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应用二维超声心动图和气体代谢同步联合踏车运动试验测定22名划船运动员和18名自行车运动员心脏形态和机能、VO_2max、AT及通气功能等指标并比较其间的相互关系,对其中7名划船运动员和6名自行车运动员作11个月专项训练纵向观察,应用肌力测试和乳酸分析了等长力量训练对心脏和摄氧量的影响。结果显示,强度大的力量训练不利于心功能和有氧能力的增长;心功能、肺功能、VO_2max和无氧阈间有一定相关,但由于个体差异较大,这些相关主要表现在自身运动过程之中,而无氧阈前后的定量负荷时个体间比较,相关较低。训练专一性对各项指标间的互相关系无重大影响。 相似文献
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耐力型及速度型运动员40％VO_(2max)稳态运动VO_2动力学特点与有氧运动能力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结果发现,运动开始后,三组受试者的VO_2皆为逐渐增加达到稳定状态,VO_2的半时反应时间、氧亏、血乳酸的变化皆为有训练者少于无训练者,耐力训练者少于速度训练者。VO_2的半时反应时间与VO_(max)相关(r=-0. 732),氧亏与VO_(2max)相关(r=-0.608),血乳酸的变化量与VO_(2max)相关(r=-0.495),提示恒定负荷稳态运动时,VO_2动力学反应与机体的训练适应有关,其主要指标VO_2的半时反应时间的大小,反映个体的有氧运动能力,可做为评定有氧运动能力的指标。并建议以VO_2半时反应时间间接推测VO_(2max)。 相似文献
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本研究的目的:(1)采用递增工作强度以简便方法寻找个体无氧阈最大速度(VIATmax),并测试其可靠性和准确性;(2)找出能有效评定和监督VIATmax的生理指标;(3)研究受试者主观寻找并控制VIATmax的可能性。研究发现:(1)一次性递增强度跑台运动产生的乳酸阈和通气阈双重拐点结合,可作为判断VIATmax的简便可靠方法;(2)VO_2max速度和伴有较低心率的VO_2max相对值是评定VIATmax的有效指标;(3)VIATmax可以被受试者或运动员感知,并能在运动中加以控制。 相似文献
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耐力训练对无氧阈、最大吸氧量和心输出量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文纵向观察了10名优秀游泳运动员耐力训练对无氧阈(AT)、最大吸氧量(VO_2max)和心输出量(Q)的影响,并探讨训练引起的AT变化与心功能变化之间的关系。结果发现,游泳运动员经11周耐力训练后,AT时的吸氧量和功率显著提高(p<0.01,P<0.001);AT时的心输出量和每搏量明显增加,且递增负荷运动试验中每搏量稳定时的强度与无氧阈强度密切相关(r=0.88,P<0.01),显示无氧阈不仅反映骨骼肌代谢能力,且与心功能也有很密切的关系。耐力训练后VO_2max无明显改善,提示,用AT评价耐力训练效果较VO_2max更为敏感、准确。 相似文献
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划船运动主要是有氧供能为主的运动项目。最大吸氧量(VO_2max)被公认为是决定运动员有氧能力的主要因素之一,它和耐力成绩呈显著相关。研究表明,耐力运动员的最大吸氧量比其它项目的运动员为高。但由于最大吸氧量主要是由遗传决定的,所以耐力运动员所具有的较高的最大吸氧量主要是由于运动员自然选择、自然淘汰的结果而不是训练的结果。近年来进一步研究发现,耐力运动员的成绩与无氧阈的相关比最大吸氧量更为密切。研究还表明,无氧阈可通过耐力运动训练得到提高。所以测定耐力运动员的最大吸氧量、无氧阀尤为必要,无氧阈 相似文献
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盛克标 《武汉体育学院学报》1983,(1)
据国内外文献记载,大多数运动员的心脏比一般人增大,其增大的数值随运动项目的不同而不同。我国学者在自行车、马拉松、田径、体操、举重、兰球、游泳、排球、足球、网球等运动项目方面曾作过一些研究,但在划船运动项目方面尚未见报道。为了探讨我国划船运动员的心脏特点,给教学、训练及选材提供一些参考数据,本文对77名优秀划船运动员作了心脏X线摄形态片、测量与分析,现报告如下: 相似文献
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急性低氧对自行车运动员递增负荷运动时肌氧饱和度的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目的:通过近红外光谱技术观察自行车运动员低氧下递增负荷运动时肌氧饱和度的变化,探索可靠、有效,无创的评价肌肉疲劳指标.方法:连续监测15名自行车运动员常氧和急性低氧环境下递增负荷运动时心肺系统和肌氧饱和度的变化.结果:(1)低氧条件下,由开始运动到75%最大功率,△[HbO2]降低、△[HHb]增高;由75%至100%最大功率时,△[HbO2]保持不变,△[HHb]和△[THb]增加.但在4个不同功率等级下低氧△[HbO2]均高于常氧值,△[HHb]存50%、75%和100%最大功率时均低于常氧对应值;(2)运动员在低氧运动时,无氧阈(VT)和最大摄氧量(VO2max)出现时对应的心率、气体代谢、血氧饱和度(SpO2)和功率都出现降低;其中VT和VO2max/对应的VO2、VE/VO2、VE/VCO2和SpO2都低于常氧运动时的值.结论:(1)自行车运动员低氧运动时相对强度增大,而低氧通气反应显著高于常氧水平.提示提高自行车运动员在高原训练和/或比赛时的低氧通气反应有利于提高其有氧能力;(2)低氧运动时△[HbO2]显著高于常氧值,△[HHb]显著低于常氧值,说明肌氧饱和度是反映肌肉疲劳程度的敏感指标,可考虑将其作为监控和评价白行车运动员训练、比赛的指标. 相似文献
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冯海 《沈阳体育学院学报》2004,23(3):391-391
在高校运动训练实践中,通过对部分运动员心率的长期追踪测试和 VO2max的 strand列线图的实验法分析,发现VO2max增值与心率差值在一定范围内存在负相关关系,并找出二者的相关规律,为今后合理控制运动强度,有效提高训练效果,至少应在 VO2max增长阈值以上,提供运动生理学的依据。 相似文献
