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1.
Dylan Mulvin 《The Information Society》2017,33(5):282-290
This article offers a short history of the transformation of time signals into a fundamental stability around which new communication infrastructures are built. These infrastructures include the Network Time Protocol, the Global Positioning System, and high-frequency trading. This article argues that “high-resolution time” can serve as a useful analytic framework for understanding the making and appropriation of contemporary temporal standards. Contemporary temporal infrastructures—the systems of time measurement and dissemination that subtend communication infrastructures—are based on the vibrations of caesium atoms, which act as fixed points. A focus on resolution aligns an analysis with the ways that time standards are, in practice, treated as both infrastructures and texts. High-resolution time, therefore, offers an understanding of time as a scalable resource built through contingent media practices. 相似文献
2.
《Information processing & management》2022,59(3):102911
Machine learning applications must continually utilize label information from the data stream to detect concept drift and adapt to the dynamic behavior. Due to the computational expensiveness of label information, it is impractical to assume that the data stream is fully labeled. Therefore, much research focusing on semi-supervised concept drift detection has been proposed. Despite the large research effort in the literature, there is a lack of analysis on the information resources required with the achievable concept drift detection accuracy. Hence, this paper aims to answer the unexplored research question of “How many labeled samples are required to detect concept drift accurately?” by proposing an analytical framework to analyze and estimate the information resources required to detect concept drift accurately. Specifically, this paper disintegrates the distribution-based concept drift detection task into a learning task and a dissimilarity measurement task for independent analyses. The analyses results are then correlated to estimate the required number of labels within a set of data samples to detect concept drift accurately. The proximity of the information resources estimation is evaluated empirically, where the results suggest that the estimation is accurate with high amount of information resources provided. Additionally, estimation results of a state-of-the-art method and a benchmark data set are reported to show the applicability of the estimation by proposed analytical framework within benchmarked environments. In general, the estimation from the proposed analytical framework can serve as guidance in designing systems with limited information resources. This paper also hopes to assist in identifying research gaps and inspiring new research ideas regarding the analysis of the amount of information resources required for accurate concept drift detection. 相似文献
3.
自然资源类型的科学合理划分是实现中国自然资源统一治理的关键。本文通过大量文献资料梳理,深入分析中国自然资源分类体系研究现状,阐明中国自然资源分类面临的问题与挑战,在总结和归纳国外自然资源分类经验的基础上,提出对构建新分类体系的思路和建议。研究发现：中国现行自然资源分类体系种类繁多、标准不一,多种维度的自然资源分类导致资源类别产生交叉和重复,原分类体系已不能满足实现自然资源统一管理的发展需求。本文提出新分类体系的构建可从“山水林田湖草”综合治理的理念出发,以实现自然资源统一及现代化治理为目标导向,遵循系统性、统一性、全面性等分类原则构建统一的分类标准。最后,提出了对构建新分类体系的流程和思路框架。本文可为构建面向统一管理的自然资源分类提供参考。 相似文献
4.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(2):102184
Recreational queries from users searching for places to go and things to do or see are very common in web and mobile search. Users specify constraints for what they are looking for, like suitability for kids, romantic ambiance or budget. Queries like “restaurants in New York City” are currently served by static local results or the thumbnail carousel. More complex queries like “things to do in San Francisco with kids” or “romantic places to eat in Seattle” require the user to click on every element of the search engine result page to read articles from Yelp, TripAdvisor, or WikiTravel to satisfy their needs. Location data, which is an essential part of web search, is even more prevalent with location-based social networks and offers new opportunities for many ways of satisfying information seeking scenarios.In this paper, we address the problem of recreational queries in information retrieval and propose a solution that combines search query logs with LBSNs data to match user needs and possible options. At the core of our solution is a framework that combines social, geographical, and temporal information for a relevance model centered around the use of semantic annotations on Points of Interest with the goal of addressing these recreational queries. A central part of the framework is a taxonomy derived from behavioral data that drives the modeling and user experience. We also describe in detail the complexity of assessing and evaluating Point of Interest data, a topic that is usually not covered in related work, and propose task design alternatives that work well.We demonstrate the feasibility and scalability of our methods using a data set of 1B check-ins and a large sample of queries from the real-world. Finally, we describe the integration of our techniques in a commercial search engine. 相似文献
5.
