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技术联盟形成的动机之一是学习,学习的效果受到合作伙伴之间认知差异程度的影响,合作者之间过高或者过低的认知差异水平都不利于组织间学习效率的提高。以中国电子信息产业的企业技术联盟为研究对象,把认知差异区分为技术认知差异和组织认知差异。研究发现,技术认知差异与联盟的形成之间呈现出普遍接受的倒U型关系,而组织认知差异与联盟形成之间却呈现出少见的正U型关系。最后从行业发展阶段及国别差异给出了初步的解释。 相似文献
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An empirical investigation of knowledge management and innovative performance: The case of alliances 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper examines firm-level performance implications of strategic alliances by employing knowledge management practices as intermediaries. Unlike previous research which focuses on partner firm factors, this study investigates how alliance characteristics (i.e., alliance scope and governance) affect interfirm knowledge sharing and creation, and how these two practices and their interaction in turn affect innovative performance. These questions are examined in a sample of 127 German partnering firms. Results show that joint ventures as opposed to contractual alliances are more effective and influential in facilitating knowledge sharing and creation. In contrast, the scope of alliance activities, while positively associated with knowledge sharing, has no direct relationship with knowledge creation. In addition to these results, the study also finds that knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and their interaction significantly contribute to partner firms’ innovative performance. 相似文献
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利用1999至2013年拥有标准联盟参与经历的170家车辆生产企业的数据,研究标准联盟组合多样性对企业两类技术标准化能力(主导能力、跟随能力)的影响,及关系强度在上述影响中的调节作用。基于负二项随机效应回归模型的实证分析发现：标准联盟组合多样性与企业技术标准化主导能力呈正U型关系,与技术标准化跟随能力呈倒U型关系。在标准联盟组合资源向技术标准化能力转化的过程中,联盟关系强度发挥了显著调节作用：随着关系强度提升,联盟组合多样性与技术标准化主导能力的正U型关系曲线、与技术标准化跟随能力的倒U型关系曲线将变得更为陡峭。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(4):104705
This study examines exit dynamics in open multiparty alliances, an important form of interfirm collaboration that includes committee-based standard-setting organizations, research and technology consortia, and other types of open meta-organizations. Open multiparty alliances differ markedly from more commonly studied dyadic alliances and closed multiparty alliances due to the open nature of membership and the broad diversity of firms that collaborate towards shaping the trajectory of emerging technologies in a sector. Drawing from literature on interfirm imitation, we posit that under conditions of elevated uncertainty about the technologies under development and the ability of diverse alliance members to work together effectively, firms are subject to social influence from their industry peers and thus tend to imitate them in exiting open multiparty alliances. However, we also argue that firms that are central in the wider network of alliances have access to superior information on sector developments as well as key resources that immunize them from such social influence effects. Analyses of the exit dynamics of the nine most influential open multiparty alliances that shaped the global mobile phone sector between 2000 and 2012 support our predictions. Our findings contribute to research on interfirm collaboration in technology-intensive contexts, in particular on open collaboration between multiple partners. 相似文献
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Timothy B. Folta Walter J. Ferrier 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2000,11(2):175-198
This study examines how national culture influences the likelihood and rate of buyouts among R&D equity alliances and joint ventures in the biotechnology industry. We hypothesize that the interaction of specific national culture attributes and cultural differences between alliance partners have an impact on: (1) the amount of endogenous uncertainty surrounding the potential integration of the target firm and (2) the marginal rate of learning in hierarchical versus collaborative governance. Applying a competing hazard model to a sample of 173 joint ventures and minority equity collaborations in the biotechnology industry, we found that investing firms from high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance countries are more likely to buy out their alliance partners. Furthermore, greater cultural distance between alliance partners increases the likelihood of partner buyout when investing firms are from high power distance countries. 相似文献
