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1.
等速技术在体育运动中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
肌力是影响运动能力的主要因素,等速肌力测试和训练技术是一项用于肌肉功能评定和肌肉功能训练的新的和有价值的技术,研究表明,等速肌力测试可对肌肉功能进行定量和客观的评价;而等速肌力训练不仅能有效提高运动员的肌肉力量,而且可用于运动员运动损伤的康复治疗。等速肌力训练所特有的顺应性阻力可减少康复训练中损伤和再损伤的发生。因此,等速肌力训练在运动损伤后的康复治疗中即有效又安全。  相似文献   

2.
应用Cybex-6000等速仪器分别对136名青少年网球运动员盂肱关节内、外旋转肌力进行等速向心肌力测试与评价,分析网球运动员优势臂盂肱关节等速向心肌力特征,比较双侧盂肱关节等速向心肌力差异,探索双侧盂肱关节外旋肌力/内旋肌力比值特征,从而完善网球运动员肩部运动生物力学及有关参数,以期能为探讨网球运动员肩关节损伤的生物力学因素、机制,进而为预防网球运动员肩关节损伤以及指导网球运动员肩关节伤后进行科学的康复训练提供理论依据.  相似文献   

3.
对2007-2012年间广东省集体小球类项目(手球、曲棍球、垒球)运动损伤后等速肌力康复效果进行归纳总结。应用等速肌力测试系统为广东集体小球项目运动员提供了419人次5 872关节次等速康复训练,康复前后进行角速度为60°/s的膝、肩关节等速肌力测试,以及角速度为30°/s的踝关节等速肌力测试,结果发现:(1)膝关节损伤发生率最高,达到60.88%,踝、肩也是损伤多发部位,整体看来,下肢损伤发生率高于上肢。(2)各项目运动员经过一段时间的等速康复训练后,关节等速肌力得到显著提高。结论:(1)在集体小球项目中,运动损伤发生部位与运动专项特点密切相关,损伤发生率从高到低依次为膝、踝、肩、腰背、髋。(2)等速肌力康复作为一种康复手段,在集体小球项目运动员运动损伤过程中效果明显,提供了客观可靠的量化指标。  相似文献   

4.
优秀水球运动员膝关节肌群等速向心收缩力量特征研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用等速测试及康复系统对优秀水球运动员膝关节肌群进行等速向心收缩测试与分析,结果发现,峰力矩可作为评价水球运动员膝关节肌力大小的一个敏感指标,峰力矩值越大,肌肉做功能力越强,做功效率越高。水球运动员膝关节慢速肌力与快速肌力呈非常显著相关,其左右膝关节肌力相当平衡,快速屈伸肌比率大于慢速屈伸肌,屈肌的慢速力量较弱。  相似文献   

5.
夏娇阳 《体育科学》2005,25(8):53-55,74
通过运用CYBEX NORM多关节等速测力及康复系统对我国男子500m国际级健将和国家级健将速度滑冰运动员下肢膝、踝关节肌力进行测试和分析。结果表明,两组运动员在部分膝、踝关节肌力特征上存在显著性差异,国际级健将运动员表现出较国家级健将运动员更合理的肌力特征。  相似文献   

6.
排球运动员下肢肌力与肌电特征的相关研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用实验法,通过美国产艾力尔智能化力量诊断与训练系统(ACES)和芬兰产Megawin6000肌电仪相结合,探索排球运动员下肢膝关节等速运动状态下肌力、肌电特征以及二者的相互关系,为应用积分肌电评价排球运动员专项力量素质奠定基础,为设计专项力量训练方法、预防运动损伤提供科学依据。研究结果表明排球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征符合Hill方程和力速曲线关系;膝关节等速测试运动期间采集到的股四头肌肌电信号可以客观地评价积分肌电与肌力指标之间的关系,指导专项力量训练实践。  相似文献   

7.
通过对10名髌股疼痛症运动员和18名正常对照者运动员双侧股四头肌等速肌力测试,发现髌股疼痛运动员的股四头肌峰力矩值下降,慢速运动时尤为显著;患侧腘绳肌/肌四头肌肌力比值较健侧明显降低;患侧肌力下降作自身健侧对照有统计学意义。通过讨论认为 Cybex 慢速测试对检出股四头肌肌力减弱较敏感;髌股疼痛因素对等速肌力测试结果影响不大;髌股疼痛患者大腿屈伸肌有肌力不平衡因素存在。同时提出在“适宜关节角度下肌肉力量增强的设想”,并详细解释了该设想的具体内容。  相似文献   

8.
采用等速测试和平衡测试方法,对我国优秀自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员的髋关节、膝关节屈肌力和伸肌力以及4种站姿下的静态平衡能力特征进行研究。结果表明髋关节右侧屈伸肌力、屈伸肌力比、平均功率值稍大于左侧屈肌力量,膝关节伸肌左、右侧单位体重峰力矩和左、右侧平均功率4个指标数值均大于屈肌,在60°/s(慢速)和240°/s(快速)不同的测试速度下,单位体重屈伸峰力矩、屈伸平均功率、屈伸肌力、平均功率随着测试速度的增加出现了显著性差异;正常双脚站立的平衡性大于单脚站立的平衡性。建议合理控制体重及均衡的训练肌肉力量,在适度提高运动速度的情况下,加强下肢伸肌力量的训练,为运动员进行针对性的力量训练、训练后肌肉效果的评价、运动员选材提供科学依据及有价值的理论参考。  相似文献   

9.
运用IsoMed2000型肌力测试系统,选择60°/s和240°/s,对23名优秀男子散打运动员(健将级9名为A组,国家一级14名为B组)支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝、踝屈伸肌群各项等速肌力指标进行测量。探讨优秀散打运动员支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝、踝关节等速肌力特征,分析两腿的肌力差异,判断肌力平衡、关节稳定,运动员等级水平对肌力的影响。结果:国家健将级散打运动员双侧下肢髋、膝、踝关节等速肌力及稳定性显著优于国家一级运动员,支撑腿主要体现力的有效传递及稳定性,进攻腿主要体现屈伸肌力大小。  相似文献   

10.
力量素质是田径项目运动员的重要素质之一。采取科学有效的肌肉力量测试指标和方法,有利于田径运动员专项力量和运动成绩的提高。目前,等速测试、表面肌电图和三维测力系统等技术在肌力测试方面都具有一定的实用价值和应用前景。  相似文献   

11.
This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.  相似文献   

12.
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.  相似文献   

13.
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.  相似文献   

14.
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果:(1)近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;(2)城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;(3)乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;(4)城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。  相似文献   

15.
采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明:定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.  相似文献   

16.
我国体育市场管理法规研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。  相似文献   

17.
重新认识体育的社会关联   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论,体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关,体育与教育部分重叠,体育与宗教最为近缘,体育可借用科学手段,体育的艺术禀性日益明显,体育与养生反映着两种人生观。  相似文献   

18.
本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。  相似文献   

19.
对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。  相似文献   

20.
提高重大体育赛事风险识别能力的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以风险管理理论为基础,采用文献资料法和访谈法,对重大体育赛事风险识别的理论进行了研究.建构了重大体育赛事风险识别的过程模式;提出了重大体育赛事风险识别的技术方法.  相似文献   

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