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1.
在竞技体育运动项目中,特别在球类项目中、踝关节损伤是司空见惯的、踝关节是人体负重行走、运动和接受震荡的主要关节,全身的重量都落在踝关节上面,因而易受损伤。 相似文献
2.
通过对温州师范学院普通系80名艺术体操选修班女大学生进行为期两年的艺术体操训练,探索艺术体操对女大学生步态的影响.与实验前相比,实验后学生行走时步速增大,步宽减小,髋关节在矢状面和额状面上关节活动的范围增大,踝关节落地角减小.这就表明,经过系统的艺术体操训练,学生行走时重心移动的速度加快、更加平稳,行走时平衡能力也得到相应的提高. 相似文献
3.
踝关节是人体负重、行走、运动和接受震荡的主要关节,全身重量都落在踝关节上面,因而易受损伤。踝关节损伤尤以韧带损伤最多,同时,常合并有其它软组织(关节囊、伸趾短肌等)损伤。因此把它命名为踝关节闭合性软组织损伤。本文仅从以韧带损伤为主的闭合性软组织损伤的治疗给予阐述。其它损伤暂不述之。 相似文献
4.
近半个世纪以来,交谊舞已发展成为艺术性、技巧性表演和竞赛项目,广泛流行于世界,其舞姿风格各异,具有独特魅力,深受各国人民喜爱。近年来,我国群众性交谊舞活动蓬勃兴起,广大青年已不满足几个传统老基本舞步的简单重复,希 相似文献
5.
目的:比较分析不同足环节模型构建模式与踝关节角度参数的变异性规律,针对性研究人体下肢及足环节运动时合理选择相关模型,并为正确定义环节角度参数提供理论依据。方法:在试验对象小腿环节和足环节特征点粘贴反光球,以构建国际通用的3种足环节模型和国内普遍使用的2种足矢量模型;通过三维影像捕捉系统获得反光球的三维空间坐标数据;由相关分析软件计算出人体常速平面行走过程中不同足模型产生的踝关节角度变化值。结论:数据验证与理论推理得出,足尖模型不适用于构造踝关节,跖趾关节模型只能应用于高配置运动捕捉实验室。因此,研究推荐使用跖趾模型。三点角和四点角是矢量模型,构造关节角度不准确且有较大误差。与环节角相比,三点角放大了踝关节角度,四点角缩小了踝关节角度变化范围,只适合一些特殊试验条件下的粗略研究。 相似文献
6.
在竞技体育运动项目中,特别在球类项目中、踝关节损伤是司空见惯的、踝关节是人体负重行走、运动和接受震荡的主要关节,全身的重量都落在踝关节上面,因而易受损伤。凡此种种,都是引发踝关节扭伤的原因。据对外伤运动员的统计,踝关节损伤的比例是相当大的,占受伤人数的比例在 相似文献
7.
踝关节是身体负重、行走、运动和接受震荡的主要关节,全身重量都落在关节上面,因而易受损伤;踝关节损伤以韧带损伤最为多见,同时合并有其它软组织损伤(关节囊、伸趾短肌)。 在速度滑冰、短跑道滑冰、冰球、花样滑冰等项目及篮、排球等项目的训练和比赛中均比较多见。作者曾在第七届全国冬季运动会中及全国短道速滑比 相似文献
8.
一、发展踝关节爆发力及动作连续性(一)负重半蹲跳手段:练习者身背杠铃(自身体重50%)或沙袋,上体正直,下蹲时膝关节弯曲大于90°,始终用前脚掌着地上下跳跃练习。次数以每组20～50次为宜。(二)负重深蹲跳手段:练习者身背杠铃(自身体重2 0%～30%)或沙袋,上体正直,下蹲时大小腿折叠靠 相似文献
9.
