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1.
简单反应时测量方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运动员的反应速度与运动成绩密切相关，简单反应是各种复杂反应的基础，能反映其潜在能力。因此，简单反应时是诸多运动项目运动员选材的一项重要心理指标。实践中发现用目前的测量方法进行测量，误差很大。通过每班４０人，３组共１２０人分别进行测试次数、测试时间和刺激强度等的实验，并以１０名对象进行验证，综合其它有关研究成果得出：测试时应严格控制激强度；被试在测试前应有一个视、听适应过程；初步确定测试以５０次为宜。并提出了在目前条件下更准确地进行简单反应时测量的测试与评价方法。 相似文献
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反应时是研究运动员心理特征的重要指标,然而以往研究结果并不一致。通过采用自编程序的微机视觉反应时测验,以不同反应时与竞技能力的相关差异,探讨影响竞技能力的神经机制。反应时测试有简单反应时、复杂反应时二刺激、辨别反应时二刺激、复杂反应时四刺激和翻转反应时四刺激。46名男队员和61名女队员按成绩分成优秀和一般两组,结果发现:简单反应时复杂反应四刺激和翻转反应四刺激指标在不同水平男女运动员中均表现出显著性差异,而简单反应时不显著。翻转反应时在不同水平羽毛球运动员之间差异效果量为最大。结果提示:羽毛球运动员的竞技能力不仅与信息加工速度有关,还与信息复杂程度有关,优秀羽毛球运动员加工复杂信息更具优势,灵活的神经转换机制可能是影响羽毛球运动员竞技能力的中央机制之一。 相似文献
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不同难度刺激条件的反应时分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用电脑图像编辑反应时测试仪等，对54名运动员和大学生进行测试，探讨他们在不同难度刺激条件下的反应时特征。结果显示，运动员在复杂刺激条件下的反应能力较弱，针对性练习对这种反应能力能产生较大的学习效果。为培养运动员在复杂比赛条件下的快速而准确的反应能力提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
“判断移动反应时”指标在球类项目选材中的应用研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
模拟球类项目的运动方式,综合运动员视野、观察判断力、重心移动速度和应变反应能力,设计了“判断移动反应时”测试指标及专用仪器.对1018名6～17岁的球类运动员进行测试,研究结果提供了球类运动员选材的敏感指标并为专项训练提供有效方法. 相似文献
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如何才能快速的对突破队员的动作做出判断呢？本文通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法、以及数理统计等研究方法,对运动员的手、脚步移动简单反应时进行测试,同时对运动员防守体前变向运球突破队员防守时注意腰部的反应时与运动员的手、脚脚步移动简单反应时进行相关性的分析研究,以期为以后的教学与训练提供参考依据。 相似文献
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以70名参加2010年国际网联青少年（U18）比赛的运动员为研究对象,分析其反应时水平状况。结果表明：青少年网球运动员选择反应时和平均反应时随年龄增长,表现出一定相关性;及时反应时男运动员随着年龄增长,表现出一定相关性,而女运动员并无明显相关性。 相似文献
7.
文章采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法、数理统计法,以前直拳、后直拳、后鞭腿三个动作为研究题材,对不同水平12名散打运动员的视觉选择反应时进行了测定和对比研究,一方面为散打运动员反应时进一步研究提供相关数据;另一方面为散打运动员科学训练的针对性、训练手段的有效性的动作视觉判断反应能力提供参考。研究结论得出：视觉选择反应时可用做比较不同水平散打运动员的一个参考指标。运动员预知一个动作与预知有两个动作中选择一个动作时,其反应时延长。而当运动员预知二个动作中选择一个动作与预知有三个动作中选择一个动作时,其反应时延长。 相似文献
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目的:通过对辽宁省乒乓球男队运动员视觉反应时分析,探讨反应时对乒乓球运动成绩的影响.方法:选取辽宁省乒乓球男队的全体运动员作为研究对象,先按年龄分层,再按运动成绩(国内比赛成绩和队内比赛成绩)分成运动成绩良好组和运动成绩一般组,用计算机视觉反应时测定软件同时测定2组运动员视觉简单反应时与视觉复杂反应时.结果:运动成绩良好组的运动员视觉简单平均反应时、视觉简单最快反应时、视觉简单最慢反应时与视觉复杂平均反应时、视觉复杂最快反应时、视觉复杂最慢反应时均比运动成绩一般组的运动员短,差异均有显著性(t平均=3.60、t最快=3.04、t最慢=2.68,P均＜0.05;t'平均=3.52、t'最快=2.38、t'最慢=2.31,P均＜0.05).结论:视觉反应时与乒乓球运动成绩显著相关,视觉反应快的运动员运动成绩好;可作为专业乒乓球运动员选材的一项参考指标. 相似文献
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文章通过对青少年散打运动员与成年散打运动员的反应时进行了测验,研究结果表明:青少年散打运动员简单反应时与成年运动员没有显著差别,但选择反应时和错次反应,青少年组与成年组有显著性差异,因而散打运动员通过系统的长时间的散打运动能提高神经肌肉的反应性,促进灵敏素质的发展,增强机体适应能力。文章通过对反应时的研究,希望对散打运动的选材和科学化训练提出一些建议和帮助。 相似文献
10.
为探讨耐力及速度型训练者有氧运动VO2动力学反应特点及其与心血管机能的关系。实验结果显示，VO2半时反应时间、氧亏、血乳酸、血压的变化皆为有训练者小于无训练者，耐力训练者小于速度训练者，LVET的增加则有相反趋势。提示恒定负荷运动时，VO2动力学反应与训练适应及心功能有关，可作为评定运动员有氧运动能力的指标。 相似文献
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Abstract Motor pool excitability, H-reflex amplitude, was studied in RT responses preceded by varied foreperiods. Rapid plantar flexion of the foot followed auditory warning signals, varied foreperiods, and visual RT stimuli. Response speed was latency of EMG onset in the soleus muscle (PMT). The H-reflex stimulus was either omitted (none), or presented at one of three intervals in the movement response period: 0 (simultaneous with RT stimulus), 100 or 200 ms following stimulus. Control H-reflexes were taken before and after RT trials. The motor pool was not differentially excited following the random foreperiods. In fact it was not elevated over control values until late into the preparatory period (200 ms) which probably reflects the direct expression of the motor command. Using the H-reflex paradigm in combination with a RT response strongly altered the PMT when the H-reflex was presented early in the preparatory period (0). Since motor pool excitability changes were not evident early in the movement preparation period, they poorly predicted PMTs. 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
13.
Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
14.
许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
15.
采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
16.
Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
19.
我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献