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1.
在分析青海省R&D活动总量及结构现状和存在问题基础上,采用基于数据包络分析(DEA)的CCR模型和Malmquist生产率指数,对2000-2017年青海省R&D活动的静态投入效率和动态投入效率进行测算评价,且考察青海省R&D活动投入效率的影响机制.研究发现:青海省R&D活动投入效率总体偏低,在西北5省区及国内30个省份处于下游水平;从静态投入效率看,综合效率和规模效率均较低,纯技术效率相对有效,规模效益处于规模递增状态;从动态投入效率看,技术进步缓慢和技术效率改善不明显拖累了全要素生产率增长;研发人员、对外开放和创新环境指标水平提升显著促进青海省R&D活动投入效率提升,但研发经费和政府支持对青海省R&D活动投入效率提升作用不显著.研究结论时青海省科技发展的政策含义包括应充分发挥政府资金引导作用,加强人才引进和培育力度,积极促进科技成果吸收转化,以及营造高质量科技创新环境等. 相似文献
2.
基于数据包络分析的BCC模型,结合Malmquist指数方法,利用2010-2019年青海省科技活动投入产出数据,通过测度青海省科技创新活动的综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率及全要素效率变化,深入剖析青海省科技创新效率.结果 表明,青海省科技创新综合效率处于非DEA有效,目前正处于科技创新效率规模报酬递增阶段,投入规模不足阻碍了青海省的科技创新效率.全要素生产率均较为稳定,呈现"上升-下降-上升"的波动趋势,主要受技术进步指数制约,促进技术进步将有助于推动青海省科技创新能力的提升. 相似文献
3.
为了能够更好地提高广东中医药科技创新资源的使用效率,助力粤港澳大湾区中医药创新高地尽快建成,本文分别运用数据包络分析(DEA)和曼奎斯特全要素生产率指数(TFP)对广东21个地级市中医药科技创新的静态效率和动态效率进行评价。得到结果：广东中医药科技创新的整体效率水平较高,且随时间序列递增;广东中医药科技创新效率呈现出空间异质性;广东中医药科技创新效率提升的主要动能是技术进步,而重要症结在于规模经济发展尚不充分。根据研究结果提出建议：中医药科技创新资源投入要加大规模,优化结构,充分提升中医药科技创新的规模效应;强力推进技术进步,让技术进步持续赋能中医药科技创新;全局规划,全盘统筹,破解中医药科技创新的空间异质性。 相似文献
4.
创新效率既是反映科技人才创新能力的重要标准也是经济高质量发展的动力源泉.运用DEA-BCC模型和DEA-Malmquist模型相结合的方法进行研究,探讨科技人才创新效率的静态优劣和动态规律.研究发现:2014年和2018年各省份科技人才创新的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均值有所上升,但都小于1,整体处于DEA无效状态.各省份科技人才创新效率可以划分为三种类型:位于效率生产前沿面类;纯技术效率有效,规模效率无效类;技术效率和规模效率均无效类.动态规律方面表现出科技人才创新效率整体呈上升态势,且技术效率对Malmquist指数所带来的贡献远大于技术进步. 相似文献
5.
本文从绿色金融资源被投入主体(企业)的角度出发,运用熵值法和DEA-Malmquist指数分别测算了中国绿色金融发展水平与效率,进而从全国、省际和区域层面对二者进行了静态比较和动态分析。结果发现:就全国而言,目前绿色金融发展水平及效率均较低,但处于不断发展和改进之中;而部分省份和地区的绿色金融发展水平和效率,无论是在静态水平还是在动态演进上都表现出不协调的特征,即从静态来看,呈现高水平-低效率和低水平-高效率的分布特征。从动态变动趋势看,部分省域和地区则表现出水平上升-效率下降的态势。目前部分省市和地区只顾一味加大绿色金融投入,却未能有效利用这些金融资源,而有些省份和区域则表现为绿色金融资源投入不足。 相似文献
6.
本文从绿色金融资源被投入主体(企业)的角度出发,运用熵值法和DEA-Malmquist指数分别测算了中国绿色金融发展水平与效率,进而从全国、省际和区域层面对二者进行了静态比较和动态分析。结果发现:就全国而言,目前绿色金融发展水平及效率均较低,但处于不断发展和改进之中;而部分省份和地区的绿色金融发展水平和效率,无论是在静态水平还是在动态演进上都表现出不协调的特征,即从静态来看,呈现高水平-低效率和低水平-高效率的分布特征。从动态变动趋势看,部分省域和地区则表现出水平上升-效率下降的态势。目前部分省市和地区只顾一味加大绿色金融投入,却未能有效利用这些金融资源,而有些省份和区域则表现为绿色金融资源投入不足。 相似文献
7.
应用静态、动态效率测度模型,研究了2013—2021年我国高新技术产业创新效率整体和区域变化情况,并对高新技术产业创新效率影响因素进行分析,发现从静态模型测度,消除了环境变量和随机误差影响后,我国高新技术产业创新效率均值为0.725,还有一定的上升空间,且东、中、西部地区高新技术产业创新效率存在差异,表现为东>中>西;从动态模型测度,2013—2021年我国高新技术产业创新效率为1.009,表明从动态趋势上2013—2021年高新技术产业创新效率呈现上升趋势;从市场结构、政府投资、外商投资、劳动力素质、地区经济发展水平这些影响因素均对高新技术产业投入松弛变量产生不同的显著影响。结果表明：在生产前沿的条件下,东部、中部、西部地区高新技术产业的技术还未达到有效;东、西部高新技术产业创新效率增长需要技术效率的提升,中部高新技术产业创新效率增长需要技术效率的提高和技术进步。 相似文献
8.
科技投入产出效率评价是衡量各国科技创新水平的主要手段。运用DEA与Malmquist指数相结合的分析方法,从静态和动态两方面对2003—2016年中国和OECD创新型国家的科技投入产出进行分析。结果表明,第一,中国全要素生产率呈现进步态势,但研发效率变化并非由技术研发引起,而是由于规模效应提升改善的。第二,典型的创新型国家大多表现为技术效率和规模效应同时提高科技创新水平。第三,未发现技术效率和规模效应的理想配比,需要本国根据自身发展的阶段及实际水平确定投入和产出的适当规模,注重科技创新中"量"与"质"的转化。 相似文献
9.
运用AHP-DEA-Malmquist模型对2007-2021年浙江省及各区域科技金融效率进行静动态分析，结果表明：2007年以来静态效率整体较低，但呈上升态势，区域差异明显；全要素生产率增长较快，呈W形波动，主要依靠技术进步与规模效率提高。对科技金融绩效进行分析，结果表明：随着科技金融体系逐步完善，2007年以来浙江省及各区域绩效均处于上升状态，2018年后加速上升。今后科技金融工作重点应放在加大投入规模，优化投入结构，提高金融资源配置效率，提升企业自主创新能力，促进技术进步等方面。 相似文献
10.
依据2005-2014年西安科技创新的面板数据,运用综合权重TOPSIS法分析了西安的科技创新能力,采用BCC模型、超效率DEA模型与Malmquist指数分析了西安的科技创新绩效。结果表明,2005年以来,西安科技创新的投入能力、产出能力与综合能力均呈现逐年提升的变化趋势,而科技创新的绩效水平呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,除2010年外西安科技创新均为DEA有效,科技创新能力与效率之间的协调发展关系呈现逐年改善趋势;当前,西安科技发展仍然处于粗放型的增长方式,导致科技创新全要素生产率下降的主要原因是技术效率与规模效率下降,技术进步对科技发展具有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献