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1.
环境社会学与自然资源社会学是关于社会与自然界相互关系的两个主要研究传统。目前关于这两个分支学科的讨论主要是局限在美国学术界内,而其对于其它国家环境和社会研究学科建设的借鉴作用尚未引起足够的重视,这正是本文在中国的学术背景中提出环境社会学与自然资源社会学相互融合问题的原因所在。环境社会学在中国正处于重要的学科建设阶段,垮学科的中国环境与资源社会学在投身中国"资源节约型、环境友好型"社会的建设中完全有希望实现环境社会学与自然资源社会学的实质融合。 相似文献
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山东省禹城市粮食生产资源利用效率评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
粮食生产资源利用效率研究是实现粮食稳产、高产的前提，也是保障国家粮食安全的理论基础。对不同条件下的作物生产潜力准确估算和适宜的资源利用效率评价是粮食生产资源利用效率研究的核心内容。本文采用PS123作物生长模型进行作物生产潜力计算，根据山东省禹城市实际状况，确定了模型输入参数，计算了研究区玉米、小麦和大豆的光合、光温、气候和气候－土壤生产潜力，采用作物结构订正计算区域粮食生产潜力。考虑粮食生产中光热资源、水资源、土地资源、社会经济资源等方面，从准则层和因子层两个层面构建了粮食生产资源利用效率评价模型，确定了各评价因子的目标值和权重，对禹城市粮食生产资源利用效率进行评价。研究结果表明： ①山东省禹城市光合生产潜力52 784kg/hm2，光温生产潜力11 023kg/hm2，气候生产潜力8 377kg/hm2，气候-土壤生产潜力6 450kg/hm2，对这3种作物的实际产量进行结构订正得到该市1999年～2001年粮食平均现实生产能力为6 244kg/hm2，禹城市粮食生产潜力较大； ②制约粮食生产稳产、高产主要自然因子为水资源的不合理利用，劳动生产率、化肥利用率和产投比的低下是主要的社会经济限制因子。根据不同的限制性因子，本文提出了单项资源利用技术改进措施。 相似文献
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基于文献计量学的1983-2012年中国自然资源学发展回顾 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
自然资源学是指以自然资源系统为研究对象,从自然资源的自然、社会、技术三重属性出发,研究自然资源的形成、演化、质量特征和时空分布及其与人类社会发展的相互关系的学科。建国以来,我国开展了大规模的资源研究与综合考察,自然资源学理论研究与学科建设取得长足进展。本文以自然资源科学学科分类为基础,对1983-2012年间刊载于《地理学报》、《地理研究》、《自然资源学报》与《资源科学》的13 253篇文献进行了人工选取,共筛选出自然资源学科技论文7 244篇。应用文献计量学的原理与方法,分别从载文量、研究内容、研究区域、研究方法、引文等方面进行综合分析,探索我国自然资源学的研究现状与发展规律,并对后期的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
4.
西藏自然资源产业化开发战略探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏生物资源、矿产资源和能源资源都十分丰富。其中野生动物约6 400余种,药用植物1 000多种;境内查明的矿种有101种,矿产地2 000余处;水能资源天然蕴藏量约为2×108 kW,地热发电潜力80×104 kW,太阳年平均辐射达(3 300～4 800)MJ/m2。本文通过对西藏的优势自然资源的分析,提出资源产业的发展要打破自给自足的自然经济格局,把具有中长期的国内和国际市场潜力作为选择产业产品的基本条件。优势资源的产业化开发要注重市场、技术以及生态环境的结合,以市场需求为导向,发展能源、藏药、农牧和矿产等特色产业;以产业化技术研究、引进和创新为突破,进行产业化转化技术适用性、创新性研究;以集约化经营为目标,提高整体行业的生产力和竞争力;坚持资源产业化与生态环境保护相结合,促进资源消耗性经济发展模式向技术导向型模式转变;坚持政府主导发展战略,优化投资环境。 相似文献
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海河冲积平原区耕地综合产能核算及其分区利用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
农用地分等成果为耕地综合产能核算提供了新思路,为耕地整理质量评价提供新方法。以海河冲积平原区为例,基于农用地分等成果,通过抽样补充调查,依据自然等指数与理论抽样样点构建理论产能核算模型,利用等指数与可实现抽样样点构建了可实现产能核算模型,结合近3 年（2003年～2005年）的粮食实际产量,并进行了综合产能核算。结果表明：全区耕地理论产能为2970×104t,可实现产能为2260×104t,远高于近3年1430×104t的年均粮食实际产量,表明目前海河冲积平原区粮食安全的耕地资源保障程度较高。通过分析耕地综合产能、利用强度及其增产潜力,将研究区耕地利用划分为核心保护区、优化提升区和重点整理区,并提出相应的利用对策。 相似文献
7.