《Information processing & management》2016,52(1):61-72
In recent years, there has been a rapid growth of user-generated data in collaborative tagging (a.k.a. folksonomy-based) systems due to the prevailing of Web 2.0 communities. To effectively assist users to find their desired resources, it is critical to understand user behaviors and preferences. Tag-based profile techniques, which model users and resources by a vector of relevant tags, are widely employed in folksonomy-based systems. This is mainly because that personalized search and recommendations can be facilitated by measuring relevance between user profiles and resource profiles. However, conventional measurements neglect the sentiment aspect of user-generated tags. In fact, tags can be very emotional and subjective, as users usually express their perceptions and feelings about the resources by tags. Therefore, it is necessary to take sentiment relevance into account into measurements. In this paper, we present a novel generic framework SenticRank to incorporate various sentiment information to various sentiment-based information for personalized search by user profiles and resource profiles. In this framework, content-based sentiment ranking and collaborative sentiment ranking methods are proposed to obtain sentiment-based personalized ranking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of integrating sentiment information to address the problem of the personalized tag-based search in collaborative tagging systems. Moreover, we compare the proposed sentiment-based personalized search with baselines in the experiments, the results of which have verified the effectiveness of the proposed framework. In addition, we study the influences by popular sentiment dictionaries, and SenticNet is the most prominent knowledge base to boost the performance of personalized search in folksonomy. 相似文献
6.
从资源拼凑和外部创新搜寻的交互视角，本研究认为企业在技术市场需要通过复合的途径为知识或技术找到最佳的“工作”，即推动企业在内部技术开发和外部技术开发之间寻找均衡点，更好的推进企业的双向开放式创新。通过来自珠三角的176份新兴产业的企业样本的实证研究，本文研究发现：（1）外部创新知识搜寻对双选开放式创新，即内向型开放式创新和外向型开放式创新存在倒U型关系的影响。（2）企业资源拼凑对双向开放式创新也均起到了正向影响。（3）企业资源拼凑与外部创新知识搜寻的交互作用对外向型开放式创新存在显著的正向影响，而对内向型开放式创新的直接影响不显著。 相似文献
7.
中国资源地理学学科地位与近期研究热点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
资源地理学是研究资源与地理环境关系的交叉学科,随着经济发展中资源问题的加剧、资源重要性认识的深化和地理科学技术的发展,资源地理学在研究资源形成机理、动态演化、科学配置等方面的作用日益显现,已经形成很强的学科影响与学科独立性。本文介绍了中国资源地理学发展的背景,评价了其学科地位,并对其进行了学科体系划分。通过研究2000-2013年期间国内5种重要学术期刊的文献,分析了中国资源地理学研究的发展趋势及其脉络,归纳了主要研究热点。研究指出,资源地理学在国家经济发展中发挥了重要作用,在资源科学和地理学中的地位牢固,目前已经具备独立学科的基本条件,学科体系可概括为理论、实务、部门和分区等4个部分21个主要领域。从研究论文数量增长趋势看,中国资源地理学已经进入学科稳定发展期,土地、水、生物等领域的研究比较活跃,但各部门研究存在一定程度的不均衡。就主要领域的研究热点看,土地资源地理研究以宏观研究和市域以上尺度研究为主,研究内容主要是城乡土地变化和土地资源区域影响等,水资源地理研究集中在主要水系流域,生物资源地理研究偏重森林和农业区,气候资源地理研究主要关注西部尘源区和东南季风区对全国区域性气候变迁的影响,自然旅游资源地理研究重点是特色旅游区的资源景观、资源开发和资源保护,人力资源地理研究以三大都市圈及其周边城乡为主,聚焦劳动力转移和城市空间等。各领域的研究总体呈现方法、尺度、内容的日趋多元化。 相似文献
8.
在创新驱动发展的趋势下,内生资源是决定企业战略导向及获取竞争优势的重要来源,对于外部资源约束下“小而弱”的新创企业更是如此。因此,新创企业创新发展的本源必须回归企业内部,既要重视对冗余资源的开发利用,也要加强对创业导向的培育;而组织内部“资源-战略”的转化过程必然与外部制度环境息息相关。基于此,本文通过2011—2016年间252家创业板企业为研究对象,分别验证了非沉淀冗余、沉淀冗余资源对创业导向的倒U型影响;并分别以社会网络为非正式制度、以知识产权保护为正式制度的调节因素,检验了不同制度对于冗余资源与创业导向的差异化调节效果。以此完善了对资源基础观、创业机会观及制度观的整合研究。 相似文献
9.
10.
Juan M. Fernández-Luna Juan F. Huete Ramiro Pérez-Vázquez Julio C. Rodrı´guez-Cano 《Information processing & management》2010
In this paper we describe the design of a groupware framework, CIRLab, for experimenting with collaborative information retrieval (CIR) techniques in different search scenarios. This framework has been designed applying design patterns and an object-oriented middleware platform to maximize its reusability and adaptability in new contexts with a minimum of programming efforts. Our collaborative search application comprises three main modules: the Core, which supports various modern state-of-the-art CIR techniques that can be reused or extended in a distributed collaborative environment; the Facades Mediator, an event-driven notification service which allows easy integration between the Core and front-end applications; and finally, the Actions Tracker, which allows researchers to perform experiments on the different elements involved in the collaborative search sessions. The applying of this framework is illustrated through the analysis of the collaborative search-driven development case study. 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104604
This paper offers insights into the diffusion and impact of artificial intelligence in science. More specifically, we show that neural network-based technology meets the essential properties of emerging technologies in the scientific realm. It is novel, because it shows discontinuous innovations in the originating domain and is put to new uses in many application domains; it is quick growing, its dimensions being subject to rapid change; it is coherent, because it detaches from its technological parents, and integrates and is accepted in different scientific communities; and it has a prominent impact on scientific discovery, but a high degree of uncertainty and ambiguity associated with this impact. Our findings suggest that intelligent machines diffuse in the sciences, reshape the nature of the discovery process and affect the organization of science. We propose a new conceptual framework that considers artificial intelligence as an emerging general method of invention and, on this basis, derive its policy implications. 相似文献
12.
RSS: A framework enabling ranked search on the semantic web 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The semantic web not only contains resources but also includes the heterogeneous relationships among them, which is sharply distinguished from the current web. As the growth of the semantic web, specialized search techniques are of significance. In this paper, we present RSS—a framework for enabling ranked semantic search on the semantic web. In this framework, the heterogeneity of relationships is fully exploited to determine the global importance of resources. In addition, the search results can be greatly expanded with entities most semantically related to the query, thus able to provide users with properly ordered semantic search results by combining global ranking values and the relevance between the resources and the query. The proposed semantic search model which supports inference is very different from traditional keyword-based search methods. Moreover, RSS also distinguishes from many current methods of accessing the semantic web data in that it applies novel ranking strategies to prevent returning search results in disorder. The experimental results show that the framework is feasible and can produce better ordering of semantic search results than directly applying the standard PageRank algorithm on the semantic web. 相似文献
13.
目前,中柬水资源合作以技术援助、试点示范、水文信息共享和产能合作为主,但总体上合作水平层次还不高,合作范围还有较大的扩展空间。在构建中柬命运共同体的双边合作历史机遇和新型的澜湄多边合作框架下,未来如何深入推进中柬水资源合作?本文通过构建跨境河流合作“动因—阶段”分析框架,在系统梳理柬埔寨水资源开发利用、水旱灾害防治、水能开发利用、水生态环境保护等方面的主要问题和合作需求的基础上,提出了中柬水资源合作行动清单,并依据其实现的整体收益目标、利益分配方式和制度保障条件,按单方援助、协调合作、协同合作、联合行动4个阶段将行动清单结构化为一幅合作路径的蓝图。 同时,中柬水资源合作虽然显现出由低水平向高水平逐步发展,高水平合作向下兼容低水平合作的基本特性,但当澜湄流域面临不断涌现的新机遇和新挑战时,中柬水资源合作会在某些领域呈现跨阶段发展的局面。 相似文献
14.
This paper presents an investigation about how to automatically formulate effective queries using full or partial relevance information (i.e., the terms that are in relevant documents) in the context of relevance feedback (RF). The effects of adding relevance information in the RF environment are studied via controlled experiments. The conditions of these controlled experiments are formalized into a set of assumptions that form the framework of our study. This framework is called idealized relevance feedback (IRF) framework. In our IRF settings, we confirm the previous findings of relevance feedback studies. In addition, our experiments show that better retrieval effectiveness can be obtained when (i) we normalize the term weights by their ranks, (ii) we select weighted terms in the top K retrieved documents, (iii) we include terms in the initial title queries, and (iv) we use the best query sizes for each topic instead of the average best query size where they produce at most five percentage points improvement in the mean average precision (MAP) value. We have also achieved a new level of retrieval effectiveness which is about 55–60% MAP instead of 40+% in the previous findings. This new level of retrieval effectiveness was found to be similar to a level using a TREC ad hoc test collection that is about double the number of documents in the TREC-3 test collection used in previous works. 相似文献
15.
自然资源法律概念是自然资源法学研究的基础.深圳"鹦鹉案"和江西"鹦鹉案"出现的"类案不同判"现象凸显了自然资源法律概念缺失的司法流弊.目前,学界对自然资源法律概念的阐释主要移植了自然资源的科学概念,并依据自然资源的客观性和主观性,分别形成了"状态论"和"行为论"的阐释路径,而这两条阐释路径都难以做到逻辑自洽.自然资源法... 相似文献
16.
创新：一种新的社会经济发展观——关于创造观与创新观的思考 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本认为“创新概念经历了“创造新东西”、“经济学内涵”和“整合”论三个阶段的否定之否定的演变过程，并将熊彼特的“创新”理论概括为由三个部分构成的有机体系。作通过“创新理论在我国”演变过程的考察，认为我国许多人一直是仅仅从技术学来理解“创新”概念，并深刻揭示了中国传统化阻碍科技与经济结合的劣根性，以及当前盛行“等同”论思想渊源。最后论述了“等同”论与新时代明要求的相迅不容性。 相似文献
17.
小米公司的快速成长造就了一个商业孵化型平台生态系统的典型案例,本研究通过对小米案例的分析揭示了这种系统内行为主体的价值共创机制。研究的数据广泛收集于多种媒体并经过实地采访确证,关注孵化阶段小米对生态链企业的资源支持和运行阶段生态链企业对整个平台生态系统的资源反哺两个方面,得到了系统的资源支持关系模型,并讨论了孵化平台在价值创造中的重要性和整个平台系统的成长机制问题。研究对多/双边市场理论和平台生态系统理论带来了补充,克服了价值链理论和社会网络理论在解释平台生态系统中的理论不足,对管理实践具有丰富的启示。 相似文献
18.
Quandaries in the economics of dual technologies and spillovers from military to civilian research and development 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this paper we argue that the ‘standard’ view of the relationship between military and civilian technology is too simple and cannot account for the variety of historical experiences. In order to understand this relationship, attention must be paid to two things: that technologies have a lifecycle, in different parts of which different types of learning are important; and that the relationship between military and civilian sectors will change depending on the nature of the technology involved, in particular whether it is a process or a product technology. In addition, the standard view does not pay heed to the fact that there are specific organizational requirements to realize any potential cross-benefits. We describe a framework with which to analyse the various features of the relationship taking into account these considerations. 相似文献
19.
Statistical language models have been successfully applied to many information retrieval tasks, including expert finding: the process of identifying experts given a particular topic. In this paper, we introduce and detail language modeling approaches that integrate the representation, association and search of experts using various textual data sources into a generative probabilistic framework. This provides a simple, intuitive, and extensible theoretical framework to underpin research into expertise search. To demonstrate the flexibility of the framework, two search strategies to find experts are modeled that incorporate different types of evidence extracted from the data, before being extended to also incorporate co-occurrence information. The models proposed are evaluated in the context of enterprise search systems within an intranet environment, where it is reasonable to assume that the list of experts is known, and that data to be mined is publicly accessible. Our experiments show that excellent performance can be achieved by using these models in such environments, and that this theoretical and empirical work paves the way for future principled extensions. 相似文献
20.
The power of integrality: Linkages between product architecture, innovation, and industry structure 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A substantial literature stream suggests that many products are becoming more modular over time, and that this development is often associated with a change in industry structure towards higher degrees of specialization. These developments can have strong implications for an industry's competition as the history of the PC industry illustrates. To add to our understanding of the linkages between product architecture, innovation, and industry structure we develop detailed product architecture measurements based on a previously proposed method [Fixson, S.K., 2005. Product architecture assessment: a tool to link product, process, and supply chain design decisions. Journal of Operations Management 23 (3/4), 345-369] and study an unusual case in which a firm - through decreasing its product modularity - turned its formerly competitive industry into a near-monopoly. Using this case study we explore how existing theories on modularity explain the observed phenomenon, and show that most consider technological change in rather long-term dimensions, and tend to focus on efficiency-related arguments to explain the resulting forces on competition. We add three critical aspects to the theory that connects technological change and industry dynamics. First, we suggest integrating as a new design operator to explain product architecture genesis. Second, we argue that a finer-grained analysis of the product architecture shows the existence of multiple linkages between product architecture and industry structure, and that these different linkages help explain the observed intra-industry heterogeneity across firms. Third, we propose that the firm boundary choice can also be a pre-condition of the origin of architectural innovation, not only an outcome of efficiency considerations. 相似文献