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近年来,冰冻圈微生物的研究受到广泛重视。冰冻圈的低温和严酷的生存条件,选择了具有独特适应性和多样性的微生物,这些微生物是地球生命系统和生物多样性的独特组分。冰冻圈微生物大多为冷适应微生物;其中,有许多新微生物类群,是极其重要的物种和基因资源。嗜冷微生物是揭示生物冷适应机制的模式生物,其细胞及细胞组分在低温生物工艺上显示出巨大的应用价值。冰冻圈中也封存着一些古老的未知致病性微生物。冰冻圈是地球上对气候变化最为敏感的圈层,地球的升温正加速冰冻圈的退化和消融,冰冻圈微生物赖以生存的生境正在消失,且伴随着微生物的释放。这些微生物的释放可能是人类面临的不可预知的威胁。因此,亟待开展冰冻圈微生物调查与研究,探讨其对全球变化的响应及其适应机制。 相似文献
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本文简要介绍了木聚糖酶的结构和降解机制、产木聚糖酶的主要微生物菌种、生产方式以及木聚糖酶的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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土壤微生物生物地理学是研究土壤中微生物空间分布格局及其随时间变化的一门科学。开展土壤微生物生物地理学研究有助于深入挖掘土壤中的未知生物资源,深刻理解土壤中微生物多样性的产生、维持机制,并可预测陆地生态系统功能的演变方向。由于土壤中微生物绝大多数不可培养,所以其生物地理学研究长期滞后于动植物的生物地理学。21世纪以来,新一代高通量测序、组学技术的突破为土壤微生物生物地理学带来了前所未有的机遇,使其成为土壤生物学、微生物生态学领域的国际研究热点。本文阐述了近年来国内外土壤微生物生物地理学的研究现状,提出了近期研究重点,并对该领域的未来研究与发展态势进行了展望。 相似文献
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《科技风》2021,(19)
海洋微生物是一种来自或从海洋环境中分离,其正常生长离不开海水,可以在少营养等恶劣极端条件生存的一种微生物。除此之外,陆地的耐盐菌或广盐菌,称为兼性海洋微生物。海洋动物体内有着含量非常丰富的微小生物~([1])。在海洋动物来源微生物的生物活性化合物中,目前已找到并提取出具有较高医学和生物学价值的活性化合物,在临床治疗,生物制药方面已经有了较好的应用。虽然微生物的生物活性化合物有了比较多的实践应用,但是受于现有的实验室分离培养条件的限制,目前仅有极小一部分的微生物被分离利用,大部分微生物的功效生物活性化合物还没有被开发出来。因此对于开展找寻,探索新的海洋动物来源微生物分离培养方法的研究十分必要。本文概括了通过使用微包埋法和I-tip技术从海洋动物中进行分离微生物的新方法,阐述了现有微包埋法和I-tip技术的优势和不足,并在论文末尾提出了改进两者技术的个人浅薄看法和方法。 相似文献
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因病原微生物侵染导致的植物病害对农作物的产量和质量造成了巨大损失,也对我国的粮食安全构成重大威胁。化学农药能够较有效地控制农作物病害,但其大量施用也给环境带来了巨大污染。植物和病原微生物在漫长的相互作用过程中形成了互相识别、共同进化的机制。深刻理解农作物与病原微生物间的识别与互作分子机制,可以加快农作物抗性品种分子育种,从而减少化学农药的施用。近十多年来,植物免疫识别和病原微生物致病性的分子机理研究取得了显著进展,并逐渐形成了植物与病原微生物分子互作的进化模型,这些成果为农作物的抗病性研究和病原微生物的致病功能解析奠定了基础,也为利用现代生物技术改良植物抗病性提供了新的策略和思路。文章综述了植物先天免疫研究的重要进展,并探讨了未来的重要研究方向。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献