杜力萍 《西安体育学院学报》2008,25(3):60-64
使用Kistler三维测力平台、TM-6710CL高速摄像机和MONARK829型功率自行车在正常状态和相对疲劳状态下对从不同下落高度跳深的12名男性二级运动员进行了测试,测试结果表明:正常状态下,运动员跳深时,下肢髋、膝、踝关节之间髋关节的角度变化最小,膝关节次之,踝关节的角度变化幅度最大;正常状态下,运动员在各下落高度跳深时,其髋、膝、踝关节在缓冲期的动作顺序上是踝-膝-髋,在蹬伸期的动作顺序是髋-膝-踝;相对疲劳状态下,运动员跳深时,下肢髋、膝、踝关节在缓冲期的动作顺序是踝-髋-膝,在蹬伸期的动作顺序是髋-踝-膝. 相似文献
10.
<正>惠在跨栏跑训练中,练习者的起跨腿在提拉过栏时,往往会由于折叠不及时、踝关节放松、脚尖下垂,而造成与栏架的碰撞,也就导致了栏上重心过高等现象的发生。对此,笔者认为,指导教师应该加强练习者对"起跨腿脚尖上翘"动作的练习。 相似文献
11.
目的:对辽宁省排球队女运动员下肢急停纵跳落地时的力矩和最大关节角度进行研究,以期对有膝关节损伤的排球运动员进行科学训练提供参考。方法:以14名辽宁省排球队女运动员为研究对象,将运动员分为两组,其中无伤组8人,损伤组6人,采用三维测力平台和红外光电运动捕捉系统,记录受试者在完成急停纵跳动作落地时的髋关节、膝关节、踝关节的力矩以及最大关节角度数据。结果:在急停纵跳落地时,损伤膝关节的旋转、收展力矩大于无伤组,屈伸力矩小于无伤组,损伤组的髋关节的屈伸、收展、旋转力矩均大于无伤组;损伤组的踝关节旋转力矩小于无伤组,收展力矩和屈伸力矩大于无伤组。损伤组的踝关节在屈伸、收展和旋转时的最大关节角度大于无伤组;损伤组的膝关节在屈伸和收展时的最大关节角度大于无伤组,旋转时小于无伤组;损伤的髋关节屈伸和收展时的最大关节角度大于无伤组,髋关节旋转时的最大关节角度左侧小于无伤组,右侧大于无伤组。结论:膝关节损伤的运动员完成急停纵跳动作落地时,通过代偿性改变增大髋关节力矩、增加膝关节旋转和收展力矩,增大踝关节收展和屈伸力矩,增加膝关节和髋关节在屈伸和收展时活动角度,增加膝关节屈伸和收展时活动角度来完成动作。 相似文献
12.
篮球运动中踝关节损伤原因及预防 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
周秉政 《体育成人教育学刊》2005,21(5):63-64
在篮球运动训练中,踝关节损伤直接对运动员的运动成绩和运动寿命有着极其严重的影响,踝关节的损伤易使人在极短时间内突然降低或失去运动能力,在训练中尤为多见.通过对60名业余体校的篮球运动员进行为期一年的跟踪调查,发现落地后踩到别人脚上、准备活动不充分、技术动作不规范、缺乏预防损伤意识、比赛中冲撞等因素,是造成踝关节损伤的主要原因. 相似文献
13.
Physical activities such as stair walking and jumping result in increased dynamic loading on the human musculoskeletal system. Use of light weight, externally attached accelerometers allows for in-vivo monitoring of the shock waves invading the human musculoskeletal system during those activities. Shock waves were measured in four subjects performing stair walking up and down, jumping in place and jumping off a fixed elevation. The results obtained show that walking down a staircase induced shock waves with amplitude of 130% of that observed in walking up stairs and 250% of the shock waves experienced in level gait. The jumping test revealed levels of the shock waves nearly eight times higher than that in level walking. It was also shown that the shock waves invading the human musculoskeletal system may be generated not only by the heel strike, but also by the metatarsal strike. To moderate the risk of degenerative joint disorders four types of viscoelastic insoles were utilized to reduce the impact generated shock waves. The insoles investigated were able to reduce the amplitude of the shock wave by between 9% and 41% depending on the insole type and particular physical activity. The insoles were more effective in the reduction of the heel strike impacts than in the reduction of the metatarsal strike impacts. In all instances, the shock attenuation capacities of the insoles tested were greater in the jumping trials than in the stair walking studies. The insoles were ranked in three groups on the basis of their shock absorbing capacity. 相似文献
14.
