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1.
1960-2013 年中国东南沿海地区旱涝时空变化特征及其趋势分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用气候倾向率、标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和Mann-Kendall趋势分析等气候诊断方法,分析了1960-2013年我国东南沿海地区旱涝灾害的时空变化特征。结果表明:1近54年东南沿海地区气候暖化趋势明显,增温速率从南向北逐渐增加,浙江增温明显高于广东,降水稳定波动,并未表现出明显的线性增长;2近54年东南沿海地区旱涝变化具有明显的阶段性,20世纪60年代以旱灾为主,70年代涝灾频率呈上升趋势,80年代旱涝频次大致相当,90年代旱灾减少,极端涝灾增多,2000-2013年正常年份逐渐减少,旱灾大幅增加;3在空间分布上,东南沿海旱涝频次具有明显的地域分异,旱灾呈现为“南少北多”的格局,广东西南沿海、福建北部以及浙江南部旱灾频次相对较高;涝灾表现出“南重北轻”的格局,雷州半岛,福建建瓯、德化、龙岩等地和浙江东部地区更易发生涝灾;4在空间变化趋势上,历史上旱灾频次较低、涝灾频次较高的华南地区趋于干旱,旱灾频次较高、涝灾频次较低的北部地区趋于湿润;不同地区旱涝变化的季节响应存在差异,粤北以春冬旱为主,闽南以春秋旱为主,浙江北部全年均呈现湿润趋势;5在区域尺度上,东南沿海地区旱涝灾害与气候暖化并不同步,广东气温增幅相对较小,降水变化平稳,区域旱灾频次明显上升;浙江增温幅度最为明显,但是并未呈现干旱化趋势,相反涝灾呈现增加趋势。 相似文献
2.
向茂森 《科学对社会的影响》1996,(2)
淮河流域位于我国南北气候过渡地带,灾害性天气出现的频次很高,同时受黄河长期夺淮的影响,历史上是我国水旱灾害最频繁的地区。据统计淮河流域在1470～1980年的511年中发生洪涝、旱灾的年份482年(其中洪涝灾害126年、旱灾年份92年、旱涝灾害同时发生的年份120年、局部洪涝、旱灾年份144年),占统计年数的95％,无灾正常年份29年,仅占5％。经常是洪、涝、旱灾年份交替出现,连旱连涝年份也时有发生,局部洪、涝、旱灾更是年年都有;在一年之中,先旱后涝或先涝后旱的年份也常有发生。洪、涝、旱灾害是严重危害与制约本流域国民经济发展的主要自然灾害。 相似文献
3.
《内蒙古科技与经济》2015,(19)
应用1960年~2015年56年赤峰市14个气象观测台站降水、温度等资料,分析了赤峰市温湿的变化趋势,得出如下结论:1赤峰地区气候变暖明显,年平均气温增温率是0.30℃/10a,其中冬季增温最显著,其次是秋季和春季,夏季最弱;2月际变暖趋势不同,为0.6℃/10a~0.1℃/10a,其中9月份、2月份增温最显著;3年降水量呈多—少—多—少的变化趋势,以夏季降水量偏少为主;4自1999年以来,暖干化趋势显著;5近年来,在暖干化的气候背景下,温度波动较大,出现多次阶段性低温;降水时间分布不均,旱涝并发;灾害呈多发态势。 相似文献
4.
全球变化背景下中国未来汛期旱涝灰预测 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
中国汛期降水量大、年际变率也很大,加之全球气候变化的影响,使之成为我国夏季主要致灾因子之一。做好汛期旱涝预测,提高预报准确率,对我国国民经济建设和国家安全具有重要意义。利用全国194个地面气候资料国际交换站1971年～2000年汛期（5月～8月）降水序列资料,通过具有极好处理贫信息能力的灰预测方法,对我国2010年～2020年汛期降水的旱涝趋势进行预测。结果表明：2010年～2020年我国由“南涝北旱”转换成“北涝南旱”的可能性并不大,但是每年汛期都有旱涝灾害发生,北京、银川、石家庄等地区旱灾严重,重庆、南昌、广州等地汛期水患频繁。 相似文献
5.
