共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
采用文献法和访谈法,对中美8所高校运动训练类专业的培养方案进行比较,旨在完善我国高校运动训练专业人才培养方案,为培养适应时代发展和社会需求的运动训练专业人才提供新思路。研究发现,美国高校的培养目标定位更务实,公共必修课的设置更关注人文与科学素养培育,学分修读更强调过程性评价,以及专业实践课采用“早实习、多实习”的方式,对培养过程的严格监控等做法值得借鉴。 相似文献
2.
频闪视觉训练是一种新型的训练形式,该训练模式由个体在间歇性视觉条件下进行训练,目的是在正常视觉条件下提高后续能力。介绍了频闪视觉训练的相关原理,列举和说明了频闪视觉训练在体育运动中的应用现状和使用效果。大量的研究表明频闪视觉训练对不同运动项目、不同领域、不同人群的好处,这对进一步推广频闪视觉训练具有重要意义。最后,讨论了频闪视觉训练现有研究的不足和未来的发展趋势。 相似文献
3.
《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):155-183
Cognitive enhancement refers to any type of improvement in cognitive performance following targeted interventions. Cognitive training is a rapidly growing market with potential to further expand in the future. Several computerized software programs promoting cognitive enhancement have been developed in recent years, with controversial results and implications. Within the research field, advances have been made regarding our understanding of the benefits inherent to cognitive programs, mainly involving working memory mechanisms and videogame training paradigms. In a distinct literature, physical exercise has been shown to broadly enhance cognitive functions, in humans and animals. In this article, we bring together these two trends of research in a comparative review, leading the discussion to an emerging third approach: designed sports training. Specifically designed sports, which tax working memory and spatial ability by incorporating motion in three-dimensional space, are an optimal way to combine the benefits of traditional cognitive training and physical exercise into a single activity. We discuss these findings in the context of embodied cognition, and argue that sensorimotor learning in designed sports is a key mechanism linking training and cognitive enhancement. 相似文献
4.
体能概念辩误与身体训练的内容 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
陈有源 《武汉体育学院学报》2005,39(12):72-75
体能广义为人体活动时表现出来的所有活动能力,狭义的运动员的体能就是指运动能力。运动能力是指人体的肢体发生运动可以感觉和观察到的各种运动表现的运动水平。运动能力有项目特点。人体的机能能力是指人体不能感觉和观察到的全身组织、器官和系统的机能水平。运动能力取决于机能能力。身体素质的内容,力量是机能能力。速度、耐力、灵敏和柔韧等是运动能力,但都不完整。它把机能能力与运动能力等同并列,没有表明两者是从属关系。它们都是泛指概念,不能为专项运动应该发展哪些运动能力和取决于哪些组织的哪些机能能力提供确切的依据。体能或身体训练的内容是发展专项运动需要的运动能力和相应组织的相应机能能力。只有提高了运动能力才意味着提高了相应组织的相应机能的活动水平,但必须在组织没有发生损伤性适应的情况下,才意味着提高了机能水平。 相似文献
5.
最近大量的研究证据表明：运动员在认知功能上比一般人更加优胜。首先,在模拟真实的运动场景设置的认知任务中,专业运动员比新手要更快更准确,这得益于他们经济有效的注意（凝视）分配方式;再者,在诸如flankers任务之类的与运动无关的实验室认知任务中,专业运动员也比新手更快,且更能抵抗无关刺激的干扰;其三,来自流行病学研究、临床干预研究和动物研究的证据都说明：健身训练有助于改善脑认知功能。此外,也有研究表明针对认知技术本身的适应性训练可以改善认知功能。这些信息对我们了解运动员的心理特征有着重要的启示。 相似文献
6.
邓运龙 《武汉体育学院学报》2011,45(1):60-65,96
运动训练科学化的根本出路在于认识与遵循规律。运动训练的基本规律,包括项目规律与训练规律。运动训练的基本体系框架中,运动训练理论主要是基于专项与个案训练理论,运动训练实践主要是基于目标与实战需要。运动训练的基本体系的基本内容主要有:项目规律与训练规律及其统一;一般训练与专项训练和群体训练与个案训练及其统一;选择和创造训练手段,包括一般与专项和群体与个体训练手段及其统一;发展和形成竞技能力,包括一般与专项竞技能力和群体与个体竞技能力及其统一。它们都是普遍性与特殊性的辩证关系。其中,个案训练理论,是训练规律的基本内容,是实践规律,在构成运动训练理论中个案训练理论与专项训练理论是同等程度的规律,个案训练理论还包括训练主体的意识与情感因素。优秀运动员的实践途径是专项训练与个案训练及其统一,选择与创造专项和个体训练手段及其统一,发展与形成专项与个体竞技能力及其统一。 相似文献
7.