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There is a paucity of research on devices suitable for home-based isometric exercise. Our aim was to compare cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise using novel and established methods. Ten individuals (age 34.0 +/- 8.5 years, mass 68.2 +/- 10.4 kg, height 1.72 +/- 0.09 m; mean +/- s) performed three different isometric exercise protocols with 48 h between each. Each protocol involved four repeated exercise bouts of 2 min at 30% maximum voluntary contraction force using alternate legs (transducer), alternate arms (transducer), or alternate arms (novel device). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 30 s. The highest (peak) values during each 2 min bout of exercise were recorded (peak systolic blood pressure, peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure and peak heart rate). At the end of each 2 min exercise bout, the participants rated their perceived discomfort using Borg's CR-10 scale. There was a statistically significant difference in peak systolic blood pressure between isometric arm flexion using the force transducer and the novel device [158.1 +/- 10.8 vs. 149.1 +/- 13.9 mmHg (mean +/- s); P = 0.02]. Further analysis showed that peak systolic blood pressure was on average 9 mmHg higher using the force transducer with limits of agreement of - 15.97 to 33.97 mmHg. Analysis of the peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure, peak heart rate and CR-10 data revealed no statistically significant differences between the three protocols. These results suggest that this novel, home-based method elicited similar cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise to those of established laboratory-based methods. However, the lower peak systolic blood pressure using the modified scales warrants further investigation before this method is used widely in the home. 相似文献
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Jonathan D Wiles Damian Coleman Martin Dunford Ian Swaine 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):795-803
There is a paucity of research on devices suitable for home-based isometric exercise. Our aim was to compare cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise using novel and established methods. Ten individuals (age 34.0?±?8.5 years, mass 68.2?±?10.4?kg, height 1.72?±?0.09?m; mean?±?s) performed three different isometric exercise protocols with 48?h between each. Each protocol involved four repeated exercise bouts of 2?min at 30% maximum voluntary contraction force using alternate legs (transducer), alternate arms (transducer), or alternate arms (novel device). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 30?s. The highest (peak) values during each 2?min bout of exercise were recorded (peak systolic blood pressure, peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure and peak heart rate). At the end of each 2?min exercise bout, the participants rated their perceived discomfort using Borg's CR-10 scale. There was a statistically significant difference in peak systolic blood pressure between isometric arm flexion using the force transducer and the novel device [158.1?±?10.8 vs. 149.1?±?13.9?mmHg (mean?±?s); P = 0.02]. Further analysis showed that peak systolic blood pressure was on average 9?mmHg higher using the force transducer with limits of agreement of –?15.97 to 33.97?mmHg. Analysis of the peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure, peak heart rate and CR-10 data revealed no statistically significant differences between the three protocols. These results suggest that this novel, home-based method elicited similar cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise to those of established laboratory-based methods. However, the lower peak systolic blood pressure using the modified scales warrants further investigation before this method is used widely in the home. 相似文献
