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内皮素在运动中对心血管功能及疾病影响的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内皮素(endothelin，ET)对人体具有广泛的生物学效应，在多个系统的生理、病理过程中发挥作用。阐述体育运动中机体内皮细胞ET水平的变化及其机制，急性运动中内皮细胞ET对心血管功能的影响，适宜强度运动训练中内皮细胞ET对心血管功能的效应及机制，并探讨其在体育保健和运动康复中的意义。 相似文献
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马晓宁 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(5):119-121
本文采用分类比较法、推理归纳法等文献资料研究的方法,通过研究心血管疾病与内皮素、不同运动对内皮素的影响及其生物学分析,显示,内皮素作为一种丝裂原可导致心血管疾病及疾病的加剧,与心脑血管疾病的发生、发展和演化与内皮素的关系密切;不同运动强度对内皮素水平影响不同。运动训练对血管内皮素的影响机理可能主要是通过运动加快血液循环,增加血管壁面侧压力和切应力,导致血管内皮细胞形态发生改变,引起细胞内部一系列物理化学变化,导致内皮素基因表达的变化,最终引起内皮细胞分泌内皮素的功能发生变化,且与运动强度密切相关。 相似文献
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运动与内皮细胞内皮素分泌的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运动作为一种特殊刺激将引起机体内皮细胞分泌内皮素水平发生改变 ,而内皮素具有强缩血管效应。总结以前不同运动强度、运动形式及运动训练对内皮细胞内皮素分泌的影响 ,以促进今后进一步研究运动过程中内皮素分泌的变化情况 ,从而了解心血管系统对运动过程的适应性。 相似文献
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1、评定运动训练程度及训练效果。
通过运动生理学指标测定可以评价长期训练和短期训练的程度和效果。经常进行体育锻炼或运动训练，可促使人体各器官系统的形态、机能和调节能力产生良好的适应。比如长期训练对心血管系统的影响主要表现为：窦性心率徐缓；运动性心脏增大；心血管机能改善等。在体育运动中，我们常用心率、血压、血乳酸、无氧阈、最大摄氧量、睾酮、皮质醇等指标来评价人体机能的适应性变化程度。 相似文献
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不同负荷的运动训练对大鼠心血管系统调节肽分泌的影响 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
为了研究不同负荷的运动训练对机体心血管系统神经调节肽分泌的影响 ,本文通过对大鼠进行为期 8周的不同负荷的游泳训练 ,并测定血浆神经肽Y(NPY)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的含量。结果发现 :① 1h的运动训练可使血浆NPY含量显著下降 ,NPY/CGRP有下降趋势。降低机体交感神经的兴奋性 ,抑制NPY的分泌。② 2h训练组血浆NPY含量显著高于对照组和 1h训练组 ,血浆CGRP含量显著低于对照组 ,NPY/CGRP显著高于对照组和 1h训练组。动态观察血浆NPY和CGRP的含量对于在运动过程中对心血管系统进行医务监督、预防过度训练的发生具有一定的指导意义 相似文献
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从多方面论述了急慢性运动训练对人体心血管功能和肺通气功能的影响，并用献检索法对此进行了系统的分析研究。认为：系统科学的运动训练可使心肺功能发生良好的变化。 相似文献
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为了揭示有氧运动力竭过程中大鼠血清内皮素浓度时相性变化的规律，采用文献资料法、实验分析法、数理统计法等研究方法，对有氧运动力竭及恢复过程中大鼠进行了实验研究。研究表明：运动1h和运动2h内皮素含量下降；运动3h、力竭即刻和力竭后恢复2h内皮素表达增加；力竭恢复12h，内皮素恢复至安静水平。研究认为大鼠有氧运动力竭过程中，血清中ET浓度会随着运动时间而改变，因此，在不同运动时相ET对于心血管调节效应不同。 相似文献
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中长跑运动项目是一项消耗体能极大的有氧代谢运动。此运动项目在训练中对人体的呼吸系统、心血管系统及代谢系统都有很高的要求，运动员在训练中会出现极点的难受感，高强度训练中肌肉氧债的痛苦感及负荷训练后肌肉疲劳的酸痛感等。初次参加训练的青少年运动员首先面临着意志品质的考验。本经多年实践经验总结，认为初次参加训练的青少年中长跑运动员的意志品质可以通过培养而形成。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献