体育科技期刊编辑学术素养的培养途径 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
体育科技期刊的价值体现,离不开其学术价值的提升,离不开高素质的编辑人才。分析了时代对体育科技期刊编辑素质的要求,从培养编辑专业审稿特长,与科研人员共同承担科研项目,深入训练、科研第一线采编等方面论述了培养体育科技期刊编辑学术素养的途径。 相似文献
8.
对现代运动训练周期的再探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合目前世界优秀运动员的年训练计划,从周期训练的安排原则出发,分析现代运动训练周期变化的特点,以期为广大教练员和运动员在运动训练过程中提供一些新的思考和启示,制定出最佳的训练计划. 相似文献
9.
Research examining our ability to avoid obstacles in our path has stressed the importance of visual input. The aim of this study was to determine if athletes playing varsity-level field sports, who rely on visual input to guide motor behaviour, are more able to guide their foot over obstacles compared to recreational individuals. While wearing kinematic markers, eight varsity athletes and eight age-matched controls (aged 18–25) walked along a walkway and stepped over stationary obstacles (180° motion arc). Visual input was manipulated using PLATO visual goggles three or two steps pre-obstacle crossing and compared to trials where vision was given throughout. A main effect between groups for peak trail toe elevation was shown with greater values generated by the controls for all crossing conditions during full vision trials only. This may be interpreted as athletes not perceiving this obstacle as an increased threat to their postural stability. Collectively, findings suggest the athletic group is able to transfer their abilities to non-specific conditions during full vision trials; however, varsity-level athletes were equally reliant on visual cues for these visually guided stepping tasks as their performance was similar to the controls when vision is removed. 相似文献
10.
We assessed the effectiveness of two generalized visual training programmes in enhancing visual and motor performance for racquet sports. Forty young participants were assigned equally to groups undertaking visual training using Revien and Gabor's Sports Vision programme (Group 1), visual training using Revien's Eyerobics (Group 2), a placebo condition involving reading (Group 3) and a control condition involving physical practice only (Group 4). Measures of basic visual function and of sport-specific motor performance were obtained from all participants before and immediately after a 4-week training period. Significant pre- to post-training differences were evident on some of the measures; however, these were not group-dependent. Contrary to the claims made by proponents of generalized visual training, we found no evidence that the visual training programmes led to improvements in either vision or motor performance above and beyond those resulting simply from test familiarity. 相似文献
11.
We assessed the effectiveness of two generalized visual training programmes in enhancing visual and motor performance for racquet sports. Forty young participants were assigned equally to groups undertaking visual training using Revien and Gabor’s Sports Vision programme (Group 1), visual training using Revien’s Eyerobics (Group 2), a placebo condition involving reading (Group 3) and a control condition involving physical practice only (Group 4). Measures of basic visual function and of sport-specific motor performance were obtained from all participants before and immediately after a 4-week training period. Significant pre- to post-training differences were evident on some of the measures; however, these were not group-dependent. Contrary to the claims made by proponents of generalized visual training, we found no evidence that the visual training programmes led to improvements in either vision or motor performance above and beyond those resulting simply from test familiarity. 相似文献
12.
目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征，为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生，共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力），并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05），8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05），开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响，且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。 相似文献
13.
In the growing field of sports vision little is still known about unique attributes of visual processing in ice hockey and what role visual processing plays in the overall athlete’s performance. In the present study we evaluated whether visual, perceptual and cognitive/motor variables collected using the Nike SPARQ Sensory Training Station have significant relevance to the real game statistics of 38 Division I collegiate male and female hockey players. The results demonstrated that 69% of variance in the goals made by forwards in 2011–2013 could be predicted by their faster reaction time to a visual stimulus, better visual memory, better visual discrimination and a faster ability to shift focus between near and far objects. Approximately 33% of variance in game points was significantly related to better discrimination among competing visual stimuli. In addition, reaction time to a visual stimulus as well as stereoptic quickness significantly accounted for 24% of variance in the mean duration of the player’s penalty time. This is one of the first studies to show that some of the visual skills that state-of-the-art generalised sports vision programmes are purported to target may indeed be important for hockey players’ actual performance on the ice. 相似文献
14.
