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1.
人们无论是生产还是生活对于水资源的依赖都是特别的强。由于我国现阶段正处于发展中国家,为了能够更加快速地发展整体经济,我国加强对工业农业的发展,从而导致在生产活动中大量废水的排放。废水对于人们的健康都会造成一定程度上的危害,同时对于生态系统的平衡也会带来影响。如何通过有效的监测和处理方法,防治废水对于环境的污染,保障人们生活的良好氛围已经成为我国整体发展中一大任务。本文通过对废水的分类特征进行简要分析,从而对废水常用监测技术和处理方法进行相关介绍,综合阐述环境污染监测中水污染的具体事项,为我国降低环境水污染提供坚实的保障,整体推动国家快速高效发展。 相似文献
2.
基于生态效率的资源环境绩效动态评估——以江西省为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提高资源环境绩效是我国生态恢复与重建的核心和关键。本文从生态效率角度,利用改进的资源环境绩效指数(REPI)对江西省2000年-2008年资源环境强度与绩效进行了系统分析。结果表明:①江西省在经济增长快速推进的同时,能源消耗也基本上保持同步增长,水资源消耗增长比较缓慢;COD和SO2的排放量下降趋势也基本相同,但其历年排放总量明显高于全国平均水平;②在资源环境强度下降的同时,江西省能源消耗强度略低于全国平均水平,但用水强度和建设用地强度均明显高于全国平均水平;工业固体废弃物排放强度明显低于全国平均水平,COD和SO2的排放强度则高于全国平均水平;③江西仍然为我国资源环境绩效水平较为落后的地区之一,其综合绩效指数有相对下降趋势;④江西省资源环境绩效指数从大到小排名,2000年是:工业固体废弃物排放绩效SO2排放绩效能源绩效建设用地绩效COD排放绩效用水绩效;到2008年则是:工业固体废弃物排放绩效能源绩效SO2排放绩效建设用地绩效COD排放绩效用水绩效。最后,本文就提高江西资源环境综合绩效,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,提升江西在我国中部地区的综合竞争力进行了讨论。 相似文献
3.
基于生态效率的资源环境绩效动态评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提高资源环境绩效是我国生态恢复与重建的核心和关键。本文从生态效率角度,利用改进的资源环境绩效指数（REPI）对江西省2000年-2008年资源环境强度与绩效进行了系统分析。结果表明：①江西省在经济增长快速推进的同时,能源消耗也基本上保持同步增长,水资源消耗增长比较缓慢;COD和SO2的排放量下降趋势也基本相同,但其历年排放总量明显高于全国平均水平;②在资源环境强度下降的同时,江西省能源消耗强度略低于全国平均水平,但用水强度和建设用地强度均明显高于全国平均水平;工业固体废弃物排放强度明显低于全国平均水平,COD和SO2的排放强度则高于全国平均水平;③江西仍然为我国资源环境绩效水平较为落后的地区之一,其综合绩效指数有相对下降趋势;④江西省资源环境绩效指数从大到小排名,2000年是：工业固体废弃物排放绩效>SO2排放绩效>能源绩效>建设用地绩效>COD排放绩效>用水绩效;到2008年则是：工业固体废弃物排放绩效>能源绩效> SO2排放绩效>建设用地绩效>COD排放绩效>用水绩效。最后,本文就提高江西资源环境综合绩效,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,提升江西在我国中部地区的综合竞争力进行了讨论。 相似文献
4.
原料药生产中的水资源消耗大,废水排放污染严重,针对抗生素类原料药生产企业发酵液废水及所含杂质的特点,采用多效蒸发浓缩水处理技术蒸发处理后的废水能够达到排放要求,而且可以直接循环使用,大大降低了单位产品生产的水资源消耗。 相似文献
5.
我国工业的发展虽然在一定程度上提高了人们的生活水平,但由于其排放的废水、废气和废渣造成了严重的环境污染,需要我们协调好发展生产和保护环境之间的关系。我国水污染的主要成因就是高浓度污染的排放,其包括两个方面,一方面是在达标排污范围内的污染,另外也有超量排污所造成的污染。所以总结起来,我们应该从多个角度控制污水的排放,做好水污染治理工作。本文首先简要分析了我国污水排放的现状,之后结合一系列现有问题总结了一些可行的对策,希望可以给相关工作的开展提供一些参考。 相似文献
6.
