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张红玉 《武汉体育学院学报》2006,40(7):44-46
对武汉体育学院竞技后备人才自我概念、自尊水平进行调查、评估，得出以下结论：男运动员在体能自我、外貌自我、数学自我方面明显强于女运动员，但情绪稳定性不及女运动员；运动员的自我概念总体水平低于普通中学生，在学业自我方面有显著差异，在自尊程度方面与普通中学生没有差异。 相似文献
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青少年运动员与普通中学生心理健康状况的对比分析与研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
李煌 《武汉体育学院学报》2003,37(2):147-148,151
对青少年运动员与普通中学生心理健康状况的现状试调查，对统计结果进行对比分析，其研究结论可为青少年运动员的心理健康教育和管理工作提供心理科学依据。 相似文献
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不同项目青少年运动员的血清睾酮值 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
：对青少年运动员血清睾酮值进行了对比研究。根据不同能量代谢系统特点分为5组：(A)项目ATP能量系统供能为主的运动员；(B)项目以糖酵解能量系统供能为主的运动员；(c)项目以有氧能量系统供能为主的运动员；(D)球类运动员；(E)普通青少年。通过对比研究，得到以下结果：(1)所有运动员组血清睾酮高于普通青少年组；(2)第1组运动员血清睾酮值明显高于其他4组；(3)第2、3、4组血清睾酮值无显差异。血清睾酮值可以作为运动员选材的指标，特别是在进行项目以ATP—CP能量系统供能为主的运动员的选择时． 相似文献
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青少年运动员的自我意识和特质焦虑对赛前状态焦虑的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对74名青少年运动员的问卷调查，采用相关分析：和逐步回归分析的统计方法，分析了青少年运动员的自我意识和特质焦虑对赛前状态焦虑的影响。研究表明：①青少年运动员的自我意识、特质焦虑和状态焦虑呈显著正相关；②青少年运动员的特质焦虑和自我意识能预测认知状态焦虑27．1％的方差变异；③青少年运动员的特质焦虑能预测躯体状态焦虑10．8％的方差变异。 相似文献
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本文用X线摄片法对照研究了跑跳运动员和普通大、中学生脊柱腰段的椎体形态和生理曲度。研究结果表明,运动员椎体高度的变化幅度大于普通学生。第五腰椎的垂直指数小于普通学生。脊柱腰段长度占身高的比例小于普通学生,显示出下肢长、躯干短的身材特点。用腰曲指数作为评价脊柱腰段生理曲度的指标,运动员和普通学生之间无显著性差异。 相似文献
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采用实验跟踪测试与相关分析相结合的研究方法，对普通青少年和青少年男子篮球运动员的身体形态、身体机能、运动素质进行测试分析。结果认为：不同形态机能与身体素质指标的发展均具有不平衡性；同一运动素质受多个形态机能指标的影响；形态机能变化与运动素质的改变有先后性；相对于普通青少年，青少年男子篮球运动员的身高变化与运动素质间存在较高的相关性。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献