Luke Wilkins Lawrence Gregory Appelbaum 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2020,13(1):65-80
ABSTRACT Stroboscopic visual training (SVT) is a form of training in which an individual practices a task under intermittent visual conditions with the intention of enhancing subsequent performance under normal visual conditions. Training with stroboscopic devices is theorized to improve important visual, perceptual, and cognitive skills, which in turn transfers to enhanced sporting performance. Indeed, while there is an abundance of anecdotal evidence suggesting benefits of strobe training, empirical evidence is rarer and less conclusive. This lack of clarity is due, in part, to the challenging methodological issues faced when conducting experimental vision training studies in applied contexts. The present paper is an early review of the research to date with a focus on the key methodological decisions, such as the training and testing protocols employed, participant samples and control groups used, and practical considerations that enable such training in applied settings. Whilst still at an early stage, the existing studies point to SVT enhancing some aspects of foveal visual sensitivity and visual motor control, with notable benefits for some athletic tasks. Such improvements could have implications not just in sport, but in domains such as rehabilitation, education, and motor vehicle safety. 相似文献
15.
比赛作为竞技体育的重要组成部分,已逐渐发展成为运动训练的重要训练方法之一。但是,简单的“以练代赛”或“以赛代练”,都是违反训练学规律的。因此,在我国部分竞技体育项目取得一定突破的情况下,需要从运动训练学科的角度认真总结训练方法的科学性问题,正确处理好“比赛”与“训练”的关系,这不仅是竞技体育的科学理论问题,更是竞技体育技术实践与管理的指导性问题。“以赛代练”,不是不练,提法的科学理解必须明确。 相似文献
16.
"比赛训练法"与"以赛代练"的训练学阐释与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比赛作为竞技体育的重要组成部分,已逐渐发展成为运动训练的重要训练方法之一.但是,简单的"以练代赛"或"以赛代练",都是违反训练学规律的.因此,在我国部分竞技体育项目取得一定突破的情况下,需要从运动训练学科的角度认真总结训练方法的科学性问题,正确处理好"比赛"与"训练"的关系,这不仅是竞技体育的科学理论问题,更是竞技体育技术实践与管理的指导性问题."以赛代练",不是不练,提法的科学理解必须明确. 相似文献
17.
对教练员岗位培训教学工作的理论思考 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
蔡犁 《武汉体育学院学报》2004,38(1):103-105
教练员岗位培训是竞技体育发展的重要基础工作,也是竞技体育可持续发展的重要组成部分,其教学效果直接关系到体育教练员的执教能力。运用献研究、专家咨询等方法进行研究,结果表明：教练员岗位培训教学工作应树立新的教育理念,做到“五化”;教学模式应遵循“三结合、三突出”,“必需、够用”,创新和能力本位原则;提出了以提高教练员指导训练、指挥竞赛、管理队伍能力和职业道德水平为重点,以提高教练员综合职业能力为目的的教学模式的构想。 相似文献
18.
高原训练对运动能力影响的机制 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
随着竞技体育的不断发展和运动技术水平的提高，高原训练作为一种辅助手段引起国内外体育界的重视。高原训练的实践经验和基础理论的研究得到了重视和完善，形成了较为丰富的理论和实践体系。就高原训练对生理、生化机能的影响等方面的研究进行综述。 相似文献
19.
冷却疗法具有止痛、防肿、减少继发性损伤等作用。在运动医学领域内，该疗法除了用于急性外伤性损伤的早期治疗外，它还可用于急性软组织损伤的恢复期治疗和慢性损伤的康复治疗。本文就有关冷却疗法在运动后恢复过程中应用的问题进行阐述，并作为训练后机体恢复新方法进行探讨。 相似文献
20.
竞技体育后备人才是竞技体育可持续发展的基础。辽宁、山东、江苏、上海、浙江、广东6省市作为我国的传统竞技体育强省,他们的竞技体育后备人才培养的状况将在一定程度上影响着今后几年我国整体竞技体育在国际上的表现。运用文献资料、比较研究、逻辑分析等研究方法,对6省市的一、二、三线的体育后备人才数量、教练员状况、项目布局、培养途径和普遍存在的问题进行分析和研究,希望能够为我国其他省市竞技体育的可持续发展提供参考。 相似文献