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本论文是以上海市少体校的教练员、运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料、调查访问、访谈、逻辑分析、数理统计等研究方法,以体育行为学、组织行为学为理论基础并结合国内外相关研究成果,从行为科学的角度,对上海市少体校的教练员领导行为的状况进行调查研究。 相似文献
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Jung Woo Lee 《Sport in Society》2019,22(8):1319-1325
AbstractIn the first quarter of the twenty-first century, the social, political and economic significance of sports in the Asia-Pacific region has been continually on the rise. First, the prominence of Asian athletes at international sporting arenas has become more visible. Second, major global sports mega-events are frequently hosted in Asia-Pacific countries. Third, the Asian sport industry is rapidly expanding. Fourth, international labour migration is increasingly noticeable in the Asia-Pacific’s sport industry. Fifth, displaying national identity is another important aspect of Asia-Pacific sport today. With this increasing significance of sport in Asian society, this Asia-Pacific Sport and Social Science special issue aims to provide a scholarly public sphere wherein sound theoretical, contextual and critical reviews of sports in the region can be circulated. While this yearly special issue welcomes contributions from international academics whose research interests are in Asia-Pacific sport, we also encourage Asian scholars to submit their work to the journal. We are not biased in either direction but simply want to see both insiders’ and outsiders’ perspectives on sport in Asia-Pacific sport studies. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based adolescent population. The cross-sectional cohort study assessed anthropometry, physical capacities and motor competence in 501 boys (aged 10–16 y), from junior (10–12 y) and senior (13–16 y) cohorts. Sports participation data was collected from junior participants. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed moderate maturity, anthropometry, physical capacity and motor competence differences between sports in the senior cohort (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η2 = .08), but not in the junior cohort. Furthermore, differences in physical fitness were revealed between playing levels (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η2 = .08), with a discriminant analysis correctly classifying 73% of participants using aerobic fitness and vertical jump measures. Representative level participants engaged in more structured training and commenced organised competition at a later age (F = 4.332, p < 0.001, η2 = .21). This study’s findings are twofold: 1) physical and motor competence profiles differ more between sports with increasing age, and 2) participants at a higher level of competition report delayed engagement in their main sport. As a result, schools may be the ideal environment in which to provide children and adolescents with the opportunity to sample different sports. 相似文献
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运用问卷调查、文献资料、逻辑分析以及数理统计等方法,对商丘市320名城市女性的休闲体育活动现状进行了调查研究。结果显示：商丘市女性休闲体育参与度不高,休闲体育活动限于传统项目,且没时间成为制约她们参与休闲体育的主要因素。 相似文献
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《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):156-184
ABSTRACTThe yips are a psycho-neuromuscular movement disorder, which affects sports in which fine motor precision skills are required for success. This review aims to examine key components of the yips within sport literature using a systematic approach. Twenty-five published studies were used in the systematic review, the majority of which focused on the yips in golf (n = 18); case studies were the most popular methodological approach (n = 12). Four components of the yips were identified: psychological, physiological, neurological and performance. This review describes evidence associated with each component according to research design, sample characteristics and main findings. Key findings associated with each component are evaluated and gaps within the existent literature are highlighted. It is concluded that future research incorporates a multi-discipline theory-driven approach on a wider range of sports using a more precise definition of yips types in order to enhance our understanding of the predictors and mechanisms of the yips which, in turn, will allow practitioners to develop effective interventions for athletes. 相似文献
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文章运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,基于社会分层与网络理论,对河南省城市体育人口的社会网络规模与密度特点进行深层次分析,旨在通过对河南省城市体育人口社会网络特征进行研究,有针对性地探索大力发展河南省城市体育人口的策略与方法,加快河南省从体育大省迈进体育强省的步伐。 相似文献
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社会经济的发展与竞技体育的相关分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
为了在量上更加明确经济与体育竞赛成绩的关系，分别以我国六大区域（华北、东北、华东、中南、西南、西北）为具体研究对象，采用文献资料调研、数理统计法、逻辑分析法，运用定量与定性相结合的分析手段，以2001年各区域国内生产总值（含第一、二、三产业）、农业人口、非农业人口、农民纯收入、科技投入、文体投入、教育投入、科技人员、教育程度（大学本科人数）、文体人员与九运会成绩为具体研究指标，通过研究和揭示经济以直接、间接等不同形式作用于体育事业，从而影响竞技体育与体育竞赛成绩，明确经济与体育竞赛成绩在量上的相互关系。 相似文献
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Mark W. Bruner Shea M. Balish Christopher Forrest Sarah Brown Kristine Webber Emily Gray 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(2):209-214
