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茶作为一种经济植物在农业文化遗产保护中具有举足轻重的作用,这不仅因为茶起源中国,更因为中国各民族在茶的使用过程中形成了丰富多彩的茶文化。然而,随着时代的变迁,茶文化也发生着深刻的变化。因此,研究茶文化,尤其是少数民族的茶文化及其变迁对保护农业文化遗产和传承民族文化具有十分重要的意义。本文以大理州宾川县一个白族村寨——大罗村为例,研究了白族茶文化在待客、婚礼和祭祀方面的变迁。结果表明:①今天蜚声海内外的白族"三道茶"最早起源于长辈对晚辈的嘱托而不是待客。随着时代的变迁,白族茶文化在待客方面经历了一个从繁琐到简化的变迁,这反映了民族文化的不断丧失;②白族的聘礼和婚礼中茶的应用,象征着新人对爱情的坚贞,隐喻着妇女从一而终的道德观念以及多子多福,家族繁盛的愿望,而新婚夫妇敬"三道茶"则表达了新人对长辈的感激。如今的白族婚礼中的茶文化几乎消失殆尽;③茶在祭祀亡灵、本主、祖先和土地神中象征祭祀对象的永恒和死而复生,及其对人们的庇护。虽然村寨中祭祀活动得到了进一步恢复,但其中的茶文化内涵在进一步淡化。从大罗村白族茶文化的变迁中折射出当代民族文化与农业文化遗产的丧失,应引起人们的重视。 相似文献
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传统侗族村落的农业文化涵义与保护策略——以贵州省从江县小黄村为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分布于湘、黔、桂三省交界地区的传统侗族村落,蕴含着独特的生存理念、文化传统、科学技术,是全人类的宝贵财富,其中黔东南侗族村寨(六洞、九洞侗族村寨——贵州省黎平县、从江县、榕江县)已经在2006年被列为我国世界文化遗产后备名单。在长期的农业生活中,这些侗族村落受到农业文化的影响,蕴含着丰富的农业文化内涵,表现出明显的农业文化特征。侗族村落的选址与侗族先民的生产习惯有着某种联系;侗族村落以鼓楼为核心的结构形式是传统侗族社会组织形式的反映;村落的布局、营造受到农业活动的影响;民族建筑的造型、装饰以及建造过程都与农业生产有密切的关系。随着城市化进程的加快,传统侗族村落也面临保护与发展的问题。要将村落看成是农业文化系统中的一个组成部分,注重整体的保护;把握好"全球重要农业文化遗产"项目带来的机遇,发展旅游业;加快现代化改造,改善村落的生活环境。 相似文献
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<正>茶,是中国的国饮,是中华民族的瑰宝,是中华文化的重要组成部分。茶文化是中国传统文化的精华之一,蕴含着深厚的历史底蕴和人文内涵。茶文化不仅关乎茶,也关乎人与自然、人与人、人与社会的和谐关系,也关乎民族精神和社会价值的传承与创新。茶文化进校园,有助于广大师生了解茶的历史、品味茶的艺术、感悟茶的哲学、弘扬茶的礼仪,从而提高自身的文化修养和艺术品味,培养健康和谐的生活理念和情操。 相似文献
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《科学中国人》2016,(9)
茶文化如茶道、茶艺、茶俗、茶礼之类清新淡雅的片断是人类悠久流长历史中沉淀下的一朵瑰宝,大唐盛世在政治经济文化的推动下,茶文化在社会发展史中有着举足轻重的地位。本论文主要从茶的起源、发展及文化的形成过程和内容,研究其作为中国文化发展的重要内涵及对其他领域的连带作用,引起人们以对本民族文化的共鸣。唐朝是我国古代政治经济文化发展最鼎盛的时期,因而对茶饮文化发展有强大的推动作用。继而出现的陆羽《茶经》等文字著作是对茶文化发展从饮食到文化的高度总结和精神文化的集中体现,茶叶的种植、采摘、加工、烹煮、品饮乃至于茶具、习俗,使茶文化从纯技艺升华为精神文化,并集中体现在茶道文化这一次生的文化形式,其影响一直延续至今、流芳全世界。 相似文献
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大理白族建筑彩绘装饰艺术是大理白族建筑装饰艺术的一个重要部分,是研究白族建筑艺术文化的重要渠道。彩绘装饰图案由于深受中原文化的影响,其表现力依赖于华夏民族、白族的深层心理定势,在文化的交流与碰撞中整合出新的因素,形成了独具大理白族特色的建筑彩绘装饰艺术文化。本文从象征、比喻、谐音、双关、组合等表现技巧的角度分析大理白族建筑彩绘装饰图案造型与立意的文化内涵。 相似文献
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民族的多样性和文化的多元化是中华民族的特色之一,除汉族外,中国还是一个容纳了55个少数名族的多民族国家。在五千年的历史发展中,各民族形成了鲜明的民族主义文化特色,各民族间的相互交流、相互影响、相互促进形成了独具中国特色社会主义的统一精神。但随着时代信息的发展,加速了民族文化转型的脚步,迫使少数民族如蒙古族的语言和文字等一系列的非物质文化遗产不断丧失,同时层出不穷的新文化也让各种文化的发展面临着不同的机遇和挑战。 相似文献
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中国第一个“文化遗产日”的到来,让国人体会到一种前所未有的新鲜感,而这种新鲜的感觉很快被一种沉重的危机感所侵吞。对于中华民族这个非物质文化遗产大国来说,对本土文化的护卫意识在很多地方几乎是空白。更为主要的是,在一些地方,文化流失的过程,却恰恰是以文明和进步的正当之名完成的,这是十分可悲的。在我国现代化建设的飞速发展中,在我国加入WTO以后的经济全球化大潮中,在全国上下轰轰烈烈的城乡改适的过程中,我国文化传统根基面临着一场前所未有的挑战,这场挑战不啻于一场毁灭性的浩劫:许多优秀遗产有的淡出历史舞台,有的已经被破坏得面目全非,有的奄奄一息,苟延残喘。如果一个号称有五千年文明史的泱泱大国,连自己文化都保护不了,我们的民族终将会因为失去文化的维系和承载而显得肤浅不堪,甚至失去与世界对话的勇气和自信。我国目前非物质文化遗产的生存、保护和发展面临的严峻形势,亟须引起国人上下的反省与反思。在长期的历史发展进程中,我们这个多民族的国家创造了无数弥足珍贵的文化遗产,以文物、典籍等为代表的物质形态为主的有形文化遗产便以千万件计。也许是由于这些目不暇接的“有形”文化遗产更容易吸引民众的眼球、占据民众的头脑,因此,人们往往忽略了主要通过“心传口授”的方式传承下来,以口头传颂、传统表演艺术、民俗活动等非物质形态存在的非物质文化遗产。殊不知对于一个民族而言,无形文化遗产是一个民族文化的根基,同样是确认一个民族文化身份强有力的手段,非物质文化遗产的中断或失传,无异于丧失自己民族的文化特性,也就无异于丧失了自己的民族,这当然是一个民族最大的遗憾和悲哀。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献