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基于认知诊断评估理论和技术,本研究采用文献分析、专家研讨和口语报告法构建5～6岁儿童"数与运算"领域数学问题解决的认知模型,对627名5～6岁儿童进行认知诊断评估,运用认知诊断模型—数据拟合对认知模型和诊断测验进行质量检验。结果显示,认知属性对题目难度的解释量为0.879,效应量为0.834,平均HCI为0.749;认知诊断测验题目的平均区分度为0.707(标准差为0.299);除两题的题目拟合度S-X^2指标的显著性水平<0.01,其他题目的拟合度都较好;测验的信度为0.95;平均掌握概率与测验总分呈单调递增曲线。以上结果说明,本研究构建的儿童数学问题解决认知模型良好,编制的认知诊断测验具有较理想的测量信度与效度,可以作为评估儿童数学问题解决的有效工具,并可以提供精细丰富的诊断信息,从而为相关教育教学及干预研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
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关于新课程改革中的诊断性测验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在新课程改革中诊断性测验正在显得越来越重要,如何进行诊断性测验是广大中小学教师面临的实际问题。规则空间模型将认知心理学和教育测量理论相结合,它首先对所要考查的属性进行梳理,并编制出包含这些属性的测验题目。然后根据学生对于题目的作答情况,将他们在规则空间中划归为不同的类别,从而诊断出各类学生的认知缺陷。 相似文献
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林德道德判断测验述评 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从事道德认知发展研究的心理学家们一直在寻找一种适当的方法来对道德判断进行准确评估,因此也出现了皮亚杰的对偶故事法、柯尔伯格的两难故事法以及后来的确定问题测验(DIT)等评估方法。目前被广泛接受的一种测量方法是林德的道德判断测验(MJT),该测验基于道德认知发展理论以及道德行为与发展的双面理论,使同时分别测量道德行为的认知和情感方面成为可能。 相似文献
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认知诊断理论是基于项目反应理论的新一代测量理论,在教育测量实践中具有广阔的应用前景。诊断理论的研究主要围绕诊断模型的提出、模型诊断性能的评估、模型诊断结果的报告三个方面展开。认知诊断研究在上述三个方面的进展促进了诊断模型理论建设的深入与应用范围的拓展,但是在模型的外在效度、模型的群体诊断结果、模型的选择与比较、多分项目的诊断模型以及不同诊断测验之间的等值方面仍需进一步研究探索。 相似文献
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本研究旨在基于事先构建的理论模型,编制小学数学应用题认知诊断测验,并通过认知诊断评估对其效度进行验证。采用质性研究和量化研究两条思路,通过认知分析、大声思维和测验等方法,探索了认知诊断评估从理论模型构建到测验编制及其效度验证的过程。在理论模型构建和测验编制方面,所得结果表明认知分析和大声思维相结合能够合理地构建实质心理学的认知模型,并且基于该认知模型自上而下的测验设计是与认知诊断评估流程相吻合的。通过认知诊断评估所获取的数据分析表明,该测验的结构效度、内部效度和外部效度均达到理想水平,基于事先构建的认知模型所编制的认知诊断测验能够作为认知诊断评估的有效工具,有助于发掘和诊断学生数学应用题解决中的认知错误。 相似文献
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概念图是一种用图表形式来组织和表达知识的工具,可以形象、直观地呈现出学生的认知结构。从20世纪60年代发展至今,对概念图的研究已经比较成熟,成果也颇为丰富。在概念图的众多应用中,评估学生学习一直是研究的热点。作为一种区别于传统测验方法的技术,已有大量的研究验证了概念图在评估学生学习上的适宜性以及独特作用。在此基础上,若能将概念图技术与现代成熟的心理与教育测量理论相结合,可拓展其评估的精确性。 相似文献
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对教育测量理论的发展进行了综述,分析了经典测验理论、概化理论、项目反应理论和认知诊断理论的理论基础与实践应用优缺点,进而探讨了理论假设存在的问题. 相似文献
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Soojung Jang 《Distance Education》2000,21(1):136-161
Understanding complex conceptual relationships is crucial for Korean high school history learning. The motivating hypothesis for this study is that a Cognitive Flexibility Theory‐based Hypertext instructional module will promote acquisition of advanced knowledge associated with complex conceptual relationships. This study focussed on improving Korean history teaching and learning in terms of these learner characteristics based on Cognitive Flexibility Theory, an influential constructivist approach in the field of educational technology. A referential hypertext program based on Spiro and his colleagues’ (1988, 1990) Cognitive Flexibility Theory (CFT) was developed for this study. Three learning programs were presented: (1) Cognitive Flexibility Theory‐Based Hypertext (CFTH), (2) hierarchical hypertext, similar to CFTH except for its hierarchical node connections, and (3) a textbook representing the typical Korean high school history instruction process. The effects of these three treatments on history achievement were examined in terms of post‐test item characteristics. Independent variables were students’ IQ, and prior knowledge and motivation toward each learning program that was measured after the treatment. Students’ achievement was the highest among three groups, especially in complex items: comparison, analysis and synthesis. In the CFTH group high IQ and low PK students’ achievement was most improved, and motivation was the chief influential factor in explaining the achievement. 相似文献
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Witkin认知风格理论中通过镶嵌图形测试将学习者认知风格分为场独立性和场依赖性两种,场独立风格的学习者对外界或背景依赖程度小,场依赖风格的学习者对外界或背景的依赖程度大。场独立和场依赖认知风格对学习者的二语习得能力具有不同影响,听力理解能力同样受到不同认知风格的影响,学习者认清自身认知风格并在教师指导下有针对性地进行策略训练将有效提高听力理解水平。 相似文献
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本文采用多维项目反应理论(MIRT)中的补偿型模型,探索性地分析HSK(初中等)阅读部分的潜在维度空间,为HSK的构想效度研究提供一个佐证。实验使用自编程序估计参数。在模型拟合检验时,应用聚类分析技术为被试分组。结果表明:三维的MIRT模型是阅读部分的最佳心理计量模型,其中维度1能较好地区分被试,是阅读部分的主要测量对象。维度1与维度2所代表的能力呈一定相反的变化趋势,维度3较独立于其他两个维度。 相似文献
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This paper addresses a central problem for the theory of field dependence-its relationship with intelligence. Measures of field dependence (e.g. the Embedded Figures Test, EFT) are often found unable to display discriminant validity with conventional intelligence tests. Field independence is often associated with higher intelligence. This has resulted in an unhelpful see-saw debate as to whether field independence is, or is not, another manifestation of greater intelligence. Furthermore, they have only been able to discuss the quantitative differences between the styles. This paper is divided into three parts. Firstly, it examines research between field dependence and psychometrical intelligence, including a recent study which uses the Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA) and compares the results with the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) to address the issue of whether the EFT is a valid measure of field dependence theory. The main part presents an argument