探讨适宜运动方式对中老年妇女非酒精性脂肪肝患者疗效的影响。方法：对已被确诊为非酒精性脂肪肝的绝经后妇女患者36名先与同年龄段健康妇女进行比较血液等指标,对脂肪肝患者随机分为慢跑组和舞蹈组进行为期6个月的慢跑和舞蹈运动干预,使用心率控制运动强度,再对血液指标检测,评价运动处方的效果。结果：经6个月运动锻炼后两组实验前后相比较,慢跑组试验后体重、BMI、PLT、TCH、TG、GLURBC及HCG均明显下降（P〈0.01）,WBC、MCHC无明显变化（P＆gt;0.05）,MCV、MCH明显升高（P〈0.01）,HCT升高（P〈0.05）;舞蹈组试验后体重、BMI、PLT、TCH、TG、GLU、WBC、RBC及HCG均明显下降（P〈0.01）,HCT、MCH无明显变化（P＆gt;0.05）,MCV下降（P〈0.05）,MCHC有所升高（P〈0.05）。经6个月试验后,慢跑组HGB明显高于舞蹈组（P〈0.01）,慢跑组MCH高于舞蹈组（P〈0.05）,慢跑组TCH低于舞蹈组（P〈0.01）。结论：有氧运动具有减肥、降糖、降脂和防治脂肪肝的良好作用,长期健身运动时慢跑的血红蛋白值明显高于舞蹈的血红蛋白值,长期慢跑降低血液总胆固醇效果要优于舞蹈健身。 相似文献
15.
交谊舞锻炼对老年女性平衡机能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用实验法探讨交谊舞锻炼对老年女性平衡机能的影响。结果显示:实验组在闭目单足站立、平衡木行走、闭目原地踏步及强化Romberg测试中,比对照组有较大的改善和提高,明显优于对照组,均呈显著性差异,说明经常坚持交谊舞锻炼能有效提高老年女性的平衡能力。 相似文献
16.
Taeyou Jung Yumi Kim Hyosok Lim Konstantinos Vrongistinos 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(3):297-307
The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic and spatiotemporal variables of aquatic treadmill walking at three different water depths. A total of 15 healthy individuals completed three two-minute walking trials at three different water depths. The aquatic treadmill walking was conducted at waist-depth, chest-depth and neck-depth, while a customised 3-D underwater motion analysis system captured their walking. Each participant’s self-selected walking speed at the waist level was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining two test conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the three walking conditions in stride length, cadence, peak hip extension, hip range of motion (ROM), peak ankle plantar flexion and ankle ROM (All p values < 0.05). The participants walked with increased stride length and decreased cadence during neck level as compared to waist and chest level. They also showed increased ankle ROM and decreased hip ROM as the water depth rose from waist and chest to the neck level. However, our study found no significant difference between waist and chest level water in all variables. Hydrodynamics, such as buoyancy and drag force, in response to changes in water depths, can affect gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking. 相似文献
17.
Woolf-May K Kearney EM Jones DW Davison RC Coleman D Bird SR 《Journal of sports sciences》1998,16(8):701-710
Forty-nine previously sedentary or low active individuals aged 40-71 years were allocated to three groups. The long walking group participated in an 18-week walking programme which consisted of walks lasting 20-40 min; the repetitive short walking group completed walks of between 10 and 15 min, up to three times a day, with no less than 120 min between each walk; and the control group maintained their low level of activity. Both walking programmes began at a prescribed 60 min x week(-1), which increased steadily up to 200 min x week(-1) by week 12. During the study, the long walking group walked for an estimated 2514 min (139 min x week(-1)), expending an estimated 67.5 MJ (3.72 MJ x week(-1)) at an estimated 73% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and 68% of their estimated VO2max. The repetitive short walking group walked for an estimated 2476 min (135 min x week(-1)), expending an estimated 58.5 MJ (3.17 MJ x week(-1)) at an estimated 71% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and 65% of their estimated VO2max. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in heart rate during a standardized step test (pre- vs post-intervention) in both walking groups, indicating an improvement in aerobic fitness, although the control group showed a higher average heart rate during the post-intervention test, indicating reduced fitness. When compared with the male subjects pre-intervention, the females possessed more favourable levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P< 0.001), apolipoprotein (apo) AI (P < 0.001) and ratios of total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol (P< 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: HDL cholesterol (P< 0.02). Compared with the controls post-intervention, the walking groups showed no statistically significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo AI, apo AII, apo B, or the ratios of total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol, apo AI: apo B or apo AI: apo AII (P > 0.05). Relative to the walking groups, factor XIIa increased in the control group (P < 0.05). We conclude that, although both walking programmes appeared to improve aerobic fitness, there was no evidence of improvements in the blood lipids or associated apolipoproteins of the walking groups. Further analysis indicated that this apparent lack of change may have been related to the subjects' relatively good pre-intervention blood lipid profiles, which restricted the potential for change. The implications of the observed changes in the coagulation/fibrinolytic factors remain unclear. 相似文献
18.