资源科学几个问题探讨 总被引：15，自引：8，他引：7
资源科学是一门新兴的综合性学科,其发展仍然面临着一系列需要探讨的理论问题。本文研究认为：资源科学是一门建立在各分支资源科学基础上的综合性学科。资源问题是资源科学迅速发展的社会动力。为了正确认识或解释世界范围内存在的严重的资源环境问题,资源科学必须进行横跨自然科学和社会科学的综合性研究,因为资源的利用过程实际上是人类利用现有的社会经济资源（资本、人力、技术、信息、管理等）对自然资源的加工利用过程。从世界范围看,特别是从处于经济高速增长的中国看,资源问题是人口、环境、经济复杂的问题的核心。最后,本文对几个重要的资源科学问题进行了初步研究：①资源过程论;②资源的生态经济平衡论;③资源生态系统论;④资源流动论;⑤资源产权论。 相似文献
8.
自然资源定义为：具有价值/使用价值的自然物质。自然资源开发利用就是把自然物质转化为能够满足人类生产和生活需要的各种产品,从而获取经济价值/使用价值的过程。资源评价、资源工程和资源管理是自然资源研究的3个主要方面,其核心是资源的价值。自然资源定位研究在认识自然资源的形成与演变、验证宏观考察成果和积累资源数据方面具有不可替代的作用。自然资源定位研究要位资源评价提供实证和参数,为资源工程提供模型与范围,为资源管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
陕西省汉台区1978年至2006年耕地数量变化及驱动力分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
汉台区是陕西省农业产业结构调整典型示范区,近年来,由于农业产业结构调整、退耕还林还草和建设占用耕地,汉台区耕地数量大量减少,耕地供需矛盾突出。本文利用1978年以来汉台区耕地长序列统计资料和近9年的土地详查与变更数据,研究汉台区土地利用现状及其结构变化、分析汉台区耕地数量变化的基本过程及空间差异、探讨耕地数量变化的主要驱动力。研究结果表明:①1978年～2006年全区耕地共减少5600hm2,平均每年减少200hm2,人均耕地减少0.027hm2,耕地递减率曲线与人均耕地递减率曲线走势基本一致;②建设占用耕地、退耕还林还草和农业结构调整等直接影响因子在4种类型区影响耕地变化差异明显;总体上,农业产业结构调整是全区耕地减少的主导因素,经济发展较快的城镇,建设占用耕地较多;③耕地面积与社会经济发展各因素间的相关系数约低于累计耕地面积与各因素之间的相关系数,说明全区耕地减少与社会经济发展存在时间上的错位性,即经济和社会发展滞后于对耕地资源的占用。 相似文献
10.
自然资源资产负债表是十八届三中全会为生态文明建设与社会经济可持续发展提出的全新概念。因此,探索各种自然资源资产负债表编制的框架与方法、界定并核算自然资源资产负债对于编制自然资源资产负债表具有极其重要的意义。本研究首先从自然资源资产负债的经济学本质出发,结合自然资源资产负债产生的前提、途径以及界定依据,阐述自然资源资产负债的基本内涵;在此基础上,从可再生资源数量变化、不可再生资源数量变化和自然资源质量变化三个方面对因自然资源“过度”消耗而产生的自然资源资产负债进行界定;最后,以森林资源、水资源、矿产资源和土地资源为研究对象,从资源可持续利用阈值和国家政策红线两个方面提出了自然资源资产负债核算的基本思路,以期为自然资源资产负债表中的负债界定及其核算提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献