气候特点是低湿度和低热能,气温的单日温差可达30℃;降水量从南部戈壁沙漠地区的年均不到50mm到北部每年略高于500mm;栗钙土占全国总面积约40%;草原占土地面积的78.3%。全球变暖、开垦和修筑道路、超载过牧,是区域荒漠化的原因。完善和发展传统放牧管理制度与技能,在不同的地方建立监管机构,以控制荒漠化扩张。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
16.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
19.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
20.
WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献