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本文通过对106家中国上市企业在2009—2018年的面板数据进行多元回归分析,探讨了知识距离和企业知识基础的交互匹配对企业绿色创新的影响机制,以及网络密度在其中的调节作用。研究发现,拥有多样化知识基础的企业,嵌入到低知识距离联盟中更有利于企业绿色创新;而拥有专业化知识基础的企业,嵌入到高知识距离联盟中更有利于企业绿色创新。松散网络抑制了专业化知识基础和高知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的正向效应,但改善了专业化知识基础和低知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的影响,其调节效应在一段时间后可持续;紧密网络强化了专业化知识基础和高知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的影响,以及多样化知识基础和低知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的正向效应,其调节效应随着时间推移而减弱。本文有助于识别企业绿色创新的最优内外部知识配置和网络结构,为提升我国企业绿色创新效果提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Recently, proponents of interfirm R&D collaboration have emphasized its benefits. We develop a dynamic model of Schumpeterian competition to examine whether such collaboration is indeed beneficial in the long run. We find that interfirm R&D collaboration is more likely to be a losing strategy when partners form alliances mainly to reduce R&D costs. On the other hand, partners collaborating to seek synergy by accessing each other's complementary assets/capabilities are more likely to be successful. Our study suggests that firms should not use strategic alliances merely to reduce R&D costs in a catch-up situation or to avoid head-on competition with rivals. 相似文献
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本研究基于交易成本理论分析了在研发联盟组合中,研发合作伙伴的社会价值（中心企业的研发合作伙伴的伙伴数的平均值来衡量）如何作用于企业的突破性创新;同时分析了研发联盟伙伴技术多样性以及地理多样性的调节作用。基于1997年至2017年中国医药制造业构建研发联盟的数据,采用负二项回归分析发现：（1）在研发联盟组合中,研发联盟伙伴社会价值与企业突破性创新的关系为倒U形;（2）研发联盟伙伴技术多样性减弱了伙伴社会价值对企业突破性创新的倒U作用;（3）研发联盟伙伴地理多样性增强了伙伴社会价值对企业突破性创新的倒U作用。本文的研究结论不仅完善了现有的研发联盟组合文献和伙伴多样性研究文献,还基于交易成本理论为企业管理者进行伙伴选择及联盟组合管理提供重要的思路启发。 相似文献
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组织合作网络结构对企业绩效的影响有两类相反的作用机制：网络闭合和网络开放。论文认为,哪种机制起作用取决于企业所面临的创新任务以及知识来源在网络中的位置。基于汤森路透、USPTO和Compustat三个数据库,论文构建1990-2001年生物技术和医药产业追踪数据,采用社会网络分析方法、固定效应和随机效应模型对此问题进行实证研究。结果发现,战略联盟网络密度增加和结构洞指标增加会负向影响企业技术创新数量,正向影响企业技术创新质量;网络结构调节着直接联盟关系和间接联盟关系对企业技术创新的影响。 相似文献
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专利联盟能否帮助联盟成员防范联盟伙伴专利诉讼？基于联盟学习、合作竞争和社会网络理论,着眼于专利联盟网络,以2006—2018年MPEGLA管理的12个专利联盟成员为样本,通过14 454组配对,采用负二项回归模型实证研究专利联盟对遭受联盟伙伴专利诉讼的影响机制,并分析探索式合作、竞争性学习、网络中心位置和技术相似性的调节作用。研究发现：专利联盟与遭受联盟伙伴专利诉讼强度呈正向关系,探索式合作、竞争性学习和网络中心位置显著削弱专利联盟与专利诉讼的关系,而技术相似性显著强化专利联盟与专利诉讼的关系。本文拓展了专利联盟对联盟伙伴互动的影响路径,对于高技术企业有效利用专利联盟并防范联盟伙伴专利诉讼具有现实指导意义。 相似文献
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Access to knowledge is increasingly the driver underpinning the globalization of research. In emerging industries, such access is often managed through alliance structures between small entrepreneurial organizations. The literature on international alliances, however, is dominated by studies of “Triad” nation partners (United States, Europe and Japan) which are often larger firms, collaborating for market access motives and usually with established technologies. In addition, prior research has concentrated on particular aspects, such as motives for, and initial circumstances of, alliance formation. Analyses of the dynamic aspects in the relationship between alliance partners are more scarce. This article describes a study of an international research alliance in which the technology is in the superconductivity industry (which itself is not conforming to traditional notions of an emergent technology), one partner is from a non-Triad nation and the primary motive for formation was access to knowledge. We argue that this study has revealed gaps in current alliance research and hypothesize how some more socially based and process-related considerations could enhance the debate on knowledge-seeking alliances. 相似文献
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技术战略联盟是合作伙伴资源共享、提高技术创新效率和共同创造价值的组织,但其创新活动往往伴随着各类风险,在实践中很多联盟的运行没有达到预期效果。如何降低联盟的运行风险,优化合作路径既是理论的前沿问题,也是实践亟待解决的难题。本文研究了技术战略联盟运行风险、协同合作与联盟稳定的关系,通过实证研究,结果表明：第一,技术战略联盟运行过程中利益冲突风险和分歧冲突风险会降低联盟的稳定性,而联盟依赖风险初期会提高联盟绩效,但随着依赖程度的逐渐加深,参与各方的自主开拓创新能力有可能受损,从而降低联盟绩效;第二,联盟内部的自主合作可以正向调节技术战略联盟运行中利益冲突风险、分歧冲突风险与联盟绩效的关系,并且削弱联盟依赖风险对联盟绩效的倒U型效应,从而起到协同优化的作用。政府扶持对技术战略联盟运行风险与联盟稳定关系的调节作用并不明显。 相似文献
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In search of complementary assets: The determinants of alliance formation of high-tech start-ups 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Why do new technology-based firms (NTBFs) cooperate? Starting from Teece's [Teece, D.J., 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing, and public policy. Research Policy 15, 285-305] conceptual framework and taking advantage of subsequent literature on alliance formation in the resource and competence-based tradition and in the social structure perspective, we derive an empirical model that aims at highlighting the inducements and obstacles that these firms face in alliance formation according to firm-specific characteristics and the nature of the alliance. In particular, a distinction is made between exploitative commercial alliances and explorative technological alliances. The econometric estimates, based on a large sample of Italian young high-tech firms that are observed from 1994 to 2003, provide strong evidence supporting two key intuitions of Teece's work. First, the “combination of specialized complementary assets” appears to be a key driver of the formation of exploitative commercial alliances by NTBFs. More specifically, patent holding affects positively the likelihood to establish commercial alliances, but this propensity is found to rapidly decrease with firm size, suggesting that as long as NTBFs become larger and possess specialized commercial assets their urge for commercial alliances diminishes. Second, following the parallelism set forth by Teece between search for alliance partners and access to external financing, the analysis indicates that potentially beneficial alliances may not take place because of the high transaction costs faced by smaller NTBFs. In this respect, our results clearly support the view that sponsor institutions as public research organizations, venture and corporate venture capitalists may sensibly reduce these costs and that their role crucially depends on both the identity of the sponsor and the type of alliance. 相似文献