An emerging area of research has focused on understanding how the group dynamics of a sport team influence positive youth development (PYD). The identities that youth form through their membership in sport teams (i.e., social identities) have been found to influence teammate behavior and team performance. Yet, minimal work exists on social identity and PYD in youth sport. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social identity and PYD in sport. Method: Youth engaged in recreational sport (N = 219; Mage = 11.61 years, SD = 1.39 years) completed measures of social identity and PYD in sport. The social identity measure assessed 3 dimensions including ingroup ties (IGT; perceptions of similarity, bonding, belongingness), cognitive centrality (importance of being a team member), and ingroup affect (IGA; feelings associated with group membership). A regression analysis was performed separately for 4 PYD outcomes (personal and social skills, goal setting, initiative, negative experiences) with the 3 dimensions of social identity entered as predictors. Results: Regression analyses revealed that IGT and IGA were positively associated with personal and social skills (R2 Adj. = .29). Further, IGT predicted initiative (R2 Adj. = .16), whereas IGA was positively associated with goal setting (R2 Adj. = .17) and negatively associated with negative experiences (R2 Adj. = .08). Conclusion: The findings extend previous research highlighting the benefits of social identity on teammate behavior and team performance and demonstrate how social identity may contribute to PYD through sport. 相似文献
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Abstract The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to replicate previous studies in which selected demographic and socioeconomic factors were examined as influences on socialization into youth sport and (b) to extend previous research by analyzing the effects of parental influence on involvement in and motivations toward sport. The range of focus in this study was from the time of the subjects' first encounter with organized sport through the senior year of high school. Data were obtained from direct administration of the questionnaire to twelfth-grade students in four Jackson, Mississippi, high schools. Regression analysis revealed that significant independent variables accounted for nearly 26% of the variance in sport involvement in one setting and nearly 10% of the variance in motivations toward involvement in sport and recreational activities. Subjects' gender, their fathers' past athletic experiences, and mothers' educational levels were the most influential independent variables. Influences varied between school sports and out-of-school sports and over the sports career of subjects. 相似文献
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Purpose: Overuse injuries are common in sport, but complete understanding of injury risk factors remains incomplete. Although biomechanical studies frequently examine musculoskeletal injury mechanisms, human movement variability studies aim to better understand neuromotor functioning, with proposed connections between overuse injury mechanisms and changes in motor variability. Method: In a narrative review, we discuss the variability-overuse injury hypothesis, which suggests repeated load application leads to mechanical tissue breakdown and subsequent injury when exceeding the rate of physiological adaptation. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of this hypothesis, we incorporate concepts from motor control, neurophysiology, biomechanics, as well as research design and data analysis. We therefore summarize multiple perspectives while proposing theoretical relationships between movement variability and lower extremity overuse injuries. Results: Experimental data are presented and summarized from published experiments examining interactions between experimental task demands and movement variability in the context of drop landing movements, along with comparisons to previous movement variability studies. Conclusion: We provide a conceptual framework for sports medicine researchers interested in predicting and preventing sports injuries. Under performance conditions with greater task demands, we predict reduced trial-to-trial movement variability that could increase the likelihood of overuse injuries. 相似文献
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Irene R. Faber Johan Pion Goran Munivrana Niels R. Faber Maria W.G. Nijhuis-Van der Sanden 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(23):2716-2723
ABSTRACTTalent detection intends to support lifelong sports participation, reduce dropouts and stimulate sports at the elite level. For this purpose it is important to reveal the specific profile which directs children to the sports that connect to their strengths and preferences. This study evaluated a perceptuomotor skills assessment as part of talent detection for table tennis, a sport in which perceptuomotor skills are considered essential to cope with the difficult technical aspects. Primary school children (n = 121) and gifted young table tennis players (n = 146) were assessed using the Dutch perceptuomotor skills assessment measuring “ball control” and “gross motor function”. A discriminant function analysis confirmed the added value by identifying primary school children fitting the table tennis perceptuomotor profile of the young gifted table tennis players (28%). General linear model analyses for the assessment’s individual test items showed that the table tennis players outperformed their primary school peers on all “ball control” items (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the assessment appears to be of added value for talent detection in table tennis at this young age. Longitudinal studies need to reveal the predictive value for sports participation and elite sports. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis paper reflects upon the development and increased acceptance for heritage becoming a key component of sport tourism research. The original sport heritage typology, as posited by Ramshaw and Gammon [2005, More than just Nostalgia? Exploring the heritage/sport tourism nexus. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 10(4), 229–241], is re-examined through a more critical lens, revealing additional dimensions that help augment its key components. More specifically, it is argued that future studies should consider the more intangible features of sport heritage, as well as acknowledging the expanding global nature of sport and its impact upon fandom. Also, the case is made for research to explore the dissonance inherent in much of sports heritage, as well as determining where the power lies in allocating and championing current sport heritages. Lastly, the more general implications to the field of sport tourism are offered with particular regard to motivation, place, and consumption. 相似文献