中国气候对全球气温增暖的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近４０年来，在全球气候变暖的背景下，中国气候也有明显的增暖趋势，北部增暖最明显，与全球平均温度变化相似，长江流域变暖不明显．冬季增暖最突出，夏季在部分地区有降温现象．近４０年，全国平均降水量趋于减少，北部减少最明显，中心在华北及山东半岛；长江中上游降水偏丰．表明近期我国气候对全球气温变暖的响应特点，主要表现表式：北方为暖—干型；长江流域为冷—湿型；华南大部为弱暖—干型 相似文献
6.
基于GIS的浙江省旱涝灾害时空分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用浙江省63个气象站点36年（1971-2006年）的逐日降水观测资料,采用正态化Z指数方法计算单站旱涝指标,并利用该数据确定区域旱涝等级,对浙江省的旱涝时间序列进行研究,运用GIS空间插值方法（Kriiging）分析浙江省旱涝的时空分布,其结果表明：时间序列上从70年代开始降水量呈上升趋势,旱涝交替发生,但总体以偏涝为主。在空间分布上多旱区在金衢等内陆丘陵盆地,多涝区常发生在浙西地区。这对防御旱涝和合理开发利用气候资源的对策等方面具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
7.
南京市近60年气候变化及其对冬小麦产量影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用国家气象中心提供的南京市近60年逐月气温、降水资料,运用线性回归和多项线性拟合对南京市的温度、降水、干燥度等气候敏感性因子进行趋势分析,并运用Mann-Kendall(M-K)对温度、降水、干燥度进行突变检测,分析南京市冬小麦产量对气候变化的响应。结果表明:①气温呈不断上升趋势,线性倾向率为0.25℃/10年。气温季节变化表现为以春季为主,秋季、冬季为辅,夏季为稳的特点,且自1975开始突变;②降水呈缓慢增长的趋势,线性倾向率为12.45mm/10年。20世纪80年代后期开始旱涝交替明显,季节变化呈春秋季下降、夏冬季上升趋势,自1973年开始突变;③干燥度呈上升趋势,暖干化趋势明显,春、秋、冬季暖干化明显,夏季暖湿化趋势明显,自1975开始突变;④冬小麦产量呈上升趋势,与气候拟合效果较好,R=0.626,通过a=0.05检测,拟合结果表明与与气温变化呈正相关,与降水、干燥水平呈负相关关系。 相似文献
8.
9.
本文利用1961～2010年玛多气象站气象观测资料,通过对其地区气温、降水量及蒸发量的年变化和春、夏、秋、冬四季及年代的变化分析,结果表明：近50年来玛多地区年平均气温和降水量均呈上升趋势,蒸发量呈下降趋势;气温的四季变化均有明显上升趋势,其中冬季的气温上升最为明显,增温率为0．71℃／10a。近50年极值气温变化更大,最低气温极值21世纪初10年比上世纪70年代偏高12-2℃,最高气温极值21世纪初10年比上世纪60年代偏高2．0℃;玛多县降水量呈上升趋势,冬季上升趋势相对较小;近50年的蒸发量虽然呈下降趋势,但蒸发量远远大于降水量,所以干旱期延长,气候趋于暖干化,对牧草的生长极为不利,气候原因使草场的退化速度加快。 相似文献
10.
近47年三江源雨季降水时空分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用三江源(黄河、长江、澜沧江)地区13个气象站1961～2007年雨季(6～9月)降水资料,分析了三江源地区雨季降水的变化特征.结果表明:近47年来三江源地区雨季降水量呈减少趋势,减少幅度为1.9mm/10a.EOF分解显示,第一模态表现为降水空间变化的全区一致性,第二模态表现为西南部与东北部的反相,第三模态表现为西北部与东南部的反相.将全区分为东部、南部、西部、北部四个地区,用小波变换分析的结果是,东部和西部的突变点相接近,分别为1987、1988年,但旱涝期正好相反:南部为先涝后旱,突变点在20014年;北部为先旱后涝,突变点在1966年,南、北两地区的干旱期均长于偏涝期. 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
16.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
19.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
20.
WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献