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通过问卷调查、实验分析等方法,探讨了不同运动强度对不同性别、不同锻炼情况的普通大学生状态焦虑的影响,寻找适合大学生降低状态焦虑的有效手段。实验选取了心率、收缩压、舒张压三项常用生理指标,并分析其与状态焦虑变化之间的关系。研究结果显示,运动对降低状态焦虑的影响具有运动强度、运动形式、性别、运动经历差异,并在影响时间上具有延迟性差异,经常参加体育锻炼男实验组,降低状态焦虑的适宜负荷为有氧运动中的75%VO2max和无氧运动,而对于经常参加体育锻炼女实验组、不经常参加体育锻炼男女组,有氧运动的中低强度(30%VO2max)较为适宜。心率、血压伴随状态焦虑出现节律性变化,研究建议把收缩压作为评价状态焦虑水平的生理学指标之一。 相似文献
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本实验通过对ＳＶ和Ａ－ＶＯ_２的同时测定，进一步探讨了ＶＯ_２的限定因素。结果显示：用快增及慢增负荷运动形式达４０％ＶＯ_（２ｍａｘ）时，快增负荷运动的Ａ－ＶＯ_２较大而慢增负荷运动的ＳＶ较大。因此，随运动方式不同ＶＯ_２的限定因素则有所改变。 相似文献
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Chris A. Milesis Michael L. Pollock Michael D. Bah John J. Ayres Ann Ward A. C. Linnerud 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):716-725
Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of 15, 30, and 45 min of conditioning on maximum performance and cardiorespiratory fitness variables, body composition, pulmonary function, and serum lipids. Subjects, ages 20 to 35, were 59 inmates at a California state prison. The conditioning included running and walking and was performed three days/week at approximately 85 to 90% max HR for 20 weeks. The distance covered per exercise session was approximately 1.75, 3.25, and 5.1 miles for the 15-, 30-, and 45-min groups, respectively. Improvements in treadmill performance time. [Vdot]O2 max, max O2 pulse, diastolic blood pressure, and total skinfold fat were proportional to duration of the training session; i.e., the subjects training in the longer duration sessions showed the greater improvements. The control group showed no significant change during the same period. Compared to the control group, the 15-min group made significant reductions in resting HR, total skinfold fat, percent fat, and waist girth and increases in [Vdot]O2 max, max O2 pulse,[Vdot]E max, and treadmill performance time. Vital capacity, FEV1.0, and % FEV1.0 remained relatively unchanged in all four groups, as did serum cholesterol and triglycerides. The 45-min group improved significantly more than the 15-min group in treadmill time, [Vdot]O2 max, max O2 pulse, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and percent fat. In general, comparisons between the 15- and 30-min groups and between the 30- and 45-min groups failed to yield statistically significant differences. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the simultaneous use of pyridoxine-alpha-ketoglutarate (PAK) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on short-term maximal exercise capacity in eight well-trained male cyclists. The study consisted of the determination of maximal power output and the administration of various combinations of placebos, PAK and NaHCO3, followed by a short-term maximal exercise test. To determine maximal power output (power(max)), the subjects performed a continuous, incremental test on a Monark bicycle ergometer to symptom limited maximum (test 1). To determine the effects of NaHCO3 and PAK on short-term maximal exercise performance, the subjects were administered either placebo (PLA), PAK and sodium bicarbonate (P/B), PAK and placebo (PAK), or sodium bicarbonate and placebo (BIC) prior to performing short-term maximal exercise (test 2). Oral tablets of NaHCO3 and PAK were given in doses of 200 mg kg-1 and 50 mg kg-1 respectively. The subjects pedalled at the