当今世界的水环境正面临两大难题:水资源短缺和水污染加重.严重的水形势提高了人们对水资源控制的重视,各国都加大和加快了水资源治理的力度和速度.我国水污染问题十分严峻,水污染控制和强化实施手段与发达国家存在一定差距.目前,我国已经把污水治理作为"九五"期间治理环境污染的一项重要内容,并在国务院和国家计委召开的全国污水处理厂建设和污水处理设备国产化会议上予以强调,到2003年左右要在673个人口在50万以上的县和县级以上市建设一个城市污水处理厂.另外结合三河三湖(太湖、巢湖、滇池、淮河、辽河、海河)的治理,在全国的若干个大的区域内进行大规模工业污水的治理,以达到国家计委、国家环保总局所颁布的污染水体排放的要求. 相似文献
7.
城市的日益发展,用水问题成为一大难题,水资源的有限使得城市被污染的水循环利用成为必要.当下城市的水污染治理成为社会问题,在水污染治理过程中存在很多的问题,才使得我们城市用水困难、环境低劣.针对这些问题,我们不能无所作为,文章针对城市污水治理存在的问题进行分析,同时提出了一些建议. 相似文献
8.
基于投入产出法的中国行业水资源消耗分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于投入产出分析方法,选取2007年相关数据进行整理分析,比较我国第一、二产业中各行业水资源的直接消耗、完全消耗和间接消耗,研究我国各行业间水资源消耗的间接拉动。分析结果显示：①农业、基础工业、轻工业、高科技产业、其他制造业直接用水系数为736.66m3/万元、21.69m3/万元、9.20m3/万元、0.84m3/万元和0.48m3/万元,当考虑产业供应链（supply-chain）网络,各个行业完全用水系数分别达到903.53m3/万元、87.77m3/万元、307.50m3/万元、53.47m3/万元和186.38m3/万元;②农业和基础工业是各行业完全用水的主要来源,占各行业完全用水量的95%以上,高科技工业和其他制造业对其他行业水资源消耗的间接拉动比较大,用水乘数分别为63.42和392.01,由于行业所处的产业链位置不同,从产业链上游到下游,间接拉动的行业组成由单一化趋向多样化;③在建设节水型经济结构过程中,由于行业间水资源消耗的关联性,需要考虑行业用水的间接拉动问题,降低农业生产比例,会减少直接用水系数,但从投入产出角度看很多行业都是依靠农业的投入,无论是本地生产还是区外调入,整个经济系统的水资源消耗还是不可避免。减少消费端的物质消费是减少资源消耗的最终途径,仅仅考虑调整产业结构只是将资源消耗大的行业进行了区位上的转移。 相似文献
9.
我国是肉类加工品的消耗大国,禽畜屠宰量居世界前列,但屠宰生成的大量废水排微却没有得到有效的处理,大多都是不经处理直接排放。随着废水角F量的不断增加,水污染问题也日益加剧,屠宰废水中所含的大量细菌和碎肉残渣等杂质,严重污染了排放底的水质,并对周边居民的生产生活造成了很大影响。针对这种现象,近年来的研究重点致力于屠宰废水的回用,这样不仅可以大大降低废水对环境的影响,还可以通过循环再利用节约企业用水成本,减少污水排放量,既从成本节约的方面提高了经济效益,同时也从环境治理方面取得了良好的社会效益。 相似文献
10.
矿山开采在带动经济发展的同时,也容易对生态环境造成破坏,主要表现为：水土流失、废石和尾矿对环境的污染、矿山废水对环境的污染、地表沉陷。主要治理对策有：针对露天矿的环境恢复治理,建立矿山公园;利用井下矸石充填技术控制废石排放,并有效治理采矿后的地表沉陷,实现煤炭绿色开采;采取＂防＂＂治＂＂管＂相结合的方法,严格控制废水的形成和排放。除此之外,还要建立完整的法律体系,保障各项治理措施的顺利实施。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献