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研究了属性权重完全未知、属性值以不确定语言变量形式给出的不确定语言多属性决策问题.首先引入了不确定语言变量的运算法则,以及不确定语言变量之间比较的可能度公式,给出了不确定语言变量间距离的概念.针对属性权重完全未知的情形,利用所有决策方案与理想决策方案偏差最小化和属性权系数的随机性,给出了一种不确定语言变量多属性决策方法.该方法利用优化方法建立数学模型,得到属性的权系数.该方法能够精确确定各属性的权系数.然后利用不确定语言加权平均(ULWA)算子,对不确定语言决策信息进行加权集成,并利用可能度公式构造可能度矩阵(互补判断矩阵),继而利用互补判断矩阵排序公式对决策方案进行排序和择优.最后进行了实例分析. 相似文献
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在多属性决策问题的求解过程中,大部分多属性决策方法都涉及到属性权重的确定问题.一般可分为主观赋权法和客观赋权法.为兼顾决策者对属性的偏好,同时又力争减小赋权的主观随意性,进而使决策结果更加客观、可靠,本文以层次分析法为基础提出一种主、客观细合赋权方法.该方法基于属性值的规范化决策矩阵和决策对方案近似估计的区间判断矩阵,提出一种模糊线性规划方法确定属性权重. 相似文献
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针对权重未知的混合多属性决策问题,提出一种基于TOPSIS方法的混合型多属性决策的决策方法。为属性值是精确数、区间数、三角模糊数、语言型的混合型多属性决策问题提供一个新的途径。 相似文献
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针对不确定环境下企业竞争情报评估中属性信息的模糊特性,提出一种基于模糊信息可能度的多属性方案排序方法.该方法对竞争情报选择时以语言形式给出的评估术语进行定义,利用评估标度中术语与三角模糊数之间的关系,以及三角模糊数比较的可能度公式,提出了一种解决企业竞争情报选择问题的决策方法.最后,通过算例验证了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
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针对只有部分权重信息且属性值为三角模糊数的多属性决策问题最终权重的确定进行了研究,给出一种新的主客观赋权方法,该方法首先基于决策者的主观偏好,对部分主观权重信息进行局部优化,然后利用组合赋权方法求得属性最终权重。该方法考虑到主客观属性权重的实质,建立的数学模型能够较好的反映出主、客观程度,实例证明方法有效可行。 相似文献
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针对当前权重确定方法单一、传统熵权计算方式不足等问题,构建一种基于信息熵多属性决策的综合评价模型。该模型运用改进层次分析法确定全体决策者对各指标的主观权重,以信息熵理论确定各指标的客观权重,并结合主观与客观权重作为最终评价的综合权重。在此基础上依据多属性决策模型提出多属性决策评价方法,该方法将主、客观分析相结合,既考虑权重的现实性,又以数据作为评价基础,能有效解决选择评价中的不确定多属性决策问题。论文通过对湖南统计年鉴中数据的分析,验证了所提方法的可行性与有效性。 相似文献
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针对技术创新项目决策过程中不确定性和复杂性的特征,构建基于熵权的区间直觉模糊多属性企业技术创新项目决策方法。该决策方法的基本思路为从收益和风险两方面构建企业技术创新项目评价指标体系,通过交叉信息熵和熵权理论确定每个属性的权重后,将属性权重和决策者权威性权重与决策者的区间直觉模糊规范化后的矩阵融合得到待评价项目综合决策信息值,并根据得分函数值的大小对待评价方案进行排序择优。最后,通过实例分析,结果表明模型具有可行性,能够为企业的创新项目决策提供参考。 相似文献
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针对备选方案中评价专家给定的区间直觉模糊信息,提出一种基于投影思想的区间直觉模糊信息多属性决策方法。为全面考虑各评价指标权重信息不完全的情形,将专家对各指标的正、负理想方案作为参照点,建立一个基于投影的多目标规划模型以获得指标权重,并运用加权算术平均算子对评价信息进行集结,从而获得各方案的排序与择优结果。最终,通过数字图书馆馆藏实例验证该方法的可行性与有效性。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献