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AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between sport and politics in archaic Greece (eighth to sixth centuries BC). Although the issue of this relationship has been widely addressed by the academic literature devoted to the subject of ancient sports, there are no studies describing the relationship between both phenomena in the archaic period per se, as well as the factors which triggered them. This paper primarily draws on the Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer, as well as the works of Xenophanes and Pindar. Firstly, the study discusses the place of both sport (agon) and politics in the archaic polis. The second part shows how sport was used in various ways by individuals for political purposes, while the third part presents the role of sport in the politics of the poleis. At every level of this analysis, one can see a strong connection between both phenomena. Social, military, and political changes, caused, in particular, by the second Greek colonization and the new phalanx formation of hoplites, highlight the role of sport as an indicator of political domination – from the perspective of both the individual and the poleis as a whole. Indeed, this entire study shows that from the very first moment of its being shaped into organized events, sport was connected to politics. 相似文献
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文章通过对太原市部分高校学生节假日参加体育活动的调查,主要运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、访谈法和逻辑分析法对目前太原市高校学生参加体育活动的目的、基本状况、影响高校学生参加体育活动的行为因素、活动态度和心理因素进行调查,并提出了一些相应的对策和建议。 相似文献
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丛密林 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(1):3-5,37
采用文献资料和逻辑推理等研究方法,按照逻辑学的概念定义方法,将体育定义为:体育是以改造人类自身生物属性为效用的身体活动,并对体育属概念下的同类事物进行了判定,并对民间体育、民俗体育、民族体育、民族传统体育的概念进行定义和划分,确定他们之间的基本隶属关系,即体育按阶层划分可分为民间体育和官方体育。民间体育包括民族体育;民族体育包括民族传统体育、消失的民族民俗体育和民族内的近代体育;民族传统体育包括现存的民族民俗体育及其以外的传统体育;已消亡的民俗体育不属于民族传统体育。研究体育及其相关概念,明确它们的内涵和外延,为我国民族体育传承与发展奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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Thierry Ozwald 《Sport in History》2019,39(3):334-349
ABSTRACT‘It is a sport’ writes Hemingway on the subject of bullfights in public places, ‘a very wild and primitive sport and, mainly, a true sport of amateurs. I fear however that because of danger of death which it implies, it never has great success among the sporting-men of America and England’ (Death in the afternoon, Gallimard, 1938, p. 27). Hemingway was interested in sport since his young age: athletic, a follower of sports at Oak Park's High School, fascinated by horse racing and later an enthusiast for deep sea fishing, hunting, boxing etc, in other words what we would call today the ‘extreme sports’, he had a passion for bullfighting in Spain, which he tested, although unsuccessfully. In his papers for the Toronto Weekly Star, his novel The Sun also rises published in 1926, and especially in his essay Death in the afternoon, a true treaty of bullfighting, he undertakes a close study of the specific techniques of this very particular sport; yet what interests him most of all is its artistic value. Art or sport? Such is the key question that he poses throughout the pages of this work, which are actually a deep reflection on the origins of the sport and the finality of art; the relations between sport and art are quite complex and, according to him, have to be reconsidered, since writing for him is also linked to moral and physical effort, and is even a kind of ‘intimate bullfighting’. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):1120-1129
AbstractThe study empirically tested the postulate of the Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP; Côté, J., Baker, J., & Abernethy, B. (2007). Practice and play in the development of sport expertise. In R. Eklund & G. Tenenbaum (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 184–202). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley) that diversified childhood self-led sport play will beneficially affect future, adolescent intrinsic motivation. Participants were 178 elite youth athletes (age 15.3?±?1.5 years) from several game and non-game sports; 117 were members of the federal state or national junior squad in their respective sport. A questionnaire measured current (adolescent) intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of the youth athletes using the Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Towards a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The sport motivation scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17, 35–53) and their earlier volume of childhood engagement (through 12 years) in coach-led practice and self-led play in their respective main sport and other sports. Analyses revealed that adolescent intrinsic motivation was not significantly correlated with earlier childhood self-led sport activities, self-led play in particular, or childhood sports diversification. Furthermore, considering all different types of childhood sport activities together in multiple regression analyses, they did not provide meaningful explanatory power regarding adolescent intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. In summary, the results did not provide support for the postulate of the DMSP among elite youth athletes. The findings suggest that future research may seek to enable more robust empirical substantiation of the DMSP postulate. 相似文献