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The evolution of trust in information technology alliances 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Candace E. Ybarra Thomas A. Turk 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2009,20(1):62-74
As strategic alliances become an increasingly important weapon for companies in achieving a competitive advantage, an important subject of investigation has become those factors that contribute to the success of the alliance. Trust between the alliance partners has been proposed to be one of those critical success factors. The high levels of uncertainty and interdependence that characterizes high technology alliances make trust particularly important in these contexts. Very little is known, however, about the process of trust creation or erosion in strategic alliances. This study addresses this shortcoming in cross-sectional trust research by utilizing a longitudinal survey design to examine the antecedents and outcomes of trust formation between strategic alliance partners. We contrast a transaction cost economics view of trust with a social exchange perspective to more fully explore what may influence changes in the level of trust between partners. Results suggest that the development of trust was not a function of the formal incentive systems that transaction cost economists deem necessary to prevent opportunistic behavior. Conversely, factors from social exchange theory – communication, shared values, and relationship equity – provide a more thorough explanation of what contributes to the development of higher levels of organizational trust. Finally, this study provides evidence that as trust increases between partners, the alliance benefits by displaying higher levels of dependence, higher levels of partner learning, and higher levels of performance. 相似文献
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联盟管理能力是动态能力的一种特殊形式,基于形成动态能力的不同组织惯例和常规,企业联盟管理能力在理论上包括组织间协调、联盟组合协调、组织间学习、组织感知和联盟组织变革五个要素。通过对珠三角313家创新型企业的调查研究,采用高阶因子分析检验了这一结构的合理性,同时基于结构方程模型方法探讨了联盟管理能力在联盟发展、联盟经验和联盟组织结构对联盟价值创造产生影响时的中介作用。实证分析结果显示联盟管理能力对于联盟价值创造具有正向的影响,联盟管理能力在联盟发展对联盟价值创造的影响中具有部分的中介效应,在联盟经验和联盟组织结构对于联盟价值创造的影响中具有完全的中介效应。 相似文献
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Many young biotechnology firms act as intermediaries in tripartite alliance chains. They enter upstream partnerships with public sector research institutions, and later form commercialization alliances with established, downstream firms. We examine the alliance activity in a large sample of biotechnology firms and find: (i) firms with multiple in-licensing agreements are more likely to attract revenue-generating alliances with downstream partners; however, (ii) the positive relationship between in-licenses and downstream alliances attenuates as firms mature, and (iii) the diversity and the quality of the academic connections of firms’ principals influences their chances of successfully acquiring commercialization rights to scientific discoveries in universities. 相似文献
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研发联盟企业间知识共享影响因素的实证研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
由于研发联盟企业间的知识共享跨越了组织的边界，因此具有更为复杂的机制。本文通过分析研发联盟企业间知识共享的微观机制，从合作伙伴的技术资源强度、企业的组织学习能力、技术知识的壁垒属性、伙伴间的相容性水平等四个方面探讨了研发联盟企业间知识共享的影响因素，并采用结构方程模型（SEM）结合151家企业的调查数据，实证研究了上述四个因素对研发联盟知识共享绩效的影响作用。最后提出了研发联盟改善知 知识共享绩效的措施以及本文进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
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Barriers to innovation have mainly been studied in a single country context. This paper studies differences in the perception of innovation barriers between innovative and non-innovative firms for 18 EU countries. The countries are grouped by their distance to the technological frontier using Community Innovation Surveys for the years 2002–2004 and 2004–2006. The results show that knowledge barriers related to the availability of skilled labour, innovation partners and technological knowledge are more important for firms located in countries close to the frontier, while the opposite is true regarding the availability of external finance. Moreover, while the share of innovators decreases with the distance to the technological frontier, the share of firms not interested or in no need of innovation increases. This is consistent with the idea that as firms approach the technological frontier, they increasingly need to focus on the creation of own knowledge and the adoption of innovation-based growth strategies to stay competitive. 相似文献