for seeking a relationship with the componential subtheory of the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 1985a), which may have greater potential for describing qualitative differences in intellectual functioning. It is proposed that field-independents may be associated with a heuristic routine that gives priority to selective encoding and selective comparing. By contrast, field-dependents may give priority to selective combining and selective comparing. The third part of the paper offers a brief summary of a study which empirically explores these proposed associations using both the EFT and CSA to measure FI. The findings reveal that, in both cases, some degree of functional association is found. However, the relationship is stronger with the latter measure. The conclusion of the paper is that Witkin's theory of field dependence may be usefully observed and informed through Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. 相似文献
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宋剑祥 《南宁职业技术学院学报》2015,(1):50-54
从职业内涵与职业性向的理解出发,简述了国外职业性向理论的研究状况,着重分析了帕森斯"人职匹配"理论、职业生涯发展阶段理论、霍兰德职业人格与环境类型适合理论、施恩"职业锚"发展理论、社会认知职业理论和职业系统理论框架等具有影响力的职业性向理论学派,旨在促进对这些理论成果的学习和借鉴。 相似文献
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科学地界定普通话水平测试中“语调偏误”的内涵,是制定合理的评分标准的基础。普通话水平测试中“方言语调”的外延应大干语言科学中界定的“语调”。“方言语调”与“语调偏误”的内涵是一致的。评判语调偏误应遵循先精确后模糊的原则。 相似文献
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Cognitive models of multimedia learning such as the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer 2009) or the Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller 1999) are based on different cognitive models of working memory (e.g., Baddeley 1986) and long-term memory. The current paper describes a working memory model that has recently gained popularity in basic research: the embedded-processes model (Cowan 1999). The embedded-processes model argues that working memory is not a separate cognitive system but is the activated part of long-term memory. A subset of activated long-term memory is assumed to be particularly highlighted and is termed the “focus of attention.” This model thus integrates working memory, long-term memory, and (voluntary and involuntary) attention, and referring to it within multimedia models provides the opportunity to model all these learning-relevant cognitive processes and systems in a unitary way. We make suggestions for incorporating this model into theories of multimedia learning. On this basis, one cannot only reinterpret crucial phenomena in multimedia learning that are attributed to working memory (the split-attention effect, the modality effect, the coherence effect, the signaling effect, the redundancy effect, and the expertise reversal effect) but also derive new predictions. 相似文献
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Marcos Cupani María Cristina Richaud de Minzi Edgardo Raúl Pérez Ricardo Marcos Pautassi 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(6):659-663
This study tested a set of hypotheses derived from the model of academic achievement in mathematics of the Social Cognitive Career Theory in a sample of Argentinean middle school students. To this aim, 277 students (male and female; age: 13–15 years) were assessed using the following instruments: logical–mathematical self-efficacy scale, mathematics outcome expectations, mathematics performance goals, and mathematics ability test. All of these instruments had been adapted for use in Argentinean students. Academic achievement in mathematics (i.e., grades obtained on regular school exams) was the variable to be modeled through the path analysis technique. The analysis allowed identification of interrelations among the variables and identification of direct and indirect effects. Academic achievement in mathematics was partially explained by the model. Overall, the results support the theoretical postulates of Social Cognitive Career Theory. 相似文献
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This study compares the psychometric utility of Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) for scale construction
with data from higher education student surveys. Using 2008 Your First College Year (YFCY) survey data from the Cooperative
Institutional Research Program at the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, two scales are built and tested—one measuring
social involvement and one measuring academic involvement. Findings indicate that although both CTT and IRT can be used to
obtain the same information about the extent to which scale items tap into the latent trait being measured, the two measurement
theories provide very different pictures of scale precision. On the whole, IRT provides much richer information about measurement
precision as well as a clearer roadmap for scale improvement. The findings support the use of IRT for scale construction and
survey development in higher education. 相似文献
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屈荣英 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,30(6):105-107
"顿悟"本是宗教术语,后来乔伊斯把该术语用于文学领域.乔伊斯以"顿悟说"来解释艺术创作阶段中的一个审美过程.这里着重探讨了"顿悟说"的由来、创立及其客观现实性,强调了"顿悟"在现代主义小说创作中,通常打破传统的时间或空间发展的顺序,放射出既是客观化的、也是主观化的审美意象.乔伊斯身体力行,在《都柏林人》中将"顿悟"手法运用到了极致. 相似文献