Songning Zhang 《体育科研》2015,(1):1-10-19
研究背景：现有研究文献尚无有关在着地过程中不同表面倾斜度和踝关节护具效应的运动学、动力学和地面反作用力的综合数据。通过对比25°斜面和平面的着地以及使用和不使用踝关节护具情况下来检测踝关节的生物力学特性。研究方法： 11名健康受试者[年龄：（24.6±3.5）岁,身高：（24.6±0.10）m,质量：（65.6±14.9）kg）参与本次研究。受试者在4个动态运动条件下各进行5五次实验：从0.45米高处垂直下落至25°的斜面（IS）或平面（FS）上,使用或不使用半刚性踝关节护具,同时采集三维运动学和测力台地面反作用力数据。利用2×2(表面X踝关节护具)的重复测量方差分析来评估选定的变量。研究结果：与平面着地相比,斜面着地造成较小的垂直和内侧地面反作用力峰值。研究还发现踝关节背曲运动范围、着地角度和背曲速度、最大外翻与跖曲角速度提高,但产生了更大内翻角度和运动范围、着地内翻速度和最大跖曲力矩。踝关节护具在斜面着地时减少了达到地面反作用力第二垂直峰值的时间、着地角度、背曲速度、最大外翻和跖曲速度,但增加了跖曲力矩的最大值。研究结论：斜面增加踝关节额状面的运动范围和踝关节负荷。但是,就斜面着地而言,踝关节护具对踝关节额状面的运动范围和踝关节负荷的影响是相当有限的。 相似文献
19.
Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos Jose Luis Gonzalez-Montesinos Jonatan R Ruiz David Jiménez-Pavón Jose Castro-Piñero 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(1):70-78
The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables that determine the performance of the standing long jump in children 6- to 12-years-old. There were 121 healthy children (58 girls) recorded while they performed the standing long jump test. All kinematic variables showed a significant correlation with calculated jump distance and measured jump distance, except for the knee joint angle at maximum shoulder extension angle, ankle joint angle at maximum shoulder extension angle, and shoulder joint angle at maximum knee flexion angle. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that sex, age, and body mass index accounted for 51.1% of the jump distance variance. Among all the kinematic variables, take-off distance and take-off speed were accounted for the most of the variation in the jump distance. Physical education teachers and coaches should consider special attention to these anthropometrics and kinematic aspects in improving the standing long jump performance in children. 相似文献
20.
目的:观察3个月综合锻炼对社区老年人步态的影响.方法:研究对象为自愿参加本次测试的控江社区60～80岁老年女性16名.志愿者参加每周3次、每次1.5小时、为期3个月的针对性综合锻炼干预,步态指标由VICON系统与KISTLER测力台进行数据同步采集,并使用VISUAL3D软件进行分析.结果:经过运动干预后,志愿者步态指标发生显著变化,表现为步长增加(0.54 ±0.07m VS 0.60±0.06 m,P＜0.01)、步速加快(1.10±0.18 VS1.29±0.22 m/s,P＜0.01)、双支撑时相缩短(24.10％±5.10％ VS 21.08％±3.99％,P＜0.01)、步态各周期中髋、膝、踝关节活动幅显著加大.结论:简易的综合性锻炼计划对老年人步态有显著的改善效果,建议可作为预防老年人跌倒的运动干预手段. 相似文献