power output corresponding to 100% of their VO2 max at 70 rev min-1 until voluntary cessation or until they were unable to maintain pedal revolution rate. Venous blood samples were drawn at rest (RES), cessation of exercise (CES) and after 2 min of recovery (REC) and analysed for lactate, pH and bicarbonate ion concentration. The subjects attained an average maximum power output of 377 +/- 20 W during the graded maximal pre-test (test 1). There were no significant differences between treatments in the ability to sustain power(max) during test 2. During test 2, the subjects were able to sustain power(max) for 7.6 +/- 4.3 min with P/B, 6.7 +/- 2.9 min with PAK, 7.3 +/- 4.9 min with BIC and 6.9 +/- 2.7 min with placebo (mean +/- S.E.). Blood lactate (BLa) was significantly elevated at cessation of exercise and remained elevated during recovery, but there were no significant differences between treatments. Bicarbonate fell significantly during exercise and recovery in each treatment. At rest, bicarbonate levels were significantly higher in both the P/B and BIC than in the PAK or PLA treatments. Pooled data from the P/B and BIC treatments demonstrated a significant increase in pH at rest and end of exercise when compared to PLA treatment. These data suggest that sodium bicarbonate rather than PAK was responsible for this increase. In summary, our data suggest that in the dosages used in this study, administration of sodium bicarbonate or PAK, alone or in combination, is ineffective in increasing short-term maximal exercise capacity. 相似文献
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此研究对象由24名11~12岁青春期前的儿童组成,其目的是为了探讨一个为期10W的有氧训练计划对青春期前儿童有氧能力的影响,尤其是对不同性别儿童的最大吸氧量(VO2max)的影响。训练组经过10W的有氧训练后,VO2max得到了明显的增加,这种增加在女童中更为明显。VO2max增加的比例和初始VO2max(ml.min-1.kg-1)水平之间存在显著相关。研究结果显示,青春期前的儿童经过一段时间的有氧训练后,VO2max能得到增加,如果考虑到初始有氧能力水平,那么男女孩VO2max的增加将不存在显著差异。 相似文献
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Sodium bicarbonate ingestion does not alter the slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics in professional cyclists 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Santalla A Pérez M Montilla M Vicente L Davison R Earnest C Lucía A 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(1):39-47
We examined the effects of pre-exercise sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on the slow component of oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in seven professional road cyclists during intense exercise. One hour after ingesting either a placebo or NaHCO3 (0.3 g x kg body mass(-1)), each cyclist (age, 25 +/- 2 years; VO2max, 74.7 +/- 5.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); mean +/- s) performed two bouts of 6 min duration at an intensity of 90% VO2max interspersed by 8 min of active recovery. Gas exchange and blood data (pH, blood lactate concentration and [HCO3-]) were collected during the tests. In both bouts, the slow component of VO2 was defined as the difference between end-exercise VO2 and the VO2 at the end of the third minute. No significant difference was found in the slow component of VO2 between conditions in the first (NaHCO3, 210 +/- 69 ml; placebo, 239 +/- 105 ml) or second trial (NaHCO3, 123 +/- 88 ml; placebo, 197 +/- 101 ml). In conclusion, pre-exercise NaHCO3 ingestion did not significantly attenuate the VO2 slow component of professional road cyclists during high-